firewall can distinguish if the host connecting has an overlapping network, is a VPN peer without an overlapping network, or is a unsafe network

Bumps [github.com/miekg/dns](https://github.com/miekg/dns) from 1.1.65 to 1.1.68.
- [Changelog](https://github.com/miekg/dns/blob/master/Makefile.release)
- [Commits](https://github.com/miekg/dns/compare/v1.1.65...v1.1.68)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: github.com/miekg/dns
  dependency-version: 1.1.68
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-patch
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

bits.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-// TODO: Pretty sure this is just all sorts of racy now, we need it to be atomic
 type Bits struct {
 	length             uint64
 	current            uint64
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ func (b *Bits) Check(l logrus.FieldLogger, i uint64) bool {
 	}
 
 	// Not within the window
-	l.Error("rejected a packet (top) %d %d\n", b.current, i)
+	l.Debugf("rejected a packet (top) %d %d\n", b.current, i)
 	return false
 }
 

cert/pem.go

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 package cert
 
 import (
-	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/pem"
 	"fmt"
-	"time"
 
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ed25519"
 )
@@ -140,101 +138,6 @@ func MarshalSigningPrivateKeyToPEM(curve Curve, b []byte) []byte {
 	}
 }
 
-// Backward compatibility functions for older API
-func MarshalX25519PublicKey(b []byte) []byte {
-	return MarshalPublicKeyToPEM(Curve_CURVE25519, b)
-}
-
-func MarshalX25519PrivateKey(b []byte) []byte {
-	return MarshalPrivateKeyToPEM(Curve_CURVE25519, b)
-}
-
-func MarshalPublicKey(curve Curve, b []byte) []byte {
-	return MarshalPublicKeyToPEM(curve, b)
-}
-
-func MarshalPrivateKey(curve Curve, b []byte) []byte {
-	return MarshalPrivateKeyToPEM(curve, b)
-}
-
-// NebulaCertificate is a compatibility wrapper for the old API
-type NebulaCertificate struct {
-	Details   NebulaCertificateDetails
-	Signature []byte
-	cert      Certificate
-}
-
-// NebulaCertificateDetails is a compatibility wrapper for certificate details
-type NebulaCertificateDetails struct {
-	Name      string
-	NotBefore time.Time
-	NotAfter  time.Time
-	PublicKey []byte
-	IsCA      bool
-	Issuer    []byte
-	Curve     Curve
-}
-
-// UnmarshalNebulaCertificateFromPEM provides backward compatibility with the old API
-func UnmarshalNebulaCertificateFromPEM(b []byte) (*NebulaCertificate, []byte, error) {
-	c, rest, err := UnmarshalCertificateFromPEM(b)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, rest, err
-	}
-
-	issuerBytes, err := func() ([]byte, error) {
-		issuer := c.Issuer()
-		if issuer == "" {
-			return nil, nil
-		}
-		decoded, err := hex.DecodeString(issuer)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode issuer fingerprint: %w", err)
-		}
-		return decoded, nil
-	}()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, rest, err
-	}
-
-	pubKey := c.PublicKey()
-	if pubKey != nil {
-		pubKey = append([]byte(nil), pubKey...)
-	}
-
-	sig := c.Signature()
-	if sig != nil {
-		sig = append([]byte(nil), sig...)
-	}
-
-	return &NebulaCertificate{
-		Details: NebulaCertificateDetails{
-			Name:      c.Name(),
-			NotBefore: c.NotBefore(),
-			NotAfter:  c.NotAfter(),
-			PublicKey: pubKey,
-			IsCA:      c.IsCA(),
-			Issuer:    issuerBytes,
-			Curve:     c.Curve(),
-		},
-		Signature: sig,
-		cert:      c,
-	}, rest, nil
-}
-
-// IssuerString returns the issuer in hex format for compatibility
-func (n *NebulaCertificate) IssuerString() string {
-	if n.Details.Issuer == nil {
-		return ""
-	}
-	return hex.EncodeToString(n.Details.Issuer)
-}
-
-// Certificate returns the underlying certificate (read-only)
-func (n *NebulaCertificate) Certificate() Certificate {
-	return n.cert
-}
-
 // UnmarshalPrivateKeyFromPEM will try to unmarshal the first pem block in a byte array, returning any non
 // consumed data or an error on failure
 func UnmarshalPrivateKeyFromPEM(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, Curve, error) {

cmd/nebula-service/main.go

@@ -65,16 +65,8 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	if !*configTest {
-		wait, err := ctrl.Start()
+		ctrl.Start()
-		if err != nil {
+		ctrl.ShutdownBlock()
-			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Error while running", err, l)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-
-		go ctrl.ShutdownBlock()
-		wait()
-
-		l.Info("Goodbye")
 	}
 
 	os.Exit(0)

cmd/nebula/main.go

@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@ package main
 import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	_ "net/http/pprof"
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -61,22 +58,10 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
-	go func() {
-		log.Println(http.ListenAndServe("0.0.0.0:6060", nil))
-	}()
-
 	if !*configTest {
-		wait, err := ctrl.Start()
+		ctrl.Start()
-		if err != nil {
-			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Error while running", err, l)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-
-		go ctrl.ShutdownBlock()
 		notifyReady(l)
-		wait()
+		ctrl.ShutdownBlock()
-
-		l.Info("Goodbye")
 	}
 
 	os.Exit(0)

connection_state.go

@@ -13,9 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/noiseutil"
 )
 
-// TODO: In a 5Gbps test, 1024 is not sufficient. With a 1400 MTU this is about 1.4Gbps of window, assuming full packets.
+const ReplayWindow = 1024
-// 4092 should be sufficient for 5Gbps
-const ReplayWindow = 4096
 
 type ConnectionState struct {
 	eKey           *NebulaCipherState

control.go

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ package nebula
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
-	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -15,16 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay"
 )
 
-type RunState int
-
-const (
-	Stopped  RunState = 0 // The control has yet to be started
-	Started  RunState = 1 // The control has been started
-	Stopping RunState = 2 // The control is stopping
-)
-
-var ErrAlreadyStarted = errors.New("nebula is already started")
-
 // Every interaction here needs to take extra care to copy memory and not return or use arguments "as is" when touching
 // core. This means copying IP objects, slices, de-referencing pointers and taking the actual value, etc
 
@@ -38,9 +26,6 @@ type controlHostLister interface {
 }
 
 type Control struct {
-	stateLock sync.Mutex
-	state     RunState
-
 	f                      *Interface
 	l                      *logrus.Logger
 	ctx                    context.Context
@@ -64,21 +49,10 @@ type ControlHostInfo struct {
 	CurrentRelaysThroughMe []netip.Addr     `json:"currentRelaysThroughMe"`
 }
 
-// Start actually runs nebula, this is a nonblocking call.
+// Start actually runs nebula, this is a nonblocking call. To block use Control.ShutdownBlock()
-// The returned function can be used to wait for nebula to fully stop.
+func (c *Control) Start() {
-func (c *Control) Start() (func(), error) {
-	c.stateLock.Lock()
-	if c.state != Stopped {
-		c.stateLock.Unlock()
-		return nil, ErrAlreadyStarted
-	}
-
 	// Activate the interface
-	err := c.f.activate()
+	c.f.activate()
-	if err != nil {
-		c.stateLock.Unlock()
-		return nil, err
-	}
 
 	// Call all the delayed funcs that waited patiently for the interface to be created.
 	if c.sshStart != nil {
@@ -98,33 +72,15 @@ func (c *Control) Start() (func(), error) {
 	}
 
 	// Start reading packets.
-	c.state = Started
+	c.f.run()
-	c.stateLock.Unlock()
-	return c.f.run(c.ctx)
-}
-
-func (c *Control) State() RunState {
-	c.stateLock.Lock()
-	defer c.stateLock.Unlock()
-	return c.state
 }
 
 func (c *Control) Context() context.Context {
 	return c.ctx
 }
 
-// Stop is a non-blocking call that signals nebula to close all tunnels and shut down
+// Stop signals nebula to shutdown and close all tunnels, returns after the shutdown is complete
 func (c *Control) Stop() {
-	c.stateLock.Lock()
-	if c.state != Started {
-		c.stateLock.Unlock()
-		// We are stopping or stopped already
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.state = Stopping
-	c.stateLock.Unlock()
-
 	// Stop the handshakeManager (and other services), to prevent new tunnels from
 	// being created while we're shutting them all down.
 	c.cancel()
@@ -133,7 +89,7 @@ func (c *Control) Stop() {
 	if err := c.f.Close(); err != nil {
 		c.l.WithError(err).Error("Close interface failed")
 	}
-	c.state = Stopped
+	c.l.Info("Goodbye")
 }
 
 // ShutdownBlock will listen for and block on term and interrupt signals, calling Control.Stop() once signalled

e2e/helpers_test.go

@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@ type m = map[string]any
 
 // newSimpleServer creates a nebula instance with many assumptions
 func newSimpleServer(v cert.Version, caCrt cert.Certificate, caKey []byte, name string, sVpnNetworks string, overrides m) (*nebula.Control, []netip.Prefix, netip.AddrPort, *config.C) {
-	l := NewTestLogger()
-
 	var vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix
 	for _, sn := range strings.Split(sVpnNetworks, ",") {
 		vpnIpNet, err := netip.ParsePrefix(strings.TrimSpace(sn))
@@ -56,6 +54,25 @@ func newSimpleServer(v cert.Version, caCrt cert.Certificate, caKey []byte, name
 		budpIp[3] = 239
 		udpAddr = netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(budpIp), 4242)
 	}
+	return newSimpleServerWithUdp(v, caCrt, caKey, name, sVpnNetworks, udpAddr, overrides)
+}
+
+func newSimpleServerWithUdp(v cert.Version, caCrt cert.Certificate, caKey []byte, name string, sVpnNetworks string, udpAddr netip.AddrPort, overrides m) (*nebula.Control, []netip.Prefix, netip.AddrPort, *config.C) {
+	l := NewTestLogger()
+
+	var vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix
+	for _, sn := range strings.Split(sVpnNetworks, ",") {
+		vpnIpNet, err := netip.ParsePrefix(strings.TrimSpace(sn))
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		vpnNetworks = append(vpnNetworks, vpnIpNet)
+	}
+
+	if len(vpnNetworks) == 0 {
+		panic("no vpn networks")
+	}
+
 	_, _, myPrivKey, myPEM := cert_test.NewTestCert(v, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, caCrt, caKey, name, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(5*time.Minute), vpnNetworks, nil, []string{})
 
 	caB, err := caCrt.MarshalPEM()

e2e/tunnels_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 package e2e
 
 import (
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -55,3 +56,50 @@ func TestDropInactiveTunnels(t *testing.T) {
 	myControl.Stop()
 	theirControl.Stop()
 }
+
+func TestCrossStackRelaysWork(t *testing.T) {
+	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
+	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24,fc00::1/64", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
+	relayControl, relayVpnIpNet, relayUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "relay  ", "10.128.0.128/24,fc00::128/64", m{"relay": m{"am_relay": true}})
+	theirUdp := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.2:4242")
+	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServerWithUdp(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "them   ", "fc00::2/64", theirUdp, m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
+
+	//myVpnV4 := myVpnIpNet[0]
+	myVpnV6 := myVpnIpNet[1]
+	relayVpnV4 := relayVpnIpNet[0]
+	relayVpnV6 := relayVpnIpNet[1]
+	theirVpnV6 := theirVpnIpNet[0]
+
+	// Teach my how to get to the relay and that their can be reached via the relay
+	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(relayVpnV4.Addr(), relayUdpAddr)
+	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(relayVpnV6.Addr(), relayUdpAddr)
+	myControl.InjectRelays(theirVpnV6.Addr(), []netip.Addr{relayVpnV6.Addr()})
+	relayControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnV6.Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
+
+	// Build a router so we don't have to reason who gets which packet
+	r := router.NewR(t, myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
+	defer r.RenderFlow()
+
+	// Start the servers
+	myControl.Start()
+	relayControl.Start()
+	theirControl.Start()
+
+	t.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them via the relay")
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
+
+	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
+	r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
+	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me"), p, myVpnV6.Addr(), theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, 80)
+
+	t.Log("reply?")
+	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them"))
+	p = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(myControl)
+	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from them"), p, theirVpnV6.Addr(), myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, 80)
+
+	r.RenderHostmaps("Final hostmaps", myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
+	//t.Log("finish up")
+	//myControl.Stop()
+	//theirControl.Stop()
+	//relayControl.Stop()
+}

examples/config.yml

@@ -132,13 +132,6 @@ listen:
   # Sets the max number of packets to pull from the kernel for each syscall (under systems that support recvmmsg)
   # default is 64, does not support reload
   #batch: 64
-
-# Control batching between UDP and TUN pipelines
-#batch:
-#  inbound_size: 32        # packets to queue from UDP before handing to workers
-#  outbound_size: 32       # packets to queue from TUN before handing to workers
-#  flush_interval: 50us    # flush partially filled batches after this duration
-#  max_outstanding: 1028   # batches buffered per routine on each channel
   # Configure socket buffers for the udp side (outside), leave unset to use the system defaults. Values will be doubled by the kernel
   # Default is net.core.rmem_default and net.core.wmem_default (/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default and /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default)
   # Maximum is limited by memory in the system, SO_RCVBUFFORCE and SO_SNDBUFFORCE is used to avoid having to raise the system wide

firewall.go

@@ -417,6 +417,8 @@ func AddFirewallRulesFromConfig(l *logrus.Logger, inbound bool, c *config.C, fw
 	return nil
 }
 
+var ErrUnknownNetworkType = errors.New("unknown network type")
+var ErrPeerRejected = errors.New("remote IP is not within a subnet that we handle")
 var ErrInvalidRemoteIP = errors.New("remote IP is not in remote certificate subnets")
 var ErrInvalidLocalIP = errors.New("local IP is not in list of handled local IPs")
 var ErrNoMatchingRule = errors.New("no matching rule in firewall table")
@@ -429,18 +431,31 @@ func (f *Firewall) Drop(fp firewall.Packet, incoming bool, h *HostInfo, caPool *
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Make sure remote address matches nebula certificate
+	// Make sure remote address matches nebula certificate, and determine how to treat it
-	if h.networks != nil {
+	if h.networks == nil {
-		if !h.networks.Contains(fp.RemoteAddr) {
-			f.metrics(incoming).droppedRemoteAddr.Inc(1)
-			return ErrInvalidRemoteIP
-		}
-	} else {
 		// Simple case: Certificate has one address and no unsafe networks
 		if h.vpnAddrs[0] != fp.RemoteAddr {
 			f.metrics(incoming).droppedRemoteAddr.Inc(1)
 			return ErrInvalidRemoteIP
 		}
+	} else {
+		nwType, ok := h.networks.Lookup(fp.RemoteAddr)
+		if !ok {
+			f.metrics(incoming).droppedRemoteAddr.Inc(1)
+			return ErrInvalidRemoteIP
+		}
+		switch nwType {
+		case NetworkTypeVPN:
+			break // nothing special
+		case NetworkTypeVPNPeer:
+			f.metrics(incoming).droppedRemoteAddr.Inc(1)
+			return ErrPeerRejected // reject for now, one day this may have different FW rules
+		case NetworkTypeUnsafe:
+			break // nothing special, one day this may have different FW rules
+		default:
+			f.metrics(incoming).droppedRemoteAddr.Inc(1)
+			return ErrUnknownNetworkType //should never happen
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Make sure we are supposed to be handling this local ip address

firewall_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/firewall"
@@ -149,7 +150,8 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
-
+	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
+	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("1.1.1.1/8"))
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"),
 		RemoteAddr: netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"),
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4")},
 	}
-	h.buildNetworks(c.networks, c.unsafeNetworks)
+	h.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c.networks, c.unsafeNetworks)
 
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, &c)
 	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"any"}, "", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
@@ -226,6 +228,9 @@ func TestFirewall_DropV6(t *testing.T) {
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
 
+	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
+	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/7"))
+
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("fd12::34"),
 		RemoteAddr: netip.MustParseAddr("fd12::34"),
@@ -250,7 +255,7 @@ func TestFirewall_DropV6(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("fd12::34")},
 	}
-	h.buildNetworks(c.networks, c.unsafeNetworks)
+	h.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c.networks, c.unsafeNetworks)
 
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, &c)
 	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"any"}, "", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
@@ -392,7 +397,7 @@ func BenchmarkFirewallTable_match(b *testing.B) {
 		c := &cert.CachedCertificate{
 			Certificate: &dummyCert{
 				name:     "nope",
-				networks: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("fd99:99/128")},
+				networks: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("fd99::99/128")},
 			},
 			InvertedGroups: map[string]struct{}{"nope": {}},
 		}
@@ -453,6 +458,8 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop2(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
+	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
+	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("1.1.1.1/8"))
 
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"),
@@ -478,7 +485,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop2(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h.buildNetworks(c.Certificate.Networks(), c.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
+	h.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c.Certificate.Networks(), c.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	c1 := cert.CachedCertificate{
 		Certificate: &dummyCert{
@@ -493,7 +500,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop2(t *testing.T) {
 			peerCert: &c1,
 		},
 	}
-	h1.buildNetworks(c1.Certificate.Networks(), c1.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
+	h1.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c1.Certificate.Networks(), c1.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, c.Certificate)
 	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"default-group", "test-group"}, "", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
@@ -510,6 +517,8 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
+	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
+	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("1.1.1.1/8"))
 
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"),
@@ -541,7 +550,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h1.buildNetworks(c1.Certificate.Networks(), c1.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
+	h1.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c1.Certificate.Networks(), c1.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	c2 := cert.CachedCertificate{
 		Certificate: &dummyCert{
@@ -556,7 +565,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h2.buildNetworks(c2.Certificate.Networks(), c2.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
+	h2.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c2.Certificate.Networks(), c2.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	c3 := cert.CachedCertificate{
 		Certificate: &dummyCert{
@@ -571,7 +580,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h3.buildNetworks(c3.Certificate.Networks(), c3.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
+	h3.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c3.Certificate.Networks(), c3.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, c.Certificate)
 	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 1, 1, []string{}, "host1", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
@@ -597,6 +606,8 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3V6(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
+	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
+	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/7"))
 
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("fd12::34"),
@@ -620,7 +631,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3V6(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h.buildNetworks(c.Certificate.Networks(), c.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
+	h.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c.Certificate.Networks(), c.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	// Test a remote address match
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, c.Certificate)
@@ -633,6 +644,8 @@ func TestFirewall_DropConntrackReload(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
+	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
+	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("1.1.1.1/8"))
 
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"),
@@ -659,7 +672,7 @@ func TestFirewall_DropConntrackReload(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h.buildNetworks(c.Certificate.Networks(), c.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
+	h.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c.Certificate.Networks(), c.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, c.Certificate)
 	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"any"}, "", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
@@ -692,6 +705,52 @@ func TestFirewall_DropConntrackReload(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, fw.Drop(p, false, &h, cp, nil), ErrNoMatchingRule)
 }
 
+func TestFirewall_DropIPSpoofing(t *testing.T) {
+	l := test.NewLogger()
+	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	l.SetOutput(ob)
+	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
+	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.1/24"))
+
+	c := cert.CachedCertificate{
+		Certificate: &dummyCert{
+			name:     "host-owner",
+			networks: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.1/24")},
+		},
+	}
+
+	c1 := cert.CachedCertificate{
+		Certificate: &dummyCert{
+			name:           "host",
+			networks:       []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.2/24")},
+			unsafeNetworks: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("198.51.100.0/24")},
+		},
+	}
+	h1 := HostInfo{
+		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{
+			peerCert: &c1,
+		},
+		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{c1.Certificate.Networks()[0].Addr()},
+	}
+	h1.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c1.Certificate.Networks(), c1.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
+
+	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, c.Certificate)
+
+	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 1, 1, []string{}, "", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
+	cp := cert.NewCAPool()
+
+	// Packet spoofed by `c1`. Note that the remote addr is not a valid one.
+	p := firewall.Packet{
+		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1"),
+		RemoteAddr: netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.3"),
+		LocalPort:  1,
+		RemotePort: 1,
+		Protocol:   firewall.ProtoUDP,
+		Fragment:   false,
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, fw.Drop(p, true, &h1, cp, nil), ErrInvalidRemoteIP)
+}
+
 func BenchmarkLookup(b *testing.B) {
 	ml := func(m map[string]struct{}, a [][]string) {
 		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {

go.mod

@@ -8,30 +8,30 @@ require (
 	github.com/armon/go-radix v1.0.0
 	github.com/cyberdelia/go-metrics-graphite v0.0.0-20161219230853-39f87cc3b432
 	github.com/flynn/noise v1.1.0
-	github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.20.4
+	github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.25.0
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2
 	github.com/google/gopacket v1.1.19
-	github.com/kardianos/service v1.2.2
+	github.com/kardianos/service v1.2.4
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.65
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.68
 	github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.1.2-0.20231115102856-9078ad6b9d4b
 	github.com/nbrownus/go-metrics-prometheus v0.0.0-20210712211119-974a6260965f
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
 	github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics v0.0.0-20201227073835-cf1acfcdf475
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3
 	github.com/skip2/go-qrcode v0.0.0-20200617195104-da1b6568686e
 	github.com/stefanberger/go-pkcs11uri v0.0.0-20230803200340-78284954bff6
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.37.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230725093048-515e97ebf090
-	golang.org/x/net v0.39.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.45.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.13.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.32.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.31.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.36.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230325221338-052af4a8072b
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20240423190808-9d7a357edefe
 )
@@ -43,11 +43,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.66.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.16.1 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.30.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/flynn/noise v1.1.0 h1:KjPQoQCEFdZDiP03phOvGi11+SVVhBG2wOWAorLsstg=
 github.com/flynn/noise v1.1.0/go.mod h1:xbMo+0i6+IGbYdJhF31t2eR1BIU0CYc12+BNAKwUTag=
-github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.20.4 h1:Ik47r1fy3jRVU+1eYzKSW3ho2UgBVTVnUS8O993584U=
+github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.25.0 h1:eqiokVPqM3F94vJ0bTHXHtH91S8zkKL+bKh+BsGOsJM=
-github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.20.4/go.mod h1:cEed+ge8dalcbpi8wtS9x9m2hn/fNJH5suhdGQOHnYk=
+github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.25.0/go.mod h1:GREWQfTLRWz/c5FTOsIw+KkscuFkIV5t8Rp7Nd1Td5c=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.9.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-kit/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:zbhenjAZHb184qTLMA9ZjW7ThYL0H2mk7Q6pNt4vbaY=
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.10/go.mod h1:KdQUCv79m/52Kvf8AW2vK1V8akMuk1QjK/
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.11/go.mod h1:KdQUCv79m/52Kvf8AW2vK1V8akMuk1QjK/uOdHXbAo4=
 github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0/go.mod h1:SYymIcj16QtmaHHD7aYtjjsJG7VTCxuUUipMqKk8s4w=
 github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0/go.mod h1:JR6WtHb+2LUe8TCKY3cZOxFyyO8IZAc4RVcycCCAKdM=
-github.com/kardianos/service v1.2.2 h1:ZvePhAHfvo0A7Mftk/tEzqEZ7Q4lgnR8sGz4xu1YX60=
+github.com/kardianos/service v1.2.4 h1:XNlGtZOYNx2u91urOdg/Kfmc+gfmuIo1Dd3rEi2OgBk=
-github.com/kardianos/service v1.2.2/go.mod h1:CIMRFEJVL+0DS1a3Nx06NaMn4Dz63Ng6O7dl0qH0zVM=
+github.com/kardianos/service v1.2.4/go.mod h1:E4V9ufUuY82F7Ztlu1eN9VXWIQxg8NoLQlmFe0MtrXc=
 github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.5.0/go.mod h1:pFxgyoBC7bSaBwPgfKdkLd5X25qrDl4LWUI2bnpBCr8=
 github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+oQHNcck=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 h1:c/Cqfb0r+Yi+JtIEq73FWXVkRonBlf0CRNYc8Zttxdo=
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 h1:RPNrshWIDI6G2gRW9EHilWtl7Z6Sb1BR0xunSBf0SNc=
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0/go.mod h1:9/0rRGxNHcop5bhtWyNeEfOS8JIWk580+fNqagV/RAw=
 github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1/go.mod h1:D8He9yQNgCq6Z5Ld7szi9bcBfOoFv/3dc6xSMkL2PC0=
-github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.65 h1:0+tIPHzUW0GCge7IiK3guGP57VAw7hoPDfApjkMD1Fc=
+github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.68 h1:jsSRkNozw7G/mnmXULynzMNIsgY2dHC8LO6U6Ij2JEA=
-github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.65/go.mod h1:Dzw9769uoKVaLuODMDZz9M6ynFU6Em65csPuoi8G0ck=
+github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.68/go.mod h1:fujopn7TB3Pu3JM69XaawiU0wqjpL9/8xGop5UrTPps=
 github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.1.2-0.20231115102856-9078ad6b9d4b h1:J/AzCvg5z0Hn1rqZUJjpbzALUmkKX0Zwbc/i4fw7Sfk=
 github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.1.2-0.20231115102856-9078ad6b9d4b/go.mod h1:XsNlhZGX73bx86s2hdc/FuaLm2CPZJemRLMA+WTFxgs=
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
@@ -106,24 +106,24 @@ github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.1/go.mod h1:7SWBe2y4D6OKWSNQJUaRYU/AaXP
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.0.0/go.mod h1:db9x61etRT2tGnBNRi70OPL5FsnadC4Ky3P0J6CfImo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.7.1/go.mod h1:PY5Wy2awLA44sXw4AOSfFBetzPP4j5+D6mVACh+pe2M=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0/go.mod h1:Z6t4BnS23TR94PD6BsDNk8yVqroYurpAkEiz0P2BEV0=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0 h1:rb93p9lokFEsctTys46VnV1kLCDpVZ0a/Y92Vm0Zc6Q=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2 h1:Je96obch5RDVy3FDMndoUsjAhG5Edi49h0RJWRi/o0o=
-github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.22.0/go.mod h1:R7ljNsLXhuQXYZYtw6GAE9AZg8Y7vEW5scdCXrWRXC0=
+github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2/go.mod h1:Tb1a6LWHB3/SPIzCoaDXI4I8UHKeFTEQ1YCr+0Gyqmg=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910/go.mod h1:MbSGuTsp3dbXC40dX6PRTWyKYBIrTGTE9sqQNg2J8bo=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20190129233127-fd36f4220a90/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
 github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0/go.mod h1:xMI15A0UPsDsEKsMN9yxemIoYk6Tm2C1GtYGdfGttqA=
-github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 h1:ZKSh/rekM+n3CeS952MLRAdFwIKqeY8b62p8ais2e9E=
+github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 h1:oBsgwpGs7iVziMvrGhE53c/GrLUsZdHnqNwqPLxwZyk=
-github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1/go.mod h1:OrxVMOVHjw3lKMa8+x6HeMGkHMQyHDk9E3jmP2AmGiY=
+github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2/go.mod h1:y3m2F6Gdpfy6Ut/GBsUqTWZqCUvMVzSfMLjcu6wAwpE=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.4.1/go.mod h1:TNfzLD0ON7rHzMJeJkieUDPYmFC7Snx/y86RQel1bk4=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.10.0/go.mod h1:Tlit/dnDKsSWFlCLTWaA1cyBgKHSMdTB80sz/V91rCo=
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.26.0/go.mod h1:M7rCNAaPfAosfx8veZJCuw84e35h3Cfd9VFqTh1DIvc=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0 h1:xasJaQlnWAeyHdUBeGjXmutelfJHWMRr+Fg4QszZ2Io=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.66.1 h1:h5E0h5/Y8niHc5DlaLlWLArTQI7tMrsfQjHV+d9ZoGs=
-github.com/prometheus/common v0.62.0/go.mod h1:vyBcEuLSvWos9B1+CyL7JZ2up+uFzXhkqml0W5zIY1I=
+github.com/prometheus/common v0.66.1/go.mod h1:gcaUsgf3KfRSwHY4dIMXLPV0K/Wg1oZ8+SbZk/HH/dA=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.0-20181005140218-185b4288413d/go.mod h1:c3At6R/oaqEKCNdg8wHV1ftS6bRYblBhIjjI8uT2IGk=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.2/go.mod h1:TjEm7ze935MbeOT/UhFTIMYKhuLP4wbCsTZCD3I8kEA=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.1.3/go.mod h1:lV6e/gmhEcM9IjHGsFOCxxuZ+z1YqCvr4OA4YeYWdaU=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.6.0/go.mod h1:cz+aTbrPOrUb4q7XlbU9ygM+/jj0fzG6c1xBZuNvfVA=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 h1:YagwOFzUgYfKKHX6Dr+sHT7km/hxC76UB0learggepc=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.16.1 h1:hZ15bTNuirocR6u0JZ6BAHHmwS1p8B4P6MRqxtzMyRg=
-github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1/go.mod h1:fB45yRUv8NstnjriLhBQLuOUt+WW4BsoGhij/e3PBqk=
+github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.16.1/go.mod h1:teAbpZRB1iIAJYREa1LsoWUXykVXA1KlTmWl8x/U+Is=
 github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics v0.0.0-20201227073835-cf1acfcdf475 h1:N/ElC8H3+5XpJzTSTfLsJV/mx9Q9g7kxmchpfZyxgzM=
 github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics v0.0.0-20201227073835-cf1acfcdf475/go.mod h1:bCqnVzQkZxMG4s8nGwiZ5l3QUCyqpo9Y+/ZMZ9VjZe4=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.10.0 h1:TMyTOH3F/DB16zRVcYyreMH6GnZZrwQVAoYjRBZyWFQ=
@@ -143,29 +143,33 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXf
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UVUgZn+9EI=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0/go.mod h1:j7eGeouHqKxXV5pUuKE4zz7dFj8WfuZ+81PSLYec5m4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 h1:Xv5erBjTwe/5IxqUQTdXv5kgmIvbHo3QQyRwhJsOfJA=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1/go.mod h1:wZwfW3scLgRK+23gO65QZefKpKQRnfz6sD981Nm4B6U=
 github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1 h1:3AEMt62VKqz90r0tmNhog0r/PpWKmrEShJU0wJW6bV0=
 github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1/go.mod h1:ARtKouGSTGchR8aMwmkzC0qiNPrrWO5JS/XMVl45+b4=
 github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 h1:DfiHV+j8bA32MFM7bfEunvT8IAqQ/NzSJHtcmW5zdEY=
 github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5/go.mod h1:SpkAiCQRtJ6TvvxPnOSyH3BMl6unz3xZlaprSwhNNJM=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.27/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.2.1/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
+go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
+go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2 h1:DzmwEr2rDGHl7lsFgAHxmNz/1NlQ7xLIrlN2h5d1eGI=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2/go.mod h1:081UH+NErpNdqlCXm3TtEran0rJZGxAYx9hb/ELlsPU=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20180904163835-0709b304e793/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210322153248-0c34fe9e7dc2/go.mod h1:T9bdIzuCu7OtxOm1hfPfRQxPLYneinmdGuTeoZ9dtd4=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.37.0 h1:kJNSjF/Xp7kU0iB2Z+9viTPMW4EqqsrywMXLJOOsXSE=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0 h1:dduJYIi3A3KOfdGOHX8AVZ/jGiyPa3IbBozJ5kNuE04=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.37.0/go.mod h1:vg+k43peMZ0pUMhYmVAWysMK35e6ioLh3wB8ZCAfbVc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0/go.mod h1:BFbav4mRNlXJL4wNeejLpWxB7wMbc79PdRGhWKncxR0=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230725093048-515e97ebf090 h1:Di6/M8l0O2lCLc6VVRWhgCiApHV8MnQurBnFSHsQtNY=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230725093048-515e97ebf090/go.mod h1:FXUEEKJgO7OQYeo8N01OfiKP8RXMtf6e8aTskBGqWdc=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20200302205851-738671d3881b/go.mod h1:3xt1FjdF8hUf6vQPIChWIBhFzV8gjjsPE/fR3IyQdNY=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.1.1-0.20191105210325-c90efee705ee/go.mod h1:QqPTAvyqsEbceGzBzNggFXnrqF1CaUcvgkdR5Ot7KZg=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.2.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.3.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0 h1:Zb7khfcRGKk+kqfxFaP5tZqCnDZMjC5VtUBs87Hr6QM=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0 h1:ZfthKaKaT4NrhGVZHO1/WDTwGES4De8KtWO0SIbNJMU=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.23.0/go.mod h1:6SkKJ3Xj0I0BrPOZoBy3bdMptDDU9oJrpohJ3eWZ1fY=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.24.0/go.mod h1:IXM97Txy2VM4PJ3gI61r1YEk/gAj6zAHN3AdZt6S9Ww=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180724234803-3673e40ba225/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20181114220301-adae6a3d119a/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190108225652-1e06a53dbb7e/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
@@ -176,8 +180,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200625001655-4c5254603344/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81Ro3o1hOxt32SMVPicZroKQ2sZA=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.39.0 h1:ZCu7HMWDxpXpaiKdhzIfaltL9Lp31x/3fCP11bc6/fY=
+golang.org/x/net v0.45.0 h1:RLBg5JKixCy82FtLJpeNlVM0nrSqpCRYzVU1n8kj0tM=
-golang.org/x/net v0.39.0/go.mod h1:X7NRbYVEA+ewNkCNyJ513WmMdQ3BineSwVtN2zD/d+E=
+golang.org/x/net v0.45.0/go.mod h1:ECOoLqd5U3Lhyeyo/QDCEVQ4sNgYsqvCZ722XogGieY=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181221193216-37e7f081c4d4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -185,8 +189,8 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201207232520-09787c993a3a/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.13.0 h1:AauUjRAJ9OSnvULf/ARrrVywoJDy0YS2AwQ98I37610=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 h1:l60nONMj9l5drqw6jlhIELNv9I0A4OFgRsG9k2oT9Ug=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.13.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180905080454-ebe1bf3edb33/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181116152217-5ac8a444bdc5/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
@@ -197,18 +201,17 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200323222414-85ca7c5b95cd/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200615200032-f1bc736245b1/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200625212154-ddb9806d33ae/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201015000850-e3ed0017c211/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210124154548-22da62e12c0c/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210603081109-ebe580a85c40/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.32.0 h1:s77OFDvIQeibCmezSnk/q6iAfkdiQaJi4VzroCFrN20=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0 h1:fdNQudmxPjkdUTPnLn5mdQv7Zwvbvpaxqs831goi9kQ=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.32.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/term v0.31.0 h1:erwDkOK1Msy6offm1mOgvspSkslFnIGsFnxOKoufg3o=
+golang.org/x/term v0.36.0 h1:zMPR+aF8gfksFprF/Nc/rd1wRS1EI6nDBGyWAvDzx2Q=
-golang.org/x/term v0.31.0/go.mod h1:R4BeIy7D95HzImkxGkTW1UQTtP54tio2RyHz7PwK0aw=
+golang.org/x/term v0.36.0/go.mod h1:Qu394IJq6V6dCBRgwqshf3mPF85AqzYEzofzRdZkWss=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
@@ -219,8 +222,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtn
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200130002326-2f3ba24bd6e7/go.mod h1:TB2adYChydJhpapKDTa4BR/hXlZSLoq2Wpct/0txZ28=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20210106214847-113979e3529a/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.30.0 h1:BgcpHewrV5AUp2G9MebG4XPFI1E2W41zU1SaqVA9vJY=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0 h1:4qz2S3zmRxbGIhDIAgjxvFutSvH5EfnsYrRBj0UI0bc=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.30.0/go.mod h1:c347cR/OJfw5TI+GfX7RUPNMdDRRbjvYTS0jPyvsVtY=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.33.0/go.mod h1:CIJMaWEY88juyUfo7UbgPqbC8rU2OqfAV1h2Qp0oMYI=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@@ -239,8 +242,8 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.20.1-0.20200309200217-e05f789c0967/go.mod h1:A+miE
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.21.0/go.mod h1:47Nbq4nVaFHyn7ilMalzfO3qCViNmqZ2kzikPIcrTAo=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.0/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2l/sGQquU=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6 h1:z1NpPI8ku2WgiWnf+t9wTPsn6eP1L7ksHUlkfLvd9xY=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8 h1:xHScyCOEuuwZEc6UtSOvPbAT4zRh0xcNRYekJwfqyMc=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6/go.mod h1:jduwjTPXsFjZGTmRluh+L6NjiWu7pchiJ2/5YcXBHnY=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8/go.mod h1:fuxRtAxBytpl4zzqUh6/eyUujkJdNiuEkXntxiD/uRU=
 gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLkstjWtayDeSgw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=

handshake_ix.go

@@ -183,17 +183,18 @@ func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, packet
 		return
 	}
 
-	var vpnAddrs []netip.Addr
-	var filteredNetworks []netip.Prefix
 	certName := remoteCert.Certificate.Name()
 	certVersion := remoteCert.Certificate.Version()
 	fingerprint := remoteCert.Fingerprint
 	issuer := remoteCert.Certificate.Issuer()
+	vpnNetworks := remoteCert.Certificate.Networks()
 
-	for _, network := range remoteCert.Certificate.Networks() {
+	anyVpnAddrsInCommon := false
+	vpnAddrs := make([]netip.Addr, len(vpnNetworks))
+	for i, network := range vpnNetworks {
 		vpnAddr := network.Addr()
 		if f.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(vpnAddr) {
-			f.l.WithField("vpnAddr", vpnAddr).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
+			f.l.WithField("vpnNetworks", vpnNetworks).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
 				WithField("certName", certName).
 				WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
 				WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
@@ -201,24 +202,10 @@ func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, packet
 				WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"}).Error("Refusing to handshake with myself")
 			return
 		}
-
+		vpnAddrs[i] = network.Addr()
-		// vpnAddrs outside our vpn networks are of no use to us, filter them out
+		if f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(vpnAddr) {
-		if !f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(vpnAddr) {
+			anyVpnAddrsInCommon = true
-			continue
 		}
-
-		filteredNetworks = append(filteredNetworks, network)
-		vpnAddrs = append(vpnAddrs, vpnAddr)
-	}
-
-	if len(vpnAddrs) == 0 {
-		f.l.WithError(err).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
-			WithField("certName", certName).
-			WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
-			WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
-			WithField("issuer", issuer).
-			WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"}).Error("No usable vpn addresses from host, refusing handshake")
-		return
 	}
 
 	if addr.IsValid() {
@@ -255,26 +242,30 @@ func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, packet
 		},
 	}
 
-	f.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
+	msgRxL := f.l.WithFields(m{
-		WithField("certName", certName).
+		"vpnAddrs":       vpnAddrs,
-		WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
+		"udpAddr":        addr,
-		WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
+		"certName":       certName,
-		WithField("issuer", issuer).
+		"certVersion":    certVersion,
-		WithField("initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex).WithField("responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex).
+		"fingerprint":    fingerprint,
-		WithField("remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex).WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"}).
+		"issuer":         issuer,
-		Info("Handshake message received")
+		"initiatorIndex": hs.Details.InitiatorIndex,
+		"responderIndex": hs.Details.ResponderIndex,
+		"remoteIndex":    h.RemoteIndex,
+		"handshake":      m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+	})
+
+	if anyVpnAddrsInCommon {
+		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received")
+	} else {
+		//todo warn if not lighthouse or relay?
+		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received, but no vpnNetworks in common.")
+	}
 
 	hs.Details.ResponderIndex = myIndex
 	hs.Details.Cert = cs.getHandshakeBytes(ci.myCert.Version())
 	if hs.Details.Cert == nil {
-		f.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
+		msgRxL.WithField("myCertVersion", ci.myCert.Version()).
-			WithField("certName", certName).
-			WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
-			WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
-			WithField("issuer", issuer).
-			WithField("initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex).WithField("responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex).
-			WithField("remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex).WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"}).
-			WithField("certVersion", ci.myCert.Version()).
 			Error("Unable to handshake with host because no certificate handshake bytes is available")
 		return
 	}
@@ -332,7 +323,7 @@ func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, packet
 
 	hostinfo.remotes = f.lightHouse.QueryCache(vpnAddrs)
 	hostinfo.SetRemote(addr)
-	hostinfo.buildNetworks(filteredNetworks, remoteCert.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
+	hostinfo.buildNetworks(f.myVpnNetworksTable, remoteCert.Certificate.Networks(), remoteCert.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	existing, err := f.handshakeManager.CheckAndComplete(hostinfo, 0, f)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -573,30 +564,17 @@ func ixHandshakeStage2(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, hh *Ha
 		hostinfo.relayState.InsertRelayTo(via.relayHI.vpnAddrs[0])
 	}
 
-	var vpnAddrs []netip.Addr
+	anyVpnAddrsInCommon := false
-	var filteredNetworks []netip.Prefix
+	vpnAddrs := make([]netip.Addr, len(vpnNetworks))
-	for _, network := range vpnNetworks {
+	for i, network := range vpnNetworks {
-		// vpnAddrs outside our vpn networks are of no use to us, filter them out
+		vpnAddrs[i] = network.Addr()
-		vpnAddr := network.Addr()
+		if f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
-		if !f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(vpnAddr) {
+			anyVpnAddrsInCommon = true
-			continue
 		}
-
-		filteredNetworks = append(filteredNetworks, network)
-		vpnAddrs = append(vpnAddrs, vpnAddr)
-	}
-
-	if len(vpnAddrs) == 0 {
-		f.l.WithError(err).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
-			WithField("certName", certName).
-			WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
-			WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
-			WithField("issuer", issuer).
-			WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"}).Error("No usable vpn addresses from host, refusing handshake")
-		return true
 	}
 
 	// Ensure the right host responded
+	// todo is it more correct to see if any of hostinfo.vpnAddrs are in the cert? it should have len==1, but one day it might not?
 	if !slices.Contains(vpnAddrs, hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0]) {
 		f.l.WithField("intendedVpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).WithField("haveVpnNetworks", vpnNetworks).
 			WithField("udpAddr", addr).
@@ -609,6 +587,7 @@ func ixHandshakeStage2(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, hh *Ha
 		f.handshakeManager.DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
 
 		// Create a new hostinfo/handshake for the intended vpn ip
+		//TODO is hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0] always the address to use?
 		f.handshakeManager.StartHandshake(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], func(newHH *HandshakeHostInfo) {
 			// Block the current used address
 			newHH.hostinfo.remotes = hostinfo.remotes
@@ -635,7 +614,7 @@ func ixHandshakeStage2(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, hh *Ha
 	ci.window.Update(f.l, 2)
 
 	duration := time.Since(hh.startTime).Nanoseconds()
-	f.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
+	msgRxL := f.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
 		WithField("certName", certName).
 		WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
 		WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
@@ -643,12 +622,17 @@ func ixHandshakeStage2(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, hh *Ha
 		WithField("initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex).WithField("responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex).
 		WithField("remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex).WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"}).
 		WithField("durationNs", duration).
-		WithField("sentCachedPackets", len(hh.packetStore)).
+		WithField("sentCachedPackets", len(hh.packetStore))
-		Info("Handshake message received")
+	if anyVpnAddrsInCommon {
+		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received")
+	} else {
+		//todo warn if not lighthouse or relay?
+		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received, but no vpnNetworks in common.")
+	}
 
 	// Build up the radix for the firewall if we have subnets in the cert
 	hostinfo.vpnAddrs = vpnAddrs
-	hostinfo.buildNetworks(filteredNetworks, remoteCert.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
+	hostinfo.buildNetworks(f.myVpnNetworksTable, remoteCert.Certificate.Networks(), remoteCert.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	// Complete our handshake and update metrics, this will replace any existing tunnels for the vpnAddrs here
 	f.handshakeManager.Complete(hostinfo, f)

hostmap.go

@@ -212,6 +212,18 @@ func (rs *RelayState) InsertRelay(ip netip.Addr, idx uint32, r *Relay) {
 	rs.relayForByIdx[idx] = r
 }
 
+type NetworkType uint8
+
+const (
+	NetworkTypeUnknown NetworkType = iota
+	// NetworkTypeVPN is a network that overlaps one or more of the vpnNetworks in our certificate
+	NetworkTypeVPN
+	// NetworkTypeVPNPeer is a network that does not overlap one of our networks
+	NetworkTypeVPNPeer
+	// NetworkTypeUnsafe is a network from Certificate.UnsafeNetworks()
+	NetworkTypeUnsafe
+)
+
 type HostInfo struct {
 	remote          netip.AddrPort
 	remotes         *RemoteList
@@ -220,13 +232,11 @@ type HostInfo struct {
 	remoteIndexId   uint32
 	localIndexId    uint32
 
-	// vpnAddrs is a list of vpn addresses assigned to this host that are within our own vpn networks
+	// vpnAddrs is a list of vpn addresses assigned to this host
-	// The host may have other vpn addresses that are outside our
-	// vpn networks but were removed because they are not usable
 	vpnAddrs []netip.Addr
 
-	// networks are both all vpn and unsafe networks assigned to this host
+	// networks is a combination of specific vpn addresses (not prefixes!) and full unsafe networks assigned to this host.
-	networks   *bart.Lite
+	networks   *bart.Table[NetworkType]
 	relayState RelayState
 
 	// HandshakePacket records the packets used to create this hostinfo
@@ -730,19 +740,27 @@ func (i *HostInfo) SetRemoteIfPreferred(hm *HostMap, newRemote netip.AddrPort) b
 	return false
 }
 
-func (i *HostInfo) buildNetworks(networks, unsafeNetworks []netip.Prefix) {
+func (i *HostInfo) buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable *bart.Lite, networks, unsafeNetworks []netip.Prefix) {
 	if len(networks) == 1 && len(unsafeNetworks) == 0 {
-		// Simple case, no CIDRTree needed
+		if myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(networks[0].Addr()) {
-		return
+			return // Simple case, no CIDRTree needed
+		}
 	}
 
-	i.networks = new(bart.Lite)
+	i.networks = new(bart.Table[NetworkType])
 	for _, network := range networks {
-		i.networks.Insert(network)
+		var nwType NetworkType
+		if myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
+			nwType = NetworkTypeVPN
+		} else {
+			nwType = NetworkTypeVPNPeer
+		}
+		nprefix := netip.PrefixFrom(network.Addr(), network.Addr().BitLen())
+		i.networks.Insert(nprefix, nwType)
 	}
 
 	for _, network := range unsafeNetworks {
-		i.networks.Insert(network)
+		i.networks.Insert(network, NetworkTypeUnsafe)
 	}
 }
 

inside.go

@@ -11,19 +11,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 )
 
-func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, nb, out []byte, queue func(netip.AddrPort, int), q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache) bool {
+func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, nb, out []byte, q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache) {
 	err := newPacket(packet, false, fwPacket)
 	if err != nil {
 		if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
 			f.l.WithField("packet", packet).Debugf("Error while validating outbound packet: %s", err)
 		}
-		return false
+		return
 	}
 
 	// Ignore local broadcast packets
 	if f.dropLocalBroadcast {
 		if f.myBroadcastAddrsTable.Contains(fwPacket.RemoteAddr) {
-			return false
+			return
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet
 		}
 		// Otherwise, drop. On linux, we should never see these packets - Linux
 		// routes packets from the nebula addr to the nebula addr through the loopback device.
-		return false
+		return
 	}
 
 	// Ignore multicast packets
 	if f.dropMulticast && fwPacket.RemoteAddr.IsMulticast() {
-		return false
+		return
 	}
 
 	hostinfo, ready := f.getOrHandshakeConsiderRouting(fwPacket, func(hh *HandshakeHostInfo) {
@@ -59,26 +59,26 @@ func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet
 				WithField("fwPacket", fwPacket).
 				Debugln("dropping outbound packet, vpnAddr not in our vpn networks or in unsafe networks")
 		}
-		return false
+		return
 	}
 
 	if !ready {
-		return false
+		return
 	}
 
 	dropReason := f.firewall.Drop(*fwPacket, false, hostinfo, f.pki.GetCAPool(), localCache)
 	if dropReason == nil {
-		return f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, 0, hostinfo.ConnectionState, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, packet, nb, out, queue, q)
+		f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, 0, hostinfo.ConnectionState, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, packet, nb, out, q)
-	}
 
-	f.rejectInside(packet, out, q)
+	} else {
-	if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
+		f.rejectInside(packet, out, q)
-		hostinfo.logger(f.l).
+		if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
-			WithField("fwPacket", fwPacket).
+			hostinfo.logger(f.l).
-			WithField("reason", dropReason).
+				WithField("fwPacket", fwPacket).
-			Debugln("dropping outbound packet")
+				WithField("reason", dropReason).
+				Debugln("dropping outbound packet")
+		}
 	}
-	return false
 }
 
 func (f *Interface) rejectInside(packet []byte, out []byte, q int) {
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func (f *Interface) rejectOutside(packet []byte, ci *ConnectionState, hostinfo *
 		return
 	}
 
-	_ = f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, 0, ci, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, out, nb, packet, nil, q)
+	f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, 0, ci, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, out, nb, packet, q)
 }
 
 // Handshake will attempt to initiate a tunnel with the provided vpn address if it is within our vpn networks. This is a no-op if the tunnel is already established or being established
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ func (f *Interface) sendMessageNow(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubTyp
 		return
 	}
 
-	_ = f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, st, hostinfo.ConnectionState, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, p, nb, out, nil, 0)
+	f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, st, hostinfo.ConnectionState, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, p, nb, out, 0)
 }
 
 // SendMessageToVpnAddr handles real addr:port lookup and sends to the current best known address for vpnAddr
@@ -258,12 +258,12 @@ func (f *Interface) SendMessageToHostInfo(t header.MessageType, st header.Messag
 
 func (f *Interface) send(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType, ci *ConnectionState, hostinfo *HostInfo, p, nb, out []byte) {
 	f.messageMetrics.Tx(t, st, 1)
-	_ = f.sendNoMetrics(t, st, ci, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, p, nb, out, nil, 0)
+	f.sendNoMetrics(t, st, ci, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, p, nb, out, 0)
 }
 
 func (f *Interface) sendTo(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType, ci *ConnectionState, hostinfo *HostInfo, remote netip.AddrPort, p, nb, out []byte) {
 	f.messageMetrics.Tx(t, st, 1)
-	_ = f.sendNoMetrics(t, st, ci, hostinfo, remote, p, nb, out, nil, 0)
+	f.sendNoMetrics(t, st, ci, hostinfo, remote, p, nb, out, 0)
 }
 
 // SendVia sends a payload through a Relay tunnel. No authentication or encryption is done
@@ -331,12 +331,9 @@ func (f *Interface) SendVia(via *HostInfo,
 	f.connectionManager.RelayUsed(relay.LocalIndex)
 }
 
-// sendNoMetrics encrypts and writes/queues an outbound packet. It returns true
+func (f *Interface) sendNoMetrics(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType, ci *ConnectionState, hostinfo *HostInfo, remote netip.AddrPort, p, nb, out []byte, q int) {
-// when the payload has been handed to a caller-provided queue (meaning the
-// caller is responsible for flushing it later).
-func (f *Interface) sendNoMetrics(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType, ci *ConnectionState, hostinfo *HostInfo, remote netip.AddrPort, p, nb, out []byte, queue func(netip.AddrPort, int), q int) bool {
 	if ci.eKey == nil {
-		return false
+		return
 	}
 	useRelay := !remote.IsValid() && !hostinfo.remote.IsValid()
 	fullOut := out
@@ -383,39 +380,32 @@ func (f *Interface) sendNoMetrics(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType
 			WithField("udpAddr", remote).WithField("counter", c).
 			WithField("attemptedCounter", c).
 			Error("Failed to encrypt outgoing packet")
-		return false
+		return
 	}
 
-	dest := remote
+	if remote.IsValid() {
-	if !dest.IsValid() {
+		err = f.writers[q].WriteTo(out, remote)
-		dest = hostinfo.remote
-	}
-
-	if dest.IsValid() {
-		if queue != nil {
-			queue(dest, len(out))
-			return true
-		}
-
-		err = f.writers[q].WriteTo(out, dest)
 		if err != nil {
 			hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).
-				WithField("udpAddr", dest).Error("Failed to write outgoing packet")
+				WithField("udpAddr", remote).Error("Failed to write outgoing packet")
 		}
-		return false
+	} else if hostinfo.remote.IsValid() {
-	}
+		err = f.writers[q].WriteTo(out, hostinfo.remote)
-
-	// Try to send via a relay
-	for _, relayIP := range hostinfo.relayState.CopyRelayIps() {
-		relayHostInfo, relay, err := f.hostMap.QueryVpnAddrsRelayFor(hostinfo.vpnAddrs, relayIP)
 		if err != nil {
-			hostinfo.relayState.DeleteRelay(relayIP)
+			hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).
-			hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithField("relay", relayIP).WithError(err).Info("sendNoMetrics failed to find HostInfo")
+				WithField("udpAddr", remote).Error("Failed to write outgoing packet")
-			continue
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Try to send via a relay
+		for _, relayIP := range hostinfo.relayState.CopyRelayIps() {
+			relayHostInfo, relay, err := f.hostMap.QueryVpnAddrsRelayFor(hostinfo.vpnAddrs, relayIP)
+			if err != nil {
+				hostinfo.relayState.DeleteRelay(relayIP)
+				hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithField("relay", relayIP).WithError(err).Info("sendNoMetrics failed to find HostInfo")
+				continue
+			}
+			f.SendVia(relayHostInfo, relay, out, nb, fullOut[:header.Len+len(out)], true)
+			break
 		}
-		f.SendVia(relayHostInfo, relay, out, nb, fullOut[:header.Len+len(out)], true)
-		break
 	}
-
-	return false
 }

interface.go

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
 	"runtime"
-	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
@@ -18,22 +18,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/firewall"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
 )
 
-const (
+const mtu = 9001
-	mtu = 9001
-
-	inboundBatchSizeDefault      = 128
-	outboundBatchSizeDefault     = 64
-	batchFlushIntervalDefault    = 12 * time.Microsecond
-	maxOutstandingBatchesDefault = 8
-	sendBatchSizeDefault         = 64
-	maxPendingPacketsDefault     = 32
-	maxPendingBytesDefault       = 64 * 1024
-	maxSendBufPerRoutineDefault  = 16
-)
 
 type InterfaceConfig struct {
 	HostMap            *HostMap
@@ -59,20 +47,9 @@ type InterfaceConfig struct {
 	reQueryWait     time.Duration
 
 	ConntrackCacheTimeout time.Duration
-	BatchConfig           BatchConfig
 	l                     *logrus.Logger
 }
 
-type BatchConfig struct {
-	InboundBatchSize      int
-	OutboundBatchSize     int
-	FlushInterval         time.Duration
-	MaxOutstandingPerChan int
-	MaxPendingPackets     int
-	MaxPendingBytes       int
-	MaxSendBuffersPerChan int
-}
-
 type Interface struct {
 	hostMap               *HostMap
 	outside               udp.Conn
@@ -110,165 +87,12 @@ type Interface struct {
 
 	writers []udp.Conn
 	readers []io.ReadWriteCloser
-	wg      sync.WaitGroup
 
 	metricHandshakes    metrics.Histogram
 	messageMetrics      *MessageMetrics
 	cachedPacketMetrics *cachedPacketMetrics
 
 	l *logrus.Logger
-
-	inPool  sync.Pool
-	inbound []chan *packetBatch
-
-	outPool  sync.Pool
-	outbound []chan *outboundBatch
-
-	packetBatchPool   sync.Pool
-	outboundBatchPool sync.Pool
-
-	sendPool      sync.Pool
-	sendBufCache  [][]*[]byte
-	sendBatchSize int
-
-	inboundBatchSize      int
-	outboundBatchSize     int
-	batchFlushInterval    time.Duration
-	maxOutstandingPerChan int
-	maxPendingPackets     int
-	maxPendingBytes       int
-	maxSendBufPerRoutine  int
-}
-
-type outboundSend struct {
-	buf    *[]byte
-	length int
-	addr   netip.AddrPort
-}
-
-type packetBatch struct {
-	packets []*packet.Packet
-}
-
-func newPacketBatch(capacity int) *packetBatch {
-	return &packetBatch{
-		packets: make([]*packet.Packet, 0, capacity),
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *packetBatch) add(p *packet.Packet) {
-	b.packets = append(b.packets, p)
-}
-
-func (b *packetBatch) reset() {
-	for i := range b.packets {
-		b.packets[i] = nil
-	}
-	b.packets = b.packets[:0]
-}
-
-func (f *Interface) getPacketBatch() *packetBatch {
-	if v := f.packetBatchPool.Get(); v != nil {
-		b := v.(*packetBatch)
-		b.reset()
-		return b
-	}
-	return newPacketBatch(f.inboundBatchSize)
-}
-
-func (f *Interface) releasePacketBatch(b *packetBatch) {
-	b.reset()
-	f.packetBatchPool.Put(b)
-}
-
-type outboundBatch struct {
-	payloads []*[]byte
-}
-
-func newOutboundBatch(capacity int) *outboundBatch {
-	return &outboundBatch{payloads: make([]*[]byte, 0, capacity)}
-}
-
-func (b *outboundBatch) add(buf *[]byte) {
-	b.payloads = append(b.payloads, buf)
-}
-
-func (b *outboundBatch) reset() {
-	for i := range b.payloads {
-		b.payloads[i] = nil
-	}
-	b.payloads = b.payloads[:0]
-}
-
-func (f *Interface) getOutboundBatch() *outboundBatch {
-	if v := f.outboundBatchPool.Get(); v != nil {
-		b := v.(*outboundBatch)
-		b.reset()
-		return b
-	}
-	return newOutboundBatch(f.outboundBatchSize)
-}
-
-func (f *Interface) releaseOutboundBatch(b *outboundBatch) {
-	b.reset()
-	f.outboundBatchPool.Put(b)
-}
-
-func (f *Interface) getSendBuffer(q int) *[]byte {
-	cache := f.sendBufCache[q]
-	if n := len(cache); n > 0 {
-		buf := cache[n-1]
-		f.sendBufCache[q] = cache[:n-1]
-		*buf = (*buf)[:0]
-		return buf
-	}
-	if v := f.sendPool.Get(); v != nil {
-		buf := v.(*[]byte)
-		*buf = (*buf)[:0]
-		return buf
-	}
-	b := make([]byte, mtu)
-	return &b
-}
-
-func (f *Interface) releaseSendBuffer(q int, buf *[]byte) {
-	if buf == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	*buf = (*buf)[:0]
-	cache := f.sendBufCache[q]
-	if len(cache) < f.maxSendBufPerRoutine {
-		f.sendBufCache[q] = append(cache, buf)
-		return
-	}
-	f.sendPool.Put(buf)
-}
-
-func (f *Interface) flushSendQueue(q int, pending *[]outboundSend, pendingBytes *int) {
-	if len(*pending) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	batch := make([]udp.BatchPacket, len(*pending))
-	for i, entry := range *pending {
-		batch[i] = udp.BatchPacket{
-			Payload: (*entry.buf)[:entry.length],
-			Addr:    entry.addr,
-		}
-	}
-
-	sent, err := f.writers[q].WriteBatch(batch)
-	if err != nil {
-		f.l.WithError(err).WithField("sent", sent).Error("Failed to batch send packets")
-	}
-
-	for _, entry := range *pending {
-		f.releaseSendBuffer(q, entry.buf)
-	}
-	*pending = (*pending)[:0]
-	if pendingBytes != nil {
-		*pendingBytes = 0
-	}
 }
 
 type EncWriter interface {
@@ -338,29 +162,6 @@ func NewInterface(ctx context.Context, c *InterfaceConfig) (*Interface, error) {
 	}
 
 	cs := c.pki.getCertState()
-
-	bc := c.BatchConfig
-	if bc.InboundBatchSize <= 0 {
-		bc.InboundBatchSize = inboundBatchSizeDefault
-	}
-	if bc.OutboundBatchSize <= 0 {
-		bc.OutboundBatchSize = outboundBatchSizeDefault
-	}
-	if bc.FlushInterval <= 0 {
-		bc.FlushInterval = batchFlushIntervalDefault
-	}
-	if bc.MaxOutstandingPerChan <= 0 {
-		bc.MaxOutstandingPerChan = maxOutstandingBatchesDefault
-	}
-	if bc.MaxPendingPackets <= 0 {
-		bc.MaxPendingPackets = maxPendingPacketsDefault
-	}
-	if bc.MaxPendingBytes <= 0 {
-		bc.MaxPendingBytes = maxPendingBytesDefault
-	}
-	if bc.MaxSendBuffersPerChan <= 0 {
-		bc.MaxSendBuffersPerChan = maxSendBufPerRoutineDefault
-	}
 	ifce := &Interface{
 		pki:                   c.pki,
 		hostMap:               c.HostMap,
@@ -393,49 +194,9 @@ func NewInterface(ctx context.Context, c *InterfaceConfig) (*Interface, error) {
 			dropped: metrics.GetOrRegisterCounter("hostinfo.cached_packets.dropped", nil),
 		},
 
-		inbound:  make([]chan *packetBatch, c.routines),
-		outbound: make([]chan *outboundBatch, c.routines),
-
 		l: c.l,
-
-		inboundBatchSize:      bc.InboundBatchSize,
-		outboundBatchSize:     bc.OutboundBatchSize,
-		batchFlushInterval:    bc.FlushInterval,
-		maxOutstandingPerChan: bc.MaxOutstandingPerChan,
-		maxPendingPackets:     bc.MaxPendingPackets,
-		maxPendingBytes:       bc.MaxPendingBytes,
-		maxSendBufPerRoutine:  bc.MaxSendBuffersPerChan,
-		sendBatchSize:         bc.OutboundBatchSize,
 	}
 
-	for i := 0; i < c.routines; i++ {
-		ifce.inbound[i] = make(chan *packetBatch, ifce.maxOutstandingPerChan)
-		ifce.outbound[i] = make(chan *outboundBatch, ifce.maxOutstandingPerChan)
-	}
-
-	ifce.inPool = sync.Pool{New: func() any {
-		return packet.New()
-	}}
-
-	ifce.outPool = sync.Pool{New: func() any {
-		t := make([]byte, mtu)
-		return &t
-	}}
-
-	ifce.packetBatchPool = sync.Pool{New: func() any {
-		return newPacketBatch(ifce.inboundBatchSize)
-	}}
-
-	ifce.outboundBatchPool = sync.Pool{New: func() any {
-		return newOutboundBatch(ifce.outboundBatchSize)
-	}}
-
-	ifce.sendPool = sync.Pool{New: func() any {
-		buf := make([]byte, mtu)
-		return &buf
-	}}
-	ifce.sendBufCache = make([][]*[]byte, c.routines)
-
 	ifce.tryPromoteEvery.Store(c.tryPromoteEvery)
 	ifce.reQueryEvery.Store(c.reQueryEvery)
 	ifce.reQueryWait.Store(int64(c.reQueryWait))
@@ -448,7 +209,7 @@ func NewInterface(ctx context.Context, c *InterfaceConfig) (*Interface, error) {
 // activate creates the interface on the host. After the interface is created, any
 // other services that want to bind listeners to its IP may do so successfully. However,
 // the interface isn't going to process anything until run() is called.
-func (f *Interface) activate() error {
+func (f *Interface) activate() {
 	// actually turn on tun dev
 
 	addr, err := f.outside.LocalAddr()
@@ -469,44 +230,33 @@ func (f *Interface) activate() error {
 		if i > 0 {
 			reader, err = f.inside.NewMultiQueueReader()
 			if err != nil {
-				return err
+				f.l.Fatal(err)
 			}
 		}
 		f.readers[i] = reader
 	}
 
-	if err = f.inside.Activate(); err != nil {
+	if err := f.inside.Activate(); err != nil {
 		f.inside.Close()
-		return err
+		f.l.Fatal(err)
 	}
-
-	return nil
 }
 
-func (f *Interface) run(c context.Context) (func(), error) {
+func (f *Interface) run() {
+	// Launch n queues to read packets from udp
 	for i := 0; i < f.routines; i++ {
-		// Launch n queues to read packets from udp
-		f.wg.Add(1)
 		go f.listenOut(i)
-
-		// Launch n queues to read packets from tun dev
-		f.wg.Add(1)
-		go f.listenIn(f.readers[i], i)
-
-		// Launch n queues to read packets from tun dev
-		f.wg.Add(1)
-		go f.workerIn(i, c)
-
-		// Launch n queues to read packets from tun dev
-		f.wg.Add(1)
-		go f.workerOut(i, c)
 	}
 
-	return f.wg.Wait, nil
+	// Launch n queues to read packets from tun dev
+	for i := 0; i < f.routines; i++ {
+		go f.listenIn(f.readers[i], i)
+	}
 }
 
 func (f *Interface) listenOut(i int) {
 	runtime.LockOSThread()
+
 	var li udp.Conn
 	if i > 0 {
 		li = f.writers[i]
@@ -514,176 +264,41 @@ func (f *Interface) listenOut(i int) {
 		li = f.outside
 	}
 
-	batch := f.getPacketBatch()
+	ctCache := firewall.NewConntrackCacheTicker(f.conntrackCacheTimeout)
-	lastFlush := time.Now()
+	lhh := f.lightHouse.NewRequestHandler()
+	plaintext := make([]byte, udp.MTU)
+	h := &header.H{}
+	fwPacket := &firewall.Packet{}
+	nb := make([]byte, 12, 12)
 
-	flush := func(force bool) {
+	li.ListenOut(func(fromUdpAddr netip.AddrPort, payload []byte) {
-		if len(batch.packets) == 0 {
+		f.readOutsidePackets(fromUdpAddr, nil, plaintext[:0], payload, h, fwPacket, lhh, nb, i, ctCache.Get(f.l))
-			if force {
-				f.releasePacketBatch(batch)
-			}
-			return
-		}
-
-		f.inbound[i] <- batch
-		batch = f.getPacketBatch()
-		lastFlush = time.Now()
-	}
-
-	err := li.ListenOut(func(fromUdpAddr netip.AddrPort, payload []byte) {
-		p := f.inPool.Get().(*packet.Packet)
-		p.Payload = p.Payload[:mtu]
-		copy(p.Payload, payload)
-		p.Payload = p.Payload[:len(payload)]
-		p.Addr = fromUdpAddr
-		batch.add(p)
-
-		if len(batch.packets) >= f.inboundBatchSize || time.Since(lastFlush) >= f.batchFlushInterval {
-			flush(false)
-		}
 	})
-
-	if len(batch.packets) > 0 {
-		f.inbound[i] <- batch
-	} else {
-		f.releasePacketBatch(batch)
-	}
-
-	if err != nil && !f.closed.Load() {
-		f.l.WithError(err).Error("Error while reading packet inbound packet, closing")
-		//TODO: Trigger Control to close
-	}
-
-	f.l.Debugf("underlay reader %v is done", i)
-	f.wg.Done()
 }
 
 func (f *Interface) listenIn(reader io.ReadWriteCloser, i int) {
 	runtime.LockOSThread()
 
-	batch := f.getOutboundBatch()
+	packet := make([]byte, mtu)
-	lastFlush := time.Now()
+	out := make([]byte, mtu)
+	fwPacket := &firewall.Packet{}
+	nb := make([]byte, 12, 12)
 
-	flush := func(force bool) {
+	conntrackCache := firewall.NewConntrackCacheTicker(f.conntrackCacheTimeout)
-		if len(batch.payloads) == 0 {
-			if force {
-				f.releaseOutboundBatch(batch)
-			}
-			return
-		}
-
-		f.outbound[i] <- batch
-		batch = f.getOutboundBatch()
-		lastFlush = time.Now()
-	}
 
 	for {
-		p := f.outPool.Get().(*[]byte)
+		n, err := reader.Read(packet)
-		*p = (*p)[:mtu]
-		n, err := reader.Read(*p)
 		if err != nil {
-			if !f.closed.Load() {
+			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) && f.closed.Load() {
-				f.l.WithError(err).Error("Error while reading outbound packet, closing")
+				return
-				//TODO: Trigger Control to close
 			}
-			break
+
+			f.l.WithError(err).Error("Error while reading outbound packet")
+			// This only seems to happen when something fatal happens to the fd, so exit.
+			os.Exit(2)
 		}
 
-		*p = (*p)[:n]
+		f.consumeInsidePacket(packet[:n], fwPacket, nb, out, i, conntrackCache.Get(f.l))
-		batch.add(p)
-
-		if len(batch.payloads) >= f.outboundBatchSize || time.Since(lastFlush) >= f.batchFlushInterval {
-			flush(false)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(batch.payloads) > 0 {
-		f.outbound[i] <- batch
-	} else {
-		f.releaseOutboundBatch(batch)
-	}
-
-	f.l.Debugf("overlay reader %v is done", i)
-	f.wg.Done()
-}
-
-func (f *Interface) workerIn(i int, ctx context.Context) {
-	lhh := f.lightHouse.NewRequestHandler()
-	conntrackCache := firewall.NewConntrackCacheTicker(f.conntrackCacheTimeout)
-	fwPacket2 := &firewall.Packet{}
-	nb2 := make([]byte, 12, 12)
-	result2 := make([]byte, mtu)
-	h := &header.H{}
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case batch := <-f.inbound[i]:
-			for _, p := range batch.packets {
-				f.readOutsidePackets(p.Addr, nil, result2[:0], p.Payload, h, fwPacket2, lhh, nb2, i, conntrackCache.Get(f.l))
-				p.Payload = p.Payload[:mtu]
-				f.inPool.Put(p)
-			}
-			f.releasePacketBatch(batch)
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			f.wg.Done()
-			return
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (f *Interface) workerOut(i int, ctx context.Context) {
-	conntrackCache := firewall.NewConntrackCacheTicker(f.conntrackCacheTimeout)
-	fwPacket1 := &firewall.Packet{}
-	nb1 := make([]byte, 12, 12)
-	pending := make([]outboundSend, 0, f.sendBatchSize)
-	pendingBytes := 0
-	maxPendingPackets := f.maxPendingPackets
-	if maxPendingPackets <= 0 {
-		maxPendingPackets = f.sendBatchSize
-	}
-	maxPendingBytes := f.maxPendingBytes
-	if maxPendingBytes <= 0 {
-		maxPendingBytes = f.sendBatchSize * mtu
-	}
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case batch := <-f.outbound[i]:
-			for _, data := range batch.payloads {
-				sendBuf := f.getSendBuffer(i)
-				buf := (*sendBuf)[:0]
-				queue := func(addr netip.AddrPort, length int) {
-					if len(pending) >= maxPendingPackets || pendingBytes+length > maxPendingBytes {
-						f.flushSendQueue(i, &pending, &pendingBytes)
-					}
-					pending = append(pending, outboundSend{
-						buf:    sendBuf,
-						length: length,
-						addr:   addr,
-					})
-					pendingBytes += length
-					if len(pending) >= f.sendBatchSize || pendingBytes >= maxPendingBytes {
-						f.flushSendQueue(i, &pending, &pendingBytes)
-					}
-				}
-				sent := f.consumeInsidePacket(*data, fwPacket1, nb1, buf, queue, i, conntrackCache.Get(f.l))
-				if !sent {
-					f.releaseSendBuffer(i, sendBuf)
-				}
-				*data = (*data)[:mtu]
-				f.outPool.Put(data)
-			}
-			f.releaseOutboundBatch(batch)
-			if len(pending) > 0 {
-				f.flushSendQueue(i, &pending, &pendingBytes)
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			if len(pending) > 0 {
-				f.flushSendQueue(i, &pending, &pendingBytes)
-			}
-			f.wg.Done()
-			return
-		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -836,7 +451,6 @@ func (f *Interface) GetCertState() *CertState {
 func (f *Interface) Close() error {
 	f.closed.Store(true)
 
-	// Release the udp readers
 	for _, u := range f.writers {
 		err := u.Close()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -844,13 +458,6 @@ func (f *Interface) Close() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Release the tun readers
+	// Release the tun device
-	for _, u := range f.readers {
+	return f.inside.Close()
-		err := u.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			f.l.WithError(err).Error("Error while closing tun device")
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
 }

lighthouse.go

@@ -1017,17 +1017,17 @@ func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) resetMeta() *NebulaMeta {
 	return lhh.meta
 }
 
-func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) HandleRequest(rAddr netip.AddrPort, fromVpnAddrs []netip.Addr, p []byte, w EncWriter) {
+func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) HandleRequest(rAddr netip.AddrPort, hostinfo *HostInfo, p []byte, w EncWriter) {
 	n := lhh.resetMeta()
 	err := n.Unmarshal(p)
 	if err != nil {
-		lhh.l.WithError(err).WithField("vpnAddrs", fromVpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", rAddr).
+		lhh.l.WithError(err).WithField("vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", rAddr).
 			Error("Failed to unmarshal lighthouse packet")
 		return
 	}
 
 	if n.Details == nil {
-		lhh.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", fromVpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", rAddr).
+		lhh.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", rAddr).
 			Error("Invalid lighthouse update")
 		return
 	}
@@ -1036,24 +1036,24 @@ func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) HandleRequest(rAddr netip.AddrPort, fromVpnAddrs [
 
 	switch n.Type {
 	case NebulaMeta_HostQuery:
-		lhh.handleHostQuery(n, fromVpnAddrs, rAddr, w)
+		lhh.handleHostQuery(n, hostinfo, rAddr, w)
 
 	case NebulaMeta_HostQueryReply:
-		lhh.handleHostQueryReply(n, fromVpnAddrs)
+		lhh.handleHostQueryReply(n, hostinfo.vpnAddrs)
 
 	case NebulaMeta_HostUpdateNotification:
-		lhh.handleHostUpdateNotification(n, fromVpnAddrs, w)
+		lhh.handleHostUpdateNotification(n, hostinfo, w)
 
 	case NebulaMeta_HostMovedNotification:
 	case NebulaMeta_HostPunchNotification:
-		lhh.handleHostPunchNotification(n, fromVpnAddrs, w)
+		lhh.handleHostPunchNotification(n, hostinfo.vpnAddrs, w)
 
 	case NebulaMeta_HostUpdateNotificationAck:
 		// noop
 	}
 }
 
-func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostQuery(n *NebulaMeta, fromVpnAddrs []netip.Addr, addr netip.AddrPort, w EncWriter) {
+func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostQuery(n *NebulaMeta, hostinfo *HostInfo, addr netip.AddrPort, w EncWriter) {
 	// Exit if we don't answer queries
 	if !lhh.lh.amLighthouse {
 		if lhh.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostQuery(n *NebulaMeta, fromVpnAddrs []neti
 	queryVpnAddr, useVersion, err := n.Details.GetVpnAddrAndVersion()
 	if err != nil {
 		if lhh.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
-			lhh.l.WithField("from", fromVpnAddrs).WithField("details", n.Details).
+			lhh.l.WithField("from", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).WithField("details", n.Details).
 				Debugln("Dropping malformed HostQuery")
 		}
 		return
@@ -1073,7 +1073,7 @@ func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostQuery(n *NebulaMeta, fromVpnAddrs []neti
 	if useVersion == cert.Version1 && queryVpnAddr.Is6() {
 		// this case really shouldn't be possible to represent, but reject it anyway.
 		if lhh.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
-			lhh.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", fromVpnAddrs).WithField("queryVpnAddr", queryVpnAddr).
+			lhh.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).WithField("queryVpnAddr", queryVpnAddr).
 				Debugln("invalid vpn addr for v1 handleHostQuery")
 		}
 		return
@@ -1099,14 +1099,14 @@ func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostQuery(n *NebulaMeta, fromVpnAddrs []neti
 	}
 
 	if err != nil {
-		lhh.l.WithError(err).WithField("vpnAddrs", fromVpnAddrs).Error("Failed to marshal lighthouse host query reply")
+		lhh.l.WithError(err).WithField("vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).Error("Failed to marshal lighthouse host query reply")
 		return
 	}
 
 	lhh.lh.metricTx(NebulaMeta_HostQueryReply, 1)
-	w.SendMessageToVpnAddr(header.LightHouse, 0, fromVpnAddrs[0], lhh.pb[:ln], lhh.nb, lhh.out[:0])
+	w.SendMessageToHostInfo(header.LightHouse, 0, hostinfo, lhh.pb[:ln], lhh.nb, lhh.out[:0])
 
-	lhh.sendHostPunchNotification(n, fromVpnAddrs, queryVpnAddr, w)
+	lhh.sendHostPunchNotification(n, hostinfo.vpnAddrs, queryVpnAddr, w)
 }
 
 // sendHostPunchNotification signals the other side to punch some zero byte udp packets
@@ -1115,20 +1115,34 @@ func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) sendHostPunchNotification(n *NebulaMeta, fromVpnAd
 	found, ln, err := lhh.lh.queryAndPrepMessage(whereToPunch, func(c *cache) (int, error) {
 		n = lhh.resetMeta()
 		n.Type = NebulaMeta_HostPunchNotification
-		targetHI := lhh.lh.ifce.GetHostInfo(punchNotifDest)
+		punchNotifDestHI := lhh.lh.ifce.GetHostInfo(punchNotifDest)
 		var useVersion cert.Version
-		if targetHI == nil {
+		if punchNotifDestHI == nil {
 			useVersion = lhh.lh.ifce.GetCertState().initiatingVersion
 		} else {
-			crt := targetHI.GetCert().Certificate
-			useVersion = crt.Version()
 			// we can only retarget if we have a hostinfo
-			newDest, ok := findNetworkUnion(crt.Networks(), fromVpnAddrs)
+			punchNotifDestCrt := punchNotifDestHI.GetCert().Certificate
+			useVersion = punchNotifDestCrt.Version()
+			punchNotifDestNetworks := punchNotifDestCrt.Networks()
+
+			//if we (the lighthouse) don't have a network in common with punchNotifDest, try to find one
+			if !lhh.lh.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(punchNotifDest) {
+				newPunchNotifDest, ok := findNetworkUnion(lhh.lh.myVpnNetworks, punchNotifDestHI.vpnAddrs)
+				if ok {
+					punchNotifDest = newPunchNotifDest
+				} else {
+					if lhh.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
+						lhh.l.WithField("to", punchNotifDestNetworks).Debugln("unable to notify host to host, no addresses in common")
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			newWhereToPunch, ok := findNetworkUnion(punchNotifDestNetworks, fromVpnAddrs)
 			if ok {
-				whereToPunch = newDest
+				whereToPunch = newWhereToPunch
 			} else {
 				if lhh.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
-					lhh.l.WithField("to", crt.Networks()).Debugln("unable to punch to host, no addresses in common")
+					lhh.l.WithFields(m{"from": fromVpnAddrs, "to": punchNotifDestNetworks}).Debugln("unable to punch to host, no addresses in common with requestor")
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -1234,7 +1248,8 @@ func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostQueryReply(n *NebulaMeta, fromVpnAddrs [
 	}
 }
 
-func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostUpdateNotification(n *NebulaMeta, fromVpnAddrs []netip.Addr, w EncWriter) {
+func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostUpdateNotification(n *NebulaMeta, hostinfo *HostInfo, w EncWriter) {
+	fromVpnAddrs := hostinfo.vpnAddrs
 	if !lhh.lh.amLighthouse {
 		if lhh.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
 			lhh.l.Debugln("I am not a lighthouse, do not take host updates: ", fromVpnAddrs)
@@ -1302,7 +1317,7 @@ func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostUpdateNotification(n *NebulaMeta, fromVp
 	}
 
 	lhh.lh.metricTx(NebulaMeta_HostUpdateNotificationAck, 1)
-	w.SendMessageToVpnAddr(header.LightHouse, 0, fromVpnAddrs[0], lhh.pb[:ln], lhh.nb, lhh.out[:0])
+	w.SendMessageToHostInfo(header.LightHouse, 0, hostinfo, lhh.pb[:ln], lhh.nb, lhh.out[:0])
 }
 
 func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostPunchNotification(n *NebulaMeta, fromVpnAddrs []netip.Addr, w EncWriter) {

lighthouse_test.go

@@ -132,8 +132,13 @@ func BenchmarkLighthouseHandleRequest(b *testing.B) {
 	)
 
 	mw := &mockEncWriter{}
-
+	hostinfo := &HostInfo{
-	hi := []netip.Addr{vpnIp2}
+		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{
+			eKey: nil,
+			dKey: nil,
+		},
+		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{vpnIp2},
+	}
 	b.Run("notfound", func(b *testing.B) {
 		lhh := lh.NewRequestHandler()
 		req := &NebulaMeta{
@@ -146,7 +151,7 @@ func BenchmarkLighthouseHandleRequest(b *testing.B) {
 		p, err := req.Marshal()
 		require.NoError(b, err)
 		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-			lhh.HandleRequest(rAddr, hi, p, mw)
+			lhh.HandleRequest(rAddr, hostinfo, p, mw)
 		}
 	})
 	b.Run("found", func(b *testing.B) {
@@ -162,7 +167,7 @@ func BenchmarkLighthouseHandleRequest(b *testing.B) {
 		require.NoError(b, err)
 
 		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-			lhh.HandleRequest(rAddr, hi, p, mw)
+			lhh.HandleRequest(rAddr, hostinfo, p, mw)
 		}
 	})
 }
@@ -326,7 +331,14 @@ func newLHHostRequest(fromAddr netip.AddrPort, myVpnIp, queryVpnIp netip.Addr, l
 	w := &testEncWriter{
 		metaFilter: &filter,
 	}
-	lhh.HandleRequest(fromAddr, []netip.Addr{myVpnIp}, b, w)
+	hostinfo := &HostInfo{
+		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{
+			eKey: nil,
+			dKey: nil,
+		},
+		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{myVpnIp},
+	}
+	lhh.HandleRequest(fromAddr, hostinfo, b, w)
 	return w.lastReply
 }
 
@@ -355,9 +367,15 @@ func newLHHostUpdate(fromAddr netip.AddrPort, vpnIp netip.Addr, addrs []netip.Ad
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
-
+	hostinfo := &HostInfo{
+		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{
+			eKey: nil,
+			dKey: nil,
+		},
+		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{vpnIp},
+	}
 	w := &testEncWriter{}
-	lhh.HandleRequest(fromAddr, []netip.Addr{vpnIp}, b, w)
+	lhh.HandleRequest(fromAddr, hostinfo, b, w)
 }
 
 type testLhReply struct {

main.go

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, logger *logrus.Logg
 
 		for i := 0; i < routines; i++ {
 			l.Infof("listening on %v", netip.AddrPortFrom(listenHost, uint16(port)))
-			udpServer, err := udp.NewListener(l, listenHost, port, routines > 1, c.GetInt("listen.batch", 128))
+			udpServer, err := udp.NewListener(l, listenHost, port, routines > 1, c.GetInt("listen.batch", 64))
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, util.NewContextualError("Failed to open udp listener", m{"queue": i}, err)
 			}
@@ -221,16 +221,6 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, logger *logrus.Logg
 		}
 	}
 
-	batchCfg := BatchConfig{
-		InboundBatchSize:      c.GetInt("batch.inbound_size", inboundBatchSizeDefault),
-		OutboundBatchSize:     c.GetInt("batch.outbound_size", outboundBatchSizeDefault),
-		FlushInterval:         c.GetDuration("batch.flush_interval", batchFlushIntervalDefault),
-		MaxOutstandingPerChan: c.GetInt("batch.max_outstanding", maxOutstandingBatchesDefault),
-		MaxPendingPackets:     c.GetInt("batch.max_pending_packets", 0),
-		MaxPendingBytes:       c.GetInt("batch.max_pending_bytes", 0),
-		MaxSendBuffersPerChan: c.GetInt("batch.max_send_buffers_per_routine", 0),
-	}
-
 	ifConfig := &InterfaceConfig{
 		HostMap:               hostMap,
 		Inside:                tun,
@@ -252,7 +242,6 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, logger *logrus.Logg
 		relayManager:          NewRelayManager(ctx, l, hostMap, c),
 		punchy:                punchy,
 		ConntrackCacheTimeout: conntrackCacheTimeout,
-		BatchConfig:           batchCfg,
 		l:                     l,
 	}
 
@@ -295,14 +284,14 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, logger *logrus.Logg
 	}
 
 	return &Control{
-		f:                      ifce,
+		ifce,
-		l:                      l,
+		l,
-		ctx:                    ctx,
+		ctx,
-		cancel:                 cancel,
+		cancel,
-		sshStart:               sshStart,
+		sshStart,
-		statsStart:             statsStart,
+		statsStart,
-		dnsStart:               dnsStart,
+		dnsStart,
-		lighthouseStart:        lightHouse.StartUpdateWorker,
+		lightHouse.StartUpdateWorker,
-		connectionManagerStart: connManager.Start,
+		connManager.Start,
 	}, nil
 }

outside.go

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func (f *Interface) readOutsidePackets(ip netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, out []
 		return
 	}
 
-	//f.l.Error("in packet ", h)
+	//l.Error("in packet ", header, packet[HeaderLen:])
 	if ip.IsValid() {
 		if f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(ip.Addr()) {
 			if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (f *Interface) readOutsidePackets(ip netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, out []
 			return
 		}
 
-		lhf.HandleRequest(ip, hostinfo.vpnAddrs, d, f)
+		lhf.HandleRequest(ip, hostinfo, d, f)
 
 		// Fallthrough to the bottom to record incoming traffic
 
@@ -245,7 +245,6 @@ func (f *Interface) handleHostRoaming(hostinfo *HostInfo, udpAddr netip.AddrPort
 			return
 		}
 
-		//TODO: Seems we have a bunch of stuff racing here, since we don't have a lock on hostinfo anymore we announce roaming in bursts
 		hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithField("udpAddr", hostinfo.remote).WithField("newAddr", udpAddr).
 			Info("Host roamed to new udp ip/port.")
 		hostinfo.lastRoam = time.Now()
@@ -471,7 +470,7 @@ func (f *Interface) decryptToTun(hostinfo *HostInfo, messageCounter uint64, out
 
 	out, err = hostinfo.ConnectionState.dKey.DecryptDanger(out, packet[:header.Len], packet[header.Len:], messageCounter, nb)
 	if err != nil {
-		hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).WithField("fwPacket", fwPacket).Error("Failed to decrypt packet")
+		hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).Error("Failed to decrypt packet")
 		return false
 	}
 

overlay/tun.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package overlay
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 
@@ -81,3 +82,41 @@ func prefixToMask(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
 	addr, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(net.CIDRMask(prefix.Bits(), pLen))
 	return addr
 }
+
+func flipBytes(b []byte) []byte {
+	for i := 0; i < len(b); i++ {
+		b[i] ^= 0xFF
+	}
+	return b
+}
+func orBytes(a []byte, b []byte) []byte {
+	ret := make([]byte, len(a))
+	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
+		ret[i] = a[i] | b[i]
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
+func getBroadcast(cidr netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
+	broadcast, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(
+		orBytes(
+			cidr.Addr().AsSlice(),
+			flipBytes(prefixToMask(cidr).AsSlice()),
+		),
+	)
+	return broadcast
+}
+
+func selectGateway(dest netip.Prefix, gateways []netip.Prefix) (netip.Prefix, error) {
+	for _, gateway := range gateways {
+		if dest.Addr().Is4() && gateway.Addr().Is4() {
+			return gateway, nil
+		}
+
+		if dest.Addr().Is6() && gateway.Addr().Is6() {
+			return gateway, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("no gateway found for %v in the list of vpn networks", dest)
+}

overlay/tun_darwin.go

@@ -294,7 +294,6 @@ func (t *tun) activate6(network netip.Prefix) error {
 			Vltime: 0xffffffff,
 			Pltime: 0xffffffff,
 		},
-		//TODO: CERT-V2 should we disable DAD (duplicate address detection) and mark this as a secured address?
 		Flags: _IN6_IFF_NODAD,
 	}
 

overlay/tun_freebsd.go

@@ -501,30 +501,6 @@ func (t *tun) deviceBytes() (o [16]byte) {
 	return
 }
 
-func flipBytes(b []byte) []byte {
-	for i := 0; i < len(b); i++ {
-		b[i] ^= 0xFF
-	}
-	return b
-}
-func orBytes(a []byte, b []byte) []byte {
-	ret := make([]byte, len(a))
-	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
-		ret[i] = a[i] | b[i]
-	}
-	return ret
-}
-
-func getBroadcast(cidr netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
-	broadcast, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(
-		orBytes(
-			cidr.Addr().AsSlice(),
-			flipBytes(prefixToMask(cidr).AsSlice()),
-		),
-	)
-	return broadcast
-}
-
 func addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateway netroute.Addr) error {
 	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.AF_UNSPEC)
 	if err != nil {

overlay/tun_netbsd.go

@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@
 package overlay
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"regexp"
-	"strconv"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 	"unsafe"
@@ -20,11 +19,42 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util"
+	netroute "golang.org/x/net/route"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
-type ifreqDestroy struct {
+const (
-	Name [16]byte
+	SIOCAIFADDR_IN6 = 0x8080696b
-	pad  [16]byte
+	TUNSIFHEAD      = 0x80047442
+	TUNSIFMODE      = 0x80047458
+)
+
+type ifreqAlias4 struct {
+	Name     [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	Addr     unix.RawSockaddrInet4
+	DstAddr  unix.RawSockaddrInet4
+	MaskAddr unix.RawSockaddrInet4
+}
+
+type ifreqAlias6 struct {
+	Name       [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	Addr       unix.RawSockaddrInet6
+	DstAddr    unix.RawSockaddrInet6
+	PrefixMask unix.RawSockaddrInet6
+	Flags      uint32
+	Lifetime   addrLifetime
+}
+
+type ifreq struct {
+	Name [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	data int
+}
+
+type addrLifetime struct {
+	Expire    uint64
+	Preferred uint64
+	Vltime    uint32
+	Pltime    uint32
 }
 
 type tun struct {
@@ -34,40 +64,18 @@ type tun struct {
 	Routes      atomic.Pointer[[]Route]
 	routeTree   atomic.Pointer[bart.Table[routing.Gateways]]
 	l           *logrus.Logger
-
+	f           *os.File
-	io.ReadWriteCloser
+	fd          int
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Close() error {
+var deviceNameRE = regexp.MustCompile(`^tun[0-9]+$`)
-	if t.ReadWriteCloser != nil {
-		if err := t.ReadWriteCloser.Close(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		s, err := syscall.Socket(syscall.AF_INET, syscall.SOCK_DGRAM, syscall.IPPROTO_IP)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer syscall.Close(s)
-
-		ifreq := ifreqDestroy{Name: t.deviceBytes()}
-
-		err = ioctl(uintptr(s), syscall.SIOCIFDESTROY, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifreq)))
-
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
 
 func newTunFromFd(_ *config.C, _ *logrus.Logger, _ int, _ []netip.Prefix) (*tun, error) {
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("newTunFromFd not supported in NetBSD")
 }
 
-var deviceNameRE = regexp.MustCompile(`^tun[0-9]+$`)
-
 func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (*tun, error) {
 	// Try to open tun device
-	var file *os.File
 	var err error
 	deviceName := c.GetString("tun.dev", "")
 	if deviceName == "" {
@@ -77,17 +85,23 @@ func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("a device name in the format of /dev/tunN must be specified")
 	}
 
-	file, err = os.OpenFile("/dev/"+deviceName, os.O_RDWR, 0)
+	fd, err := unix.Open("/dev/"+deviceName, os.O_RDWR, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	err = unix.SetNonblock(fd, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		l.WithError(err).Warn("Failed to set the tun device as nonblocking")
+	}
+
 	t := &tun{
-		ReadWriteCloser: file,
+		f:           os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), ""),
-		Device:          deviceName,
+		fd:          fd,
-		vpnNetworks:     vpnNetworks,
+		Device:      deviceName,
-		MTU:             c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU),
+		vpnNetworks: vpnNetworks,
-		l:               l,
+		MTU:         c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU),
+		l:           l,
 	}
 
 	err = t.reload(c, true)
@@ -105,40 +119,225 @@ func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (
 	return t, nil
 }
 
+func (t *tun) Close() error {
+	if t.f != nil {
+		if err := t.f.Close(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error closing tun file: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// t.f.Close should have handled it for us but let's be extra sure
+		_ = unix.Close(t.fd)
+
+		s, err := syscall.Socket(syscall.AF_INET, syscall.SOCK_DGRAM, syscall.IPPROTO_IP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer syscall.Close(s)
+
+		ifr := ifreq{Name: t.deviceBytes()}
+		err = ioctl(uintptr(s), syscall.SIOCIFDESTROY, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifr)))
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *tun) Read(to []byte) (int, error) {
+	rc, err := t.f.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to get syscall conn for tun: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var errno syscall.Errno
+	var n uintptr
+	err = rc.Read(func(fd uintptr) bool {
+		// first 4 bytes is protocol family, in network byte order
+		head := [4]byte{}
+		iovecs := []syscall.Iovec{
+			{&head[0], 4},
+			{&to[0], uint64(len(to))},
+		}
+
+		n, _, errno = syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_READV, fd, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&iovecs[0])), uintptr(2))
+		if errno.Temporary() {
+			// We got an EAGAIN, EINTR, or EWOULDBLOCK, go again
+			return false
+		}
+		return true
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == syscall.EBADF || err.Error() == "use of closed file" {
+			// Go doesn't export poll.ErrFileClosing but happily reports it to us so here we are
+			// https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/internal/poll/fd_poll_runtime.go#L121
+			return 0, os.ErrClosed
+		}
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to make read call for tun: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if errno != 0 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to make inner read call for tun: %w", errno)
+	}
+
+	// fix bytes read number to exclude header
+	bytesRead := int(n)
+	if bytesRead < 0 {
+		return bytesRead, nil
+	} else if bytesRead < 4 {
+		return 0, nil
+	} else {
+		return bytesRead - 4, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// Write is only valid for single threaded use
+func (t *tun) Write(from []byte) (int, error) {
+	if len(from) <= 1 {
+		return 0, syscall.EIO
+	}
+
+	ipVer := from[0] >> 4
+	var head [4]byte
+	// first 4 bytes is protocol family, in network byte order
+	if ipVer == 4 {
+		head[3] = syscall.AF_INET
+	} else if ipVer == 6 {
+		head[3] = syscall.AF_INET6
+	} else {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unable to determine IP version from packet")
+	}
+
+	rc, err := t.f.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var errno syscall.Errno
+	var n uintptr
+	err = rc.Write(func(fd uintptr) bool {
+		iovecs := []syscall.Iovec{
+			{&head[0], 4},
+			{&from[0], uint64(len(from))},
+		}
+
+		n, _, errno = syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_WRITEV, fd, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&iovecs[0])), uintptr(2))
+		// According to NetBSD documentation for TUN, writes will only return errors in which
+		// this packet will never be delivered so just go on living life.
+		return true
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	if errno != 0 {
+		return 0, errno
+	}
+
+	return int(n) - 4, err
+}
+
 func (t *tun) addIp(cidr netip.Prefix) error {
-	var err error
+	if cidr.Addr().Is4() {
+		var req ifreqAlias4
+		req.Name = t.deviceBytes()
+		req.Addr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
+			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
+			Family: unix.AF_INET,
+			Addr:   cidr.Addr().As4(),
+		}
+		req.DstAddr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
+			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
+			Family: unix.AF_INET,
+			Addr:   cidr.Addr().As4(),
+		}
+		req.MaskAddr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
+			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
+			Family: unix.AF_INET,
+			Addr:   prefixToMask(cidr).As4(),
+		}
 
-	// TODO use syscalls instead of exec.Command
+		s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
-	cmd := exec.Command("/sbin/ifconfig", t.Device, cidr.String(), cidr.Addr().String())
+		if err != nil {
-	t.l.Debug("command: ", cmd.String())
+			return err
-	if err = cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run 'ifconfig': %s", err)
+		defer syscall.Close(s)
+
+		if err := ioctl(uintptr(s), unix.SIOCAIFADDR, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&req))); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun address %s: %s", cidr.Addr(), err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	cmd = exec.Command("/sbin/route", "-n", "add", "-net", cidr.String(), cidr.Addr().String())
+	if cidr.Addr().Is6() {
-	t.l.Debug("command: ", cmd.String())
+		var req ifreqAlias6
-	if err = cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		req.Name = t.deviceBytes()
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run 'route add': %s", err)
+		req.Addr = unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
+			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
+			Family: unix.AF_INET6,
+			Addr:   cidr.Addr().As16(),
+		}
+		req.PrefixMask = unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
+			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
+			Family: unix.AF_INET6,
+			Addr:   prefixToMask(cidr).As16(),
+		}
+		req.Lifetime = addrLifetime{
+			Vltime: 0xffffffff,
+			Pltime: 0xffffffff,
+		}
+
+		s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET6, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer syscall.Close(s)
+
+		if err := ioctl(uintptr(s), SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&req))); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun address %s: %s", cidr.Addr().String(), err)
+		}
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	cmd = exec.Command("/sbin/ifconfig", t.Device, "mtu", strconv.Itoa(t.MTU))
+	return fmt.Errorf("unknown address type %v", cidr)
-	t.l.Debug("command: ", cmd.String())
-	if err = cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run 'ifconfig': %s", err)
-	}
-
-	// Unsafe path routes
-	return t.addRoutes(false)
 }
 
 func (t *tun) Activate() error {
+	mode := int32(unix.IFF_BROADCAST)
+	err := ioctl(uintptr(t.fd), TUNSIFMODE, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&mode)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun device mode: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	v := 1
+	err = ioctl(uintptr(t.fd), TUNSIFHEAD, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&v)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun device head: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = t.doIoctlByName(unix.SIOCSIFMTU, uint32(t.MTU))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun mtu: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
-		err := t.addIp(t.vpnNetworks[i])
+		err = t.addIp(t.vpnNetworks[i])
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
+
+	return t.addRoutes(false)
+}
+
+func (t *tun) doIoctlByName(ctl uintptr, value uint32) error {
+	s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer syscall.Close(s)
+
+	ir := ifreq{Name: t.deviceBytes(), data: int(value)}
+	err = ioctl(uintptr(s), ctl, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ir)))
+	return err
 }
 
 func (t *tun) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
@@ -197,21 +396,23 @@ func (t *tun) NewMultiQueueReader() (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
 
 func (t *tun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
 	routes := *t.Routes.Load()
+
 	for _, r := range routes {
 		if len(r.Via) == 0 || !r.Install {
 			// We don't allow route MTUs so only install routes with a via
 			continue
 		}
 
-		cmd := exec.Command("/sbin/route", "-n", "add", "-net", r.Cidr.String(), t.vpnNetworks[0].Addr().String())
+		err := addRoute(r.Cidr, t.vpnNetworks)
-		t.l.Debug("command: ", cmd.String())
+		if err != nil {
-		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+			retErr := util.NewContextualError("Failed to add route", map[string]any{"route": r}, err)
-			retErr := util.NewContextualError("failed to run 'route add' for unsafe_route", map[string]any{"route": r}, err)
 			if logErrors {
 				retErr.Log(t.l)
 			} else {
 				return retErr
 			}
+		} else {
+			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Added route")
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -224,10 +425,8 @@ func (t *tun) removeRoutes(routes []Route) error {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		//TODO: CERT-V2 is this right?
+		err := delRoute(r.Cidr, t.vpnNetworks)
-		cmd := exec.Command("/sbin/route", "-n", "delete", "-net", r.Cidr.String(), t.vpnNetworks[0].Addr().String())
+		if err != nil {
-		t.l.Debug("command: ", cmd.String())
-		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
 			t.l.WithError(err).WithField("route", r).Error("Failed to remove route")
 		} else {
 			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Removed route")
@@ -242,3 +441,109 @@ func (t *tun) deviceBytes() (o [16]byte) {
 	}
 	return
 }
+
+func addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateways []netip.Prefix) error {
+	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.AF_UNSPEC)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create AF_ROUTE socket: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(sock)
+
+	route := &netroute.RouteMessage{
+		Version: unix.RTM_VERSION,
+		Type:    unix.RTM_ADD,
+		Flags:   unix.RTF_UP | unix.RTF_GATEWAY,
+		Seq:     1,
+	}
+
+	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
+		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
+			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()},
+			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As4()},
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As4()},
+		}
+	} else {
+		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
+			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As16()},
+			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As16()},
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As16()},
+		}
+	}
+
+	data, err := route.Marshal()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, unix.EEXIST) {
+			// Try to do a change
+			route.Type = unix.RTM_CHANGE
+			data, err = route.Marshal()
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage for change: %w", err)
+			}
+			_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
+			return err
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write route.RouteMessage to socket: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func delRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateways []netip.Prefix) error {
+	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.AF_UNSPEC)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create AF_ROUTE socket: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(sock)
+
+	route := netroute.RouteMessage{
+		Version: unix.RTM_VERSION,
+		Type:    unix.RTM_DELETE,
+		Seq:     1,
+	}
+
+	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
+		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
+			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()},
+			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As4()},
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As4()},
+		}
+	} else {
+		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
+			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As16()},
+			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As16()},
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As16()},
+		}
+	}
+
+	data, err := route.Marshal()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage: %w", err)
+	}
+	_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write route.RouteMessage to socket: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

overlay/tun_openbsd.go

@@ -4,23 +4,50 @@
 package overlay
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"regexp"
-	"strconv"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util"
+	netroute "golang.org/x/net/route"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
+const (
+	SIOCAIFADDR_IN6 = 0x8080691a
+)
+
+type ifreqAlias4 struct {
+	Name     [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	Addr     unix.RawSockaddrInet4
+	DstAddr  unix.RawSockaddrInet4
+	MaskAddr unix.RawSockaddrInet4
+}
+
+type ifreqAlias6 struct {
+	Name       [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	Addr       unix.RawSockaddrInet6
+	DstAddr    unix.RawSockaddrInet6
+	PrefixMask unix.RawSockaddrInet6
+	Flags      uint32
+	Lifetime   [2]uint32
+}
+
+type ifreq struct {
+	Name [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	data int
+}
+
 type tun struct {
 	Device      string
 	vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix
@@ -28,48 +55,46 @@ type tun struct {
 	Routes      atomic.Pointer[[]Route]
 	routeTree   atomic.Pointer[bart.Table[routing.Gateways]]
 	l           *logrus.Logger
-
+	f           *os.File
-	io.ReadWriteCloser
+	fd          int
-
 	// cache out buffer since we need to prepend 4 bytes for tun metadata
 	out []byte
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Close() error {
-	if t.ReadWriteCloser != nil {
-		return t.ReadWriteCloser.Close()
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func newTunFromFd(_ *config.C, _ *logrus.Logger, _ int, _ []netip.Prefix) (*tun, error) {
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("newTunFromFd not supported in OpenBSD")
-}
-
 var deviceNameRE = regexp.MustCompile(`^tun[0-9]+$`)
 
+func newTunFromFd(_ *config.C, _ *logrus.Logger, _ int, _ []netip.Prefix) (*tun, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("newTunFromFd not supported in openbsd")
+}
+
 func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (*tun, error) {
+	// Try to open tun device
+	var err error
 	deviceName := c.GetString("tun.dev", "")
 	if deviceName == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("a device name in the format of tunN must be specified")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("a device name in the format of /dev/tunN must be specified")
 	}
-
 	if !deviceNameRE.MatchString(deviceName) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("a device name in the format of tunN must be specified")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("a device name in the format of /dev/tunN must be specified")
 	}
 
-	file, err := os.OpenFile("/dev/"+deviceName, os.O_RDWR, 0)
+	fd, err := unix.Open("/dev/"+deviceName, os.O_RDWR, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	err = unix.SetNonblock(fd, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		l.WithError(err).Warn("Failed to set the tun device as nonblocking")
+	}
+
 	t := &tun{
-		ReadWriteCloser: file,
+		f:           os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), ""),
-		Device:          deviceName,
+		fd:          fd,
-		vpnNetworks:     vpnNetworks,
+		Device:      deviceName,
-		MTU:             c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU),
+		vpnNetworks: vpnNetworks,
-		l:               l,
+		MTU:         c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU),
+		l:           l,
 	}
 
 	err = t.reload(c, true)
@@ -87,6 +112,154 @@ func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (
 	return t, nil
 }
 
+func (t *tun) Close() error {
+	if t.f != nil {
+		if err := t.f.Close(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error closing tun file: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// t.f.Close should have handled it for us but let's be extra sure
+		_ = unix.Close(t.fd)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *tun) Read(to []byte) (int, error) {
+	buf := make([]byte, len(to)+4)
+
+	n, err := t.f.Read(buf)
+
+	copy(to, buf[4:])
+	return n - 4, err
+}
+
+// Write is only valid for single threaded use
+func (t *tun) Write(from []byte) (int, error) {
+	buf := t.out
+	if cap(buf) < len(from)+4 {
+		buf = make([]byte, len(from)+4)
+		t.out = buf
+	}
+	buf = buf[:len(from)+4]
+
+	if len(from) == 0 {
+		return 0, syscall.EIO
+	}
+
+	// Determine the IP Family for the NULL L2 Header
+	ipVer := from[0] >> 4
+	if ipVer == 4 {
+		buf[3] = syscall.AF_INET
+	} else if ipVer == 6 {
+		buf[3] = syscall.AF_INET6
+	} else {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unable to determine IP version from packet")
+	}
+
+	copy(buf[4:], from)
+
+	n, err := t.f.Write(buf)
+	return n - 4, err
+}
+
+func (t *tun) addIp(cidr netip.Prefix) error {
+	if cidr.Addr().Is4() {
+		var req ifreqAlias4
+		req.Name = t.deviceBytes()
+		req.Addr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
+			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
+			Family: unix.AF_INET,
+			Addr:   cidr.Addr().As4(),
+		}
+		req.DstAddr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
+			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
+			Family: unix.AF_INET,
+			Addr:   cidr.Addr().As4(),
+		}
+		req.MaskAddr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
+			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
+			Family: unix.AF_INET,
+			Addr:   prefixToMask(cidr).As4(),
+		}
+
+		s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer syscall.Close(s)
+
+		if err := ioctl(uintptr(s), unix.SIOCAIFADDR, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&req))); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun address %s: %s", cidr.Addr(), err)
+		}
+
+		err = addRoute(cidr, t.vpnNetworks)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set route for vpn network %v: %w", cidr, err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if cidr.Addr().Is6() {
+		var req ifreqAlias6
+		req.Name = t.deviceBytes()
+		req.Addr = unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
+			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
+			Family: unix.AF_INET6,
+			Addr:   cidr.Addr().As16(),
+		}
+		req.PrefixMask = unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
+			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
+			Family: unix.AF_INET6,
+			Addr:   prefixToMask(cidr).As16(),
+		}
+		req.Lifetime[0] = 0xffffffff
+		req.Lifetime[1] = 0xffffffff
+
+		s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET6, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer syscall.Close(s)
+
+		if err := ioctl(uintptr(s), SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&req))); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun address %s: %s", cidr.Addr().String(), err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("unknown address type %v", cidr)
+}
+
+func (t *tun) Activate() error {
+	err := t.doIoctlByName(unix.SIOCSIFMTU, uint32(t.MTU))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun mtu: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
+		err = t.addIp(t.vpnNetworks[i])
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return t.addRoutes(false)
+}
+
+func (t *tun) doIoctlByName(ctl uintptr, value uint32) error {
+	s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer syscall.Close(s)
+
+	ir := ifreq{Name: t.deviceBytes(), data: int(value)}
+	err = ioctl(uintptr(s), ctl, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ir)))
+	return err
+}
+
 func (t *tun) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
 	change, routes, err := getAllRoutesFromConfig(c, t.vpnNetworks, initial)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -124,86 +297,11 @@ func (t *tun) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) addIp(cidr netip.Prefix) error {
-	var err error
-	// TODO use syscalls instead of exec.Command
-	cmd := exec.Command("/sbin/ifconfig", t.Device, cidr.String(), cidr.Addr().String())
-	t.l.Debug("command: ", cmd.String())
-	if err = cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run 'ifconfig': %s", err)
-	}
-
-	cmd = exec.Command("/sbin/ifconfig", t.Device, "mtu", strconv.Itoa(t.MTU))
-	t.l.Debug("command: ", cmd.String())
-	if err = cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run 'ifconfig': %s", err)
-	}
-
-	cmd = exec.Command("/sbin/route", "-n", "add", "-inet", cidr.String(), cidr.Addr().String())
-	t.l.Debug("command: ", cmd.String())
-	if err = cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run 'route add': %s", err)
-	}
-
-	// Unsafe path routes
-	return t.addRoutes(false)
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Activate() error {
-	for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
-		err := t.addIp(t.vpnNetworks[i])
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (t *tun) RoutesFor(ip netip.Addr) routing.Gateways {
 	r, _ := t.routeTree.Load().Lookup(ip)
 	return r
 }
 
-func (t *tun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
-	routes := *t.Routes.Load()
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		if len(r.Via) == 0 || !r.Install {
-			// We don't allow route MTUs so only install routes with a via
-			continue
-		}
-		//TODO: CERT-V2 is this right?
-		cmd := exec.Command("/sbin/route", "-n", "add", "-inet", r.Cidr.String(), t.vpnNetworks[0].Addr().String())
-		t.l.Debug("command: ", cmd.String())
-		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-			retErr := util.NewContextualError("failed to run 'route add' for unsafe_route", map[string]any{"route": r}, err)
-			if logErrors {
-				retErr.Log(t.l)
-			} else {
-				return retErr
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) removeRoutes(routes []Route) error {
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		if !r.Install {
-			continue
-		}
-		//TODO: CERT-V2 is this right?
-		cmd := exec.Command("/sbin/route", "-n", "delete", "-inet", r.Cidr.String(), t.vpnNetworks[0].Addr().String())
-		t.l.Debug("command: ", cmd.String())
-		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-			t.l.WithError(err).WithField("route", r).Error("Failed to remove route")
-		} else {
-			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Removed route")
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (t *tun) Networks() []netip.Prefix {
 	return t.vpnNetworks
 }
@@ -213,43 +311,159 @@ func (t *tun) Name() string {
 }
 
 func (t *tun) NewMultiQueueReader() (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("TODO: multiqueue not implemented for freebsd")
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("TODO: multiqueue not implemented for openbsd")
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Read(to []byte) (int, error) {
+func (t *tun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
-	buf := make([]byte, len(to)+4)
+	routes := *t.Routes.Load()
 
-	n, err := t.ReadWriteCloser.Read(buf)
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		if len(r.Via) == 0 || !r.Install {
+			// We don't allow route MTUs so only install routes with a via
+			continue
+		}
 
-	copy(to, buf[4:])
+		err := addRoute(r.Cidr, t.vpnNetworks)
-	return n - 4, err
+		if err != nil {
+			retErr := util.NewContextualError("Failed to add route", map[string]any{"route": r}, err)
+			if logErrors {
+				retErr.Log(t.l)
+			} else {
+				return retErr
+			}
+		} else {
+			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Added route")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
-// Write is only valid for single threaded use
+func (t *tun) removeRoutes(routes []Route) error {
-func (t *tun) Write(from []byte) (int, error) {
+	for _, r := range routes {
-	buf := t.out
+		if !r.Install {
-	if cap(buf) < len(from)+4 {
+			continue
-		buf = make([]byte, len(from)+4)
+		}
-		t.out = buf
-	}
-	buf = buf[:len(from)+4]
 
-	if len(from) == 0 {
+		err := delRoute(r.Cidr, t.vpnNetworks)
-		return 0, syscall.EIO
+		if err != nil {
+			t.l.WithError(err).WithField("route", r).Error("Failed to remove route")
+		} else {
+			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Removed route")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *tun) deviceBytes() (o [16]byte) {
+	for i, c := range t.Device {
+		o[i] = byte(c)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateways []netip.Prefix) error {
+	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.AF_UNSPEC)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create AF_ROUTE socket: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(sock)
+
+	route := &netroute.RouteMessage{
+		Version: unix.RTM_VERSION,
+		Type:    unix.RTM_ADD,
+		Flags:   unix.RTF_UP | unix.RTF_GATEWAY,
+		Seq:     1,
 	}
 
-	// Determine the IP Family for the NULL L2 Header
+	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-	ipVer := from[0] >> 4
+		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
-	if ipVer == 4 {
+		if err != nil {
-		buf[3] = syscall.AF_INET
+			return err
-	} else if ipVer == 6 {
+		}
-		buf[3] = syscall.AF_INET6
+		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
+			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()},
+			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As4()},
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As4()},
+		}
 	} else {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unable to determine IP version from packet")
+		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
+			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As16()},
+			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As16()},
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As16()},
+		}
 	}
 
-	copy(buf[4:], from)
+	data, err := route.Marshal()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	n, err := t.ReadWriteCloser.Write(buf)
+	_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
-	return n - 4, err
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, unix.EEXIST) {
+			// Try to do a change
+			route.Type = unix.RTM_CHANGE
+			data, err = route.Marshal()
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage for change: %w", err)
+			}
+			_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
+			return err
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write route.RouteMessage to socket: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func delRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateways []netip.Prefix) error {
+	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.AF_UNSPEC)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create AF_ROUTE socket: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(sock)
+
+	route := netroute.RouteMessage{
+		Version: unix.RTM_VERSION,
+		Type:    unix.RTM_DELETE,
+		Seq:     1,
+	}
+
+	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
+		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
+			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()},
+			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As4()},
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As4()},
+		}
+	} else {
+		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
+			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As16()},
+			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As16()},
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As16()},
+		}
+	}
+
+	data, err := route.Marshal()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage: %w", err)
+	}
+	_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write route.RouteMessage to socket: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }

packet/packet.go

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package packet
-
-import "net/netip"
-
-type Packet struct {
-	Payload []byte
-	Addr    netip.AddrPort
-}
-
-func New() *Packet {
-	return &Packet{Payload: make([]byte, 9001)}
-}

service/service.go

@@ -44,10 +44,7 @@ type Service struct {
 }
 
 func New(control *nebula.Control) (*Service, error) {
-	wait, err := control.Start()
+	control.Start()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 
 	ctx := control.Context()
 	eg, ctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
@@ -144,12 +141,6 @@ func New(control *nebula.Control) (*Service, error) {
 		}
 	})
 
-	// Add the nebula wait function to the group
-	eg.Go(func() error {
-		wait()
-		return nil
-	})
-
 	return &s, nil
 }
 

udp/conn.go

@@ -16,18 +16,12 @@ type EncReader func(
 type Conn interface {
 	Rebind() error
 	LocalAddr() (netip.AddrPort, error)
-	ListenOut(r EncReader) error
+	ListenOut(r EncReader)
 	WriteTo(b []byte, addr netip.AddrPort) error
-	WriteBatch(pkts []BatchPacket) (int, error)
 	ReloadConfig(c *config.C)
 	Close() error
 }
 
-type BatchPacket struct {
-	Payload []byte
-	Addr    netip.AddrPort
-}
-
 type NoopConn struct{}
 
 func (NoopConn) Rebind() error {
@@ -36,15 +30,12 @@ func (NoopConn) Rebind() error {
 func (NoopConn) LocalAddr() (netip.AddrPort, error) {
 	return netip.AddrPort{}, nil
 }
-func (NoopConn) ListenOut(_ EncReader) error {
+func (NoopConn) ListenOut(_ EncReader) {
-	return nil
+	return
 }
 func (NoopConn) WriteTo(_ []byte, _ netip.AddrPort) error {
 	return nil
 }
-func (NoopConn) WriteBatch(_ []BatchPacket) (int, error) {
-	return 0, nil
-}
 func (NoopConn) ReloadConfig(_ *config.C) {
 	return
 }

udp/udp_darwin.go

@@ -140,17 +140,6 @@ func (u *StdConn) WriteTo(b []byte, ap netip.AddrPort) error {
 	}
 }
 
-func (u *StdConn) WriteBatch(pkts []BatchPacket) (int, error) {
-	sent := 0
-	for _, pkt := range pkts {
-		if err := u.WriteTo(pkt.Payload, pkt.Addr); err != nil {
-			return sent, err
-		}
-		sent++
-	}
-	return sent, nil
-}
-
 func (u *StdConn) LocalAddr() (netip.AddrPort, error) {
 	a := u.UDPConn.LocalAddr()
 
@@ -176,7 +165,7 @@ func NewUDPStatsEmitter(udpConns []Conn) func() {
 	return func() {}
 }
 
-func (u *StdConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) error {
+func (u *StdConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) {
 	buffer := make([]byte, MTU)
 
 	for {
@@ -185,17 +174,14 @@ func (u *StdConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
 				u.l.WithError(err).Debug("udp socket is closed, exiting read loop")
-				return err
+				return
 			}
 
 			u.l.WithError(err).Error("unexpected udp socket receive error")
-			continue
 		}
 
 		r(netip.AddrPortFrom(rua.Addr().Unmap(), rua.Port()), buffer[:n])
 	}
-
-	return nil
 }
 
 func (u *StdConn) Rebind() error {

udp/udp_generic.go

@@ -42,17 +42,6 @@ func (u *GenericConn) WriteTo(b []byte, addr netip.AddrPort) error {
 	return err
 }
 
-func (u *GenericConn) WriteBatch(pkts []BatchPacket) (int, error) {
-	sent := 0
-	for _, pkt := range pkts {
-		if err := u.WriteTo(pkt.Payload, pkt.Addr); err != nil {
-			return sent, err
-		}
-		sent++
-	}
-	return sent, nil
-}
-
 func (u *GenericConn) LocalAddr() (netip.AddrPort, error) {
 	a := u.UDPConn.LocalAddr()
 
@@ -82,14 +71,15 @@ type rawMessage struct {
 	Len uint32
 }
 
-func (u *GenericConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) error {
+func (u *GenericConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) {
 	buffer := make([]byte, MTU)
 
 	for {
 		// Just read one packet at a time
 		n, rua, err := u.ReadFromUDPAddrPort(buffer)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			u.l.WithError(err).Debug("udp socket is closed, exiting read loop")
+			return
 		}
 
 		r(netip.AddrPortFrom(rua.Addr().Unmap(), rua.Port()), buffer[:n])

udp/udp_linux.go

@@ -5,13 +5,10 @@ package udp
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
-	"sync"
 	"syscall"
-	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics"
@@ -20,40 +17,19 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
-var readTimeout = unix.NsecToTimeval(int64(time.Millisecond * 500))
-
-const (
-	defaultGSOMaxSegments    = 128
-	defaultGSOFlushTimeout   = 80 * time.Microsecond
-	defaultGROReadBufferSize = MTU * defaultGSOMaxSegments
-	maxGSOBatchBytes         = 0xFFFF
-)
-
-var (
-	errGSOFallback = errors.New("udp gso fallback")
-	errGSODisabled = errors.New("udp gso disabled")
-)
-
 type StdConn struct {
 	sysFd int
 	isV4  bool
 	l     *logrus.Logger
 	batch int
+}
 
-	enableGRO bool
+func maybeIPV4(ip net.IP) (net.IP, bool) {
-	enableGSO bool
+	ip4 := ip.To4()
-
+	if ip4 != nil {
-	gsoMu           sync.Mutex
+		return ip4, true
-	gsoBuf          []byte
+	}
-	gsoAddr         netip.AddrPort
+	return ip, false
-	gsoSegSize      int
-	gsoSegments     int
-	gsoMaxSegments  int
-	gsoMaxBytes     int
-	gsoFlushTimeout time.Duration
-	gsoTimer        *time.Timer
-
-	groBufSize int
 }
 
 func NewListener(l *logrus.Logger, ip netip.Addr, port int, multi bool, batch int) (Conn, error) {
@@ -79,11 +55,6 @@ func NewListener(l *logrus.Logger, ip netip.Addr, port int, multi bool, batch in
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Set a read timeout
-	if err = unix.SetsockoptTimeval(fd, unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_RCVTIMEO, &readTimeout); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to set SO_RCVTIMEO: %s", err)
-	}
-
 	var sa unix.Sockaddr
 	if ip.Is4() {
 		sa4 := &unix.SockaddrInet4{Port: port}
@@ -98,16 +69,7 @@ func NewListener(l *logrus.Logger, ip netip.Addr, port int, multi bool, batch in
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to bind to socket: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	return &StdConn{
+	return &StdConn{sysFd: fd, isV4: ip.Is4(), l: l, batch: batch}, err
-		sysFd:           fd,
-		isV4:            ip.Is4(),
-		l:               l,
-		batch:           batch,
-		gsoMaxSegments:  defaultGSOMaxSegments,
-		gsoMaxBytes:     MTU * defaultGSOMaxSegments,
-		gsoFlushTimeout: defaultGSOFlushTimeout,
-		groBufSize:      MTU,
-	}, err
 }
 
 func (u *StdConn) Rebind() error {
@@ -156,46 +118,20 @@ func (u *StdConn) LocalAddr() (netip.AddrPort, error) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (u *StdConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) error {
+func (u *StdConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) {
-	var (
+	var ip netip.Addr
-		ip       netip.Addr
-		controls [][]byte
-	)
 
-	bufSize := u.readBufferSize()
+	msgs, buffers, names := u.PrepareRawMessages(u.batch)
-	msgs, buffers, names := u.PrepareRawMessages(u.batch, bufSize)
 	read := u.ReadMulti
 	if u.batch == 1 {
 		read = u.ReadSingle
 	}
 
 	for {
-		desired := u.readBufferSize()
-		if len(buffers) == 0 || cap(buffers[0]) < desired {
-			msgs, buffers, names = u.PrepareRawMessages(u.batch, desired)
-			controls = nil
-		}
-
-		if u.enableGRO {
-			if controls == nil {
-				controls = make([][]byte, len(msgs))
-				for i := range controls {
-					controls[i] = make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(4))
-				}
-			}
-			for i := range msgs {
-				setRawMessageControl(&msgs[i], controls[i])
-			}
-		} else if controls != nil {
-			for i := range msgs {
-				setRawMessageControl(&msgs[i], nil)
-			}
-			controls = nil
-		}
-
 		n, err := read(msgs)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			u.l.WithError(err).Debug("udp socket is closed, exiting read loop")
+			return
 		}
 
 		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
@@ -205,82 +141,11 @@ func (u *StdConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) error {
 			} else {
 				ip, _ = netip.AddrFromSlice(names[i][8:24])
 			}
-			addr := netip.AddrPortFrom(ip.Unmap(), binary.BigEndian.Uint16(names[i][2:4]))
+			r(netip.AddrPortFrom(ip.Unmap(), binary.BigEndian.Uint16(names[i][2:4])), buffers[i][:msgs[i].Len])
-			payload := buffers[i][:msgs[i].Len]
-
-			if u.enableGRO && u.l.IsLevelEnabled(logrus.DebugLevel) {
-				ctrlLen := getRawMessageControlLen(&msgs[i])
-				msgFlags := getRawMessageFlags(&msgs[i])
-				u.l.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-					"tag":         "gro-debug",
-					"stage":       "recv",
-					"payload_len": len(payload),
-					"ctrl_len":    ctrlLen,
-					"msg_flags":   msgFlags,
-				}).Debug("gro batch data")
-				if controls != nil && ctrlLen > 0 {
-					maxDump := ctrlLen
-					if maxDump > 16 {
-						maxDump = 16
-					}
-					u.l.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-						"tag":         "gro-debug",
-						"stage":       "control-bytes",
-						"control_hex": fmt.Sprintf("%x", controls[i][:maxDump]),
-						"datalen":     ctrlLen,
-					}).Debug("gro control dump")
-				}
-			}
-
-			sawControl := false
-			if controls != nil {
-				if ctrlLen := getRawMessageControlLen(&msgs[i]); ctrlLen > 0 {
-					if segSize, segCount := parseGROControl(controls[i][:ctrlLen]); segSize > 0 {
-						sawControl = true
-						if u.l.IsLevelEnabled(logrus.DebugLevel) {
-							u.l.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-								"tag":        "gro-debug",
-								"stage":      "control",
-								"seg_size":   segSize,
-								"seg_count":  segCount,
-								"payloadLen": len(payload),
-							}).Debug("gro control parsed")
-						}
-						segSize = normalizeGROSegSize(segSize, segCount, len(payload))
-						if segSize > 0 && segSize < len(payload) {
-							if u.emitGROSegments(r, addr, payload, segSize) {
-								continue
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			if u.enableGRO && len(payload) > MTU {
-				if !sawControl && u.l.IsLevelEnabled(logrus.DebugLevel) {
-					u.l.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-						"tag":         "gro-debug",
-						"stage":       "fallback",
-						"payload_len": len(payload),
-					}).Debug("gro control missing; splitting payload by MTU")
-				}
-				if u.emitGROSegments(r, addr, payload, MTU) {
-					continue
-				}
-			}
-
-			r(addr, payload)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (u *StdConn) readBufferSize() int {
-	if u.enableGRO && u.groBufSize > MTU {
-		return u.groBufSize
-	}
-	return MTU
-}
-
 func (u *StdConn) ReadSingle(msgs []rawMessage) (int, error) {
 	for {
 		n, _, err := unix.Syscall6(
@@ -294,9 +159,6 @@ func (u *StdConn) ReadSingle(msgs []rawMessage) (int, error) {
 		)
 
 		if err != 0 {
-			if err == unix.EAGAIN || err == unix.EINTR {
-				continue
-			}
 			return 0, &net.OpError{Op: "recvmsg", Err: err}
 		}
 
@@ -318,9 +180,6 @@ func (u *StdConn) ReadMulti(msgs []rawMessage) (int, error) {
 		)
 
 		if err != 0 {
-			if err == unix.EAGAIN || err == unix.EINTR {
-				continue
-			}
 			return 0, &net.OpError{Op: "recvmmsg", Err: err}
 		}
 
@@ -329,132 +188,12 @@ func (u *StdConn) ReadMulti(msgs []rawMessage) (int, error) {
 }
 
 func (u *StdConn) WriteTo(b []byte, ip netip.AddrPort) error {
-	if u.enableGSO && ip.IsValid() {
-		if err := u.queueGSOPacket(b, ip); err == nil {
-			return nil
-		} else if !errors.Is(err, errGSOFallback) {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
 	if u.isV4 {
 		return u.writeTo4(b, ip)
 	}
 	return u.writeTo6(b, ip)
 }
 
-func (u *StdConn) WriteBatch(pkts []BatchPacket) (int, error) {
-	if len(pkts) == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-
-	msgs := make([]rawMessage, 0, len(pkts))
-	iovs := make([]iovec, 0, len(pkts))
-	names := make([][unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6]byte, 0, len(pkts))
-
-	sent := 0
-
-	for _, pkt := range pkts {
-		if len(pkt.Payload) == 0 {
-			sent++
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if u.enableGSO && pkt.Addr.IsValid() {
-			if err := u.queueGSOPacket(pkt.Payload, pkt.Addr); err == nil {
-				sent++
-				continue
-			} else if !errors.Is(err, errGSOFallback) {
-				return sent, err
-			}
-		}
-
-		if !pkt.Addr.IsValid() {
-			if err := u.WriteTo(pkt.Payload, pkt.Addr); err != nil {
-				return sent, err
-			}
-			sent++
-			continue
-		}
-
-		msgs = append(msgs, rawMessage{})
-		iovs = append(iovs, iovec{})
-		names = append(names, [unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6]byte{})
-
-		idx := len(msgs) - 1
-		msg := &msgs[idx]
-		iov := &iovs[idx]
-		name := &names[idx]
-
-		setIovecSlice(iov, pkt.Payload)
-		msg.Hdr.Iov = iov
-		msg.Hdr.Iovlen = 1
-		setRawMessageControl(msg, nil)
-		msg.Hdr.Flags = 0
-
-		nameLen, err := u.encodeSockaddr(name[:], pkt.Addr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return sent, err
-		}
-		msg.Hdr.Name = &name[0]
-		msg.Hdr.Namelen = nameLen
-	}
-
-	if len(msgs) == 0 {
-		return sent, nil
-	}
-
-	offset := 0
-	for offset < len(msgs) {
-		n, _, errno := unix.Syscall6(
-			unix.SYS_SENDMMSG,
-			uintptr(u.sysFd),
-			uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&msgs[offset])),
-			uintptr(len(msgs)-offset),
-			0,
-			0,
-			0,
-		)
-
-		if errno != 0 {
-			if errno == unix.EINTR {
-				continue
-			}
-			return sent + offset, &net.OpError{Op: "sendmmsg", Err: errno}
-		}
-
-		if n == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-		offset += int(n)
-	}
-
-	return sent + len(msgs), nil
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) encodeSockaddr(dst []byte, addr netip.AddrPort) (uint32, error) {
-	if u.isV4 {
-		if !addr.Addr().Is4() {
-			return 0, fmt.Errorf("Listener is IPv4, but writing to IPv6 remote")
-		}
-		var sa unix.RawSockaddrInet4
-		sa.Family = unix.AF_INET
-		sa.Addr = addr.Addr().As4()
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16((*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.Port))[:], addr.Port())
-		size := unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4
-		copy(dst[:size], (*(*[unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa)))[:])
-		return uint32(size), nil
-	}
-
-	var sa unix.RawSockaddrInet6
-	sa.Family = unix.AF_INET6
-	sa.Addr = addr.Addr().As16()
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16((*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.Port))[:], addr.Port())
-	size := unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6
-	copy(dst[:size], (*(*[unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa)))[:])
-	return uint32(size), nil
-}
-
 func (u *StdConn) writeTo6(b []byte, ip netip.AddrPort) error {
 	var rsa unix.RawSockaddrInet6
 	rsa.Family = unix.AF_INET6
@@ -482,7 +221,7 @@ func (u *StdConn) writeTo6(b []byte, ip netip.AddrPort) error {
 
 func (u *StdConn) writeTo4(b []byte, ip netip.AddrPort) error {
 	if !ip.Addr().Is4() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Listener is IPv4, but writing to IPv6 remote")
+		return ErrInvalidIPv6RemoteForSocket
 	}
 
 	var rsa unix.RawSockaddrInet4
@@ -555,94 +294,6 @@ func (u *StdConn) ReloadConfig(c *config.C) {
 			u.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to set listen.so_mark")
 		}
 	}
-
-	u.configureGRO(c)
-	u.configureGSO(c)
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) configureGRO(c *config.C) {
-	if c == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	enable := c.GetBool("listen.enable_gro", true)
-	if enable == u.enableGRO {
-		if enable {
-			if size := c.GetInt("listen.gro_read_buffer", 0); size > 0 {
-				u.setGROBufferSize(size)
-			}
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	if enable {
-		if err := unix.SetsockoptInt(u.sysFd, unix.SOL_UDP, unix.UDP_GRO, 1); err != nil {
-			u.l.WithError(err).Warn("Failed to enable UDP GRO")
-			return
-		}
-		u.enableGRO = true
-		u.setGROBufferSize(c.GetInt("listen.gro_read_buffer", defaultGROReadBufferSize))
-		u.l.WithField("buffer_size", u.groBufSize).Info("UDP GRO enabled")
-		return
-	}
-
-	if err := unix.SetsockoptInt(u.sysFd, unix.SOL_UDP, unix.UDP_GRO, 0); err != nil && err != unix.ENOPROTOOPT {
-		u.l.WithError(err).Warn("Failed to disable UDP GRO")
-	}
-	u.enableGRO = false
-	u.groBufSize = MTU
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) configureGSO(c *config.C) {
-	enable := c.GetBool("listen.enable_gso", true)
-	if !enable {
-		u.disableGSO()
-	} else {
-		u.enableGSO = true
-	}
-
-	segments := c.GetInt("listen.gso_max_segments", defaultGSOMaxSegments)
-	if segments < 1 {
-		segments = 1
-	}
-	u.gsoMaxSegments = segments
-
-	maxBytes := c.GetInt("listen.gso_max_bytes", 0)
-	if maxBytes <= 0 {
-		maxBytes = MTU * segments
-	}
-	if maxBytes > maxGSOBatchBytes {
-		u.l.WithField("requested", maxBytes).Warn("listen.gso_max_bytes larger than UDP limit; clamping")
-		maxBytes = maxGSOBatchBytes
-	}
-	u.gsoMaxBytes = maxBytes
-
-	timeout := c.GetDuration("listen.gso_flush_timeout", defaultGSOFlushTimeout)
-	if timeout < 0 {
-		timeout = 0
-	}
-	u.gsoFlushTimeout = timeout
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) setGROBufferSize(size int) {
-	if size < MTU {
-		size = defaultGROReadBufferSize
-	}
-	if size > maxGSOBatchBytes {
-		size = maxGSOBatchBytes
-	}
-	u.groBufSize = size
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) disableGSO() {
-	u.gsoMu.Lock()
-	defer u.gsoMu.Unlock()
-	u.enableGSO = false
-	_ = u.flushGSOlocked()
-	u.gsoBuf = nil
-	u.gsoSegments = 0
-	u.gsoSegSize = 0
-	u.stopGSOTimerLocked()
 }
 
 func (u *StdConn) getMemInfo(meminfo *[unix.SK_MEMINFO_VARS]uint32) error {
@@ -654,239 +305,7 @@ func (u *StdConn) getMemInfo(meminfo *[unix.SK_MEMINFO_VARS]uint32) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (u *StdConn) queueGSOPacket(b []byte, addr netip.AddrPort) error {
-	if len(b) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	u.gsoMu.Lock()
-	defer u.gsoMu.Unlock()
-
-	if !u.enableGSO || !addr.IsValid() || len(b) > u.gsoMaxBytes {
-		if err := u.flushGSOlocked(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		return errGSOFallback
-	}
-
-	if u.gsoSegments == 0 {
-		if cap(u.gsoBuf) < u.gsoMaxBytes {
-			u.gsoBuf = make([]byte, 0, u.gsoMaxBytes)
-		}
-		u.gsoAddr = addr
-		u.gsoSegSize = len(b)
-	} else if addr != u.gsoAddr || len(b) != u.gsoSegSize {
-		if err := u.flushGSOlocked(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if cap(u.gsoBuf) < u.gsoMaxBytes {
-			u.gsoBuf = make([]byte, 0, u.gsoMaxBytes)
-		}
-		u.gsoAddr = addr
-		u.gsoSegSize = len(b)
-	}
-
-	if len(u.gsoBuf)+len(b) > u.gsoMaxBytes {
-		if err := u.flushGSOlocked(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if cap(u.gsoBuf) < u.gsoMaxBytes {
-			u.gsoBuf = make([]byte, 0, u.gsoMaxBytes)
-		}
-		u.gsoAddr = addr
-		u.gsoSegSize = len(b)
-	}
-
-	u.gsoBuf = append(u.gsoBuf, b...)
-	u.gsoSegments++
-
-	if u.gsoSegments >= u.gsoMaxSegments || u.gsoFlushTimeout <= 0 {
-		return u.flushGSOlocked()
-	}
-
-	u.scheduleGSOFlushLocked()
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) flushGSOlocked() error {
-	if u.gsoSegments == 0 {
-		u.stopGSOTimerLocked()
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	payload := append([]byte(nil), u.gsoBuf...)
-	addr := u.gsoAddr
-	segSize := u.gsoSegSize
-
-	u.gsoBuf = u.gsoBuf[:0]
-	u.gsoSegments = 0
-	u.gsoSegSize = 0
-	u.stopGSOTimerLocked()
-
-	if segSize <= 0 {
-		return errGSOFallback
-	}
-
-	err := u.sendSegmented(payload, addr, segSize)
-	if errors.Is(err, errGSODisabled) {
-		u.l.WithField("addr", addr).Warn("UDP GSO disabled by kernel, falling back to sendto")
-		u.enableGSO = false
-		return u.sendSegmentsIndividually(payload, addr, segSize)
-	}
-
-	return err
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) sendSegmented(payload []byte, addr netip.AddrPort, segSize int) error {
-	if len(payload) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	control := make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(2))
-	hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&control[0]))
-	hdr.Level = unix.SOL_UDP
-	hdr.Type = unix.UDP_SEGMENT
-	setCmsgLen(hdr, unix.CmsgLen(2))
-	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint16(control[unix.CmsgLen(0):unix.CmsgLen(0)+2], uint16(segSize))
-
-	var sa unix.Sockaddr
-	if addr.Addr().Is4() {
-		var sa4 unix.SockaddrInet4
-		sa4.Port = int(addr.Port())
-		sa4.Addr = addr.Addr().As4()
-		sa = &sa4
-	} else {
-		var sa6 unix.SockaddrInet6
-		sa6.Port = int(addr.Port())
-		sa6.Addr = addr.Addr().As16()
-		sa = &sa6
-	}
-
-	if _, err := unix.SendmsgN(u.sysFd, payload, control, sa, 0); err != nil {
-		if errno, ok := err.(syscall.Errno); ok && (errno == unix.EINVAL || errno == unix.ENOTSUP || errno == unix.EOPNOTSUPP) {
-			return errGSODisabled
-		}
-		return &net.OpError{Op: "sendmsg", Err: err}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) sendSegmentsIndividually(buf []byte, addr netip.AddrPort, segSize int) error {
-	if segSize <= 0 {
-		return errGSOFallback
-	}
-
-	for offset := 0; offset < len(buf); offset += segSize {
-		end := offset + segSize
-		if end > len(buf) {
-			end = len(buf)
-		}
-		var err error
-		if u.isV4 {
-			err = u.writeTo4(buf[offset:end], addr)
-		} else {
-			err = u.writeTo6(buf[offset:end], addr)
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) scheduleGSOFlushLocked() {
-	if u.gsoTimer == nil {
-		u.gsoTimer = time.AfterFunc(u.gsoFlushTimeout, u.gsoFlushTimer)
-		return
-	}
-	u.gsoTimer.Reset(u.gsoFlushTimeout)
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) stopGSOTimerLocked() {
-	if u.gsoTimer != nil {
-		u.gsoTimer.Stop()
-		u.gsoTimer = nil
-	}
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) gsoFlushTimer() {
-	u.gsoMu.Lock()
-	defer u.gsoMu.Unlock()
-	_ = u.flushGSOlocked()
-}
-
-func parseGROControl(control []byte) (int, int) {
-	if len(control) == 0 {
-		return 0, 0
-	}
-
-	cmsgs, err := unix.ParseSocketControlMessage(control)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0
-	}
-
-	for _, c := range cmsgs {
-		if c.Header.Level == unix.SOL_UDP && c.Header.Type == unix.UDP_GRO && len(c.Data) >= 2 {
-			segSize := int(binary.NativeEndian.Uint16(c.Data[:2]))
-			segCount := 0
-			if len(c.Data) >= 4 {
-				segCount = int(binary.NativeEndian.Uint16(c.Data[2:4]))
-			}
-			return segSize, segCount
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0, 0
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) emitGROSegments(r EncReader, addr netip.AddrPort, payload []byte, segSize int) bool {
-	if segSize <= 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	for offset := 0; offset < len(payload); offset += segSize {
-		end := offset + segSize
-		if end > len(payload) {
-			end = len(payload)
-		}
-		segment := make([]byte, end-offset)
-		copy(segment, payload[offset:end])
-		r(addr, segment)
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func normalizeGROSegSize(segSize, segCount, total int) int {
-	if segSize <= 0 || total <= 0 {
-		return segSize
-	}
-
-	if segSize > total && segCount > 0 {
-		segSize = total / segCount
-		if segSize == 0 {
-			segSize = total
-		}
-	}
-
-	if segCount <= 1 && segSize > 0 && total > segSize {
-		calculated := total / segSize
-		if calculated <= 1 {
-			calculated = (total + segSize - 1) / segSize
-		}
-		if calculated > 1 {
-			segCount = calculated
-		}
-	}
-
-	if segSize > MTU {
-		return MTU
-	}
-
-	return segSize
-}
-
 func (u *StdConn) Close() error {
-	u.disableGSO()
 	return syscall.Close(u.sysFd)
 }
 

udp/udp_linux_32.go

@@ -30,16 +30,13 @@ type rawMessage struct {
 	Len uint32
 }
 
-func (u *StdConn) PrepareRawMessages(n int, bufSize int) ([]rawMessage, [][]byte, [][]byte) {
+func (u *StdConn) PrepareRawMessages(n int) ([]rawMessage, [][]byte, [][]byte) {
-	if bufSize <= 0 {
-		bufSize = MTU
-	}
 	msgs := make([]rawMessage, n)
 	buffers := make([][]byte, n)
 	names := make([][]byte, n)
 
 	for i := range msgs {
-		buffers[i] = make([]byte, bufSize)
+		buffers[i] = make([]byte, MTU)
 		names[i] = make([]byte, unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6)
 
 		vs := []iovec{
@@ -55,35 +52,3 @@ func (u *StdConn) PrepareRawMessages(n int, bufSize int) ([]rawMessage, [][]byte
 
 	return msgs, buffers, names
 }
-
-func setRawMessageControl(msg *rawMessage, buf []byte) {
-	if len(buf) == 0 {
-		msg.Hdr.Control = nil
-		msg.Hdr.Controllen = 0
-		return
-	}
-	msg.Hdr.Control = &buf[0]
-	msg.Hdr.Controllen = uint32(len(buf))
-}
-
-func getRawMessageControlLen(msg *rawMessage) int {
-	return int(msg.Hdr.Controllen)
-}
-
-func getRawMessageFlags(msg *rawMessage) int {
-	return int(msg.Hdr.Flags)
-}
-
-func setCmsgLen(h *unix.Cmsghdr, l int) {
-	h.Len = uint32(l)
-}
-
-func setIovecSlice(iov *iovec, b []byte) {
-	if len(b) == 0 {
-		iov.Base = nil
-		iov.Len = 0
-		return
-	}
-	iov.Base = &b[0]
-	iov.Len = uint32(len(b))
-}

udp/udp_linux_64.go

@@ -33,16 +33,13 @@ type rawMessage struct {
 	Pad0 [4]byte
 }
 
-func (u *StdConn) PrepareRawMessages(n int, bufSize int) ([]rawMessage, [][]byte, [][]byte) {
+func (u *StdConn) PrepareRawMessages(n int) ([]rawMessage, [][]byte, [][]byte) {
-	if bufSize <= 0 {
-		bufSize = MTU
-	}
 	msgs := make([]rawMessage, n)
 	buffers := make([][]byte, n)
 	names := make([][]byte, n)
 
 	for i := range msgs {
-		buffers[i] = make([]byte, bufSize)
+		buffers[i] = make([]byte, MTU)
 		names[i] = make([]byte, unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6)
 
 		vs := []iovec{
@@ -58,35 +55,3 @@ func (u *StdConn) PrepareRawMessages(n int, bufSize int) ([]rawMessage, [][]byte
 
 	return msgs, buffers, names
 }
-
-func setRawMessageControl(msg *rawMessage, buf []byte) {
-	if len(buf) == 0 {
-		msg.Hdr.Control = nil
-		msg.Hdr.Controllen = 0
-		return
-	}
-	msg.Hdr.Control = &buf[0]
-	msg.Hdr.Controllen = uint64(len(buf))
-}
-
-func getRawMessageControlLen(msg *rawMessage) int {
-	return int(msg.Hdr.Controllen)
-}
-
-func getRawMessageFlags(msg *rawMessage) int {
-	return int(msg.Hdr.Flags)
-}
-
-func setCmsgLen(h *unix.Cmsghdr, l int) {
-	h.Len = uint64(l)
-}
-
-func setIovecSlice(iov *iovec, b []byte) {
-	if len(b) == 0 {
-		iov.Base = nil
-		iov.Len = 0
-		return
-	}
-	iov.Base = &b[0]
-	iov.Len = uint64(len(b))
-}

udp/udp_rio_windows.go

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func (u *RIOConn) bind(sa windows.Sockaddr) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (u *RIOConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) error {
+func (u *RIOConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) {
 	buffer := make([]byte, MTU)
 
 	for {
@@ -304,17 +304,6 @@ func (u *RIOConn) WriteTo(buf []byte, ip netip.AddrPort) error {
 	return winrio.SendEx(u.rq, dataBuffer, 1, nil, addressBuffer, nil, nil, 0, 0)
 }
 
-func (u *RIOConn) WriteBatch(pkts []BatchPacket) (int, error) {
-	sent := 0
-	for _, pkt := range pkts {
-		if err := u.WriteTo(pkt.Payload, pkt.Addr); err != nil {
-			return sent, err
-		}
-		sent++
-	}
-	return sent, nil
-}
-
 func (u *RIOConn) LocalAddr() (netip.AddrPort, error) {
 	sa, err := windows.Getsockname(u.sock)
 	if err != nil {

udp/udp_tester.go

@@ -106,17 +106,6 @@ func (u *TesterConn) WriteTo(b []byte, addr netip.AddrPort) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (u *TesterConn) WriteBatch(pkts []BatchPacket) (int, error) {
-	sent := 0
-	for _, pkt := range pkts {
-		if err := u.WriteTo(pkt.Payload, pkt.Addr); err != nil {
-			return sent, err
-		}
-		sent++
-	}
-	return sent, nil
-}
-
 func (u *TesterConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) {
 	for {
 		p, ok := <-u.RxPackets