window

cruft

fix tests

haha yep faster

checksum speed

haha

save pennies

fix

typo!

checkpt

GSO again

.github/actions/code-sign/action.yml

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-name: Code-sign Windows binaries
-description: >
-  Sign every .exe under a given path in place via the DefinedNet code-signer
-  Lambda. If `role` or `bucket` is empty, logs a notice and skips signing so
-  forks and dev branches without AWS access still produce usable builds.
-
-inputs:
-  path:
-    description: "Directory whose .exe files should be signed in place"
-    required: true
-  role:
-    description: "IAM role ARN to assume via OIDC; empty disables signing"
-    required: false
-    default: ""
-  bucket:
-    description: "S3 staging bucket the code-signer Lambda reads from; empty disables signing"
-    required: false
-    default: ""
-  region:
-    description: "AWS region for the role and Lambda"
-    required: false
-    default: "us-east-2"
-  function-name:
-    description: "Code-signer Lambda function name"
-    required: false
-    default: "code-signer"
-  key-prefix:
-    description: "S3 key prefix to write under; defaults to code-signing/<owner>/<repo> of the calling repo"
-    required: false
-    default: ""
-
-runs:
-  using: composite
-  steps:
-    - name: Skip notice
-      if: inputs.role == '' || inputs.bucket == ''
-      shell: sh
-      run: echo "::notice::code-signer role or bucket not set; skipping code signing."
-
-    - name: Configure AWS credentials
-      if: inputs.role != '' && inputs.bucket != ''
-      uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v6
-      with:
-        role-to-assume: ${{ inputs.role }}
-        aws-region: ${{ inputs.region }}
-        # Default is 12 retries to ride out IAM trust-policy propagation; once
-        # the role is stable we want a real misconfiguration to fail fast.
-        retry-max-attempts: 5
-
-    - name: Sign .exe files
-      if: inputs.role != '' && inputs.bucket != ''
-      shell: sh
-      env:
-        SIGN_PATH: ${{ inputs.path }}
-        BUCKET: ${{ inputs.bucket }}
-        FUNCTION_NAME: ${{ inputs.function-name }}
-        KEY_PREFIX: ${{ inputs.key-prefix }}
-      run: |
-        set -eu
-        # Default the prefix to this repo so the S3 key attributes the sign correctly.
-        # nebula-nightly runs this same action but writes under its own repo's prefix.
-        KEY_PREFIX="${KEY_PREFIX:-code-signing/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY}"
-        RUN="${GITHUB_RUN_ID}-${GITHUB_RUN_ATTEMPT}"
-
-        find "$SIGN_PATH" -name '*.exe' -print | while read -r path
-        do
-            rel=${path#"$SIGN_PATH"/}
-            file=$(basename "$path")
-            name=${file%.exe}
-            prefix="${KEY_PREFIX}/${RUN}"
-            src="${prefix}/unsigned/${rel}"
-            dst="${prefix}/signed/${rel}"
-
-            echo "::group::Sign ${rel}"
-            echo "Uploading unsigned to s3://${BUCKET}/${src}"
-            aws s3 cp --no-progress "$path" "s3://${BUCKET}/${src}" >/dev/null
-
-            echo "Invoking ${FUNCTION_NAME} Lambda"
-            payload=$(jq -nc \
-                --arg s "$src" \
-                --arg d "$dst" \
-                --arg p "$name" \
-                '{source_key: $s, dest_key: $d, program_name: $p}')
-            meta=$(aws lambda invoke \
-                --function-name "$FUNCTION_NAME" \
-                --cli-binary-format raw-in-base64-out \
-                --payload "$payload" \
-                --output json \
-                /tmp/sign-resp.json)
-            if echo "$meta" | jq -e '.FunctionError != null' >/dev/null
-            then
-                echo "::endgroup::"
-                echo "::error::code-signer Lambda failed for ${rel}"
-                cat /tmp/sign-resp.json >&2
-                exit 1
-            fi
-
-            echo "Downloading signed back to ${path}"
-            aws s3 cp --no-progress "s3://${BUCKET}/${dst}" "$path" >/dev/null
-
-            aws s3 rm "s3://${BUCKET}/${src}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-            aws s3 rm "s3://${BUCKET}/${dst}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
-
-            # Sanity-check the bytes we got back actually carry an Authenticode
-            # signature that this machine can validate end to end.
-            status=$(powershell -NoProfile -Command "(Get-AuthenticodeSignature -FilePath '$path').Status" | tr -d '\r')
-            if [ "$status" != "Valid" ]
-            then
-                echo "::endgroup::"
-                echo "::error::${rel} signature status: ${status} (expected Valid)"
-                exit 1
-            fi
-
-            echo "Signed ${rel} (sha256=$(jq -r '.sha256' /tmp/sign-resp.json), status=${status})"
-            echo "::endgroup::"
-        done

.github/workflows/gofmt.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: gofmt
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - '.github/workflows/gofmt.yml'
+      - '**.go'
+jobs:
+
+  gofmt:
+    name: Run gofmt
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+      with:
+        go-version: '1.25'
+        check-latest: true
+
+    - name: Install goimports
+      run: |
+        go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports@latest
+
+    - name: gofmt
+      run: |
+        if [ "$(find . -iname '*.go' | grep -v '\.pb\.go$' | xargs goimports -l)" ]
+        then
+          find . -iname '*.go' | grep -v '\.pb\.go$' | xargs goimports -d
+          exit 1
+        fi

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Linux/BSD All
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
-          go-version: '1.26'
+          go-version: '1.25'
           check-latest: true
 
       - name: Build
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
           mv build/*.tar.gz release
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: linux-latest
           path: release
@@ -32,15 +32,12 @@ jobs:
   build-windows:
     name: Build Windows
     runs-on: windows-latest
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-      contents: read
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
-          go-version: '1.26'
+          go-version: '1.25'
           check-latest: true
 
       - name: Build
@@ -57,15 +54,8 @@ jobs:
           mkdir build\dist\windows
           mv dist\windows\wintun build\dist\windows\
 
-      - name: Code-sign
-        uses: ./.github/actions/code-sign
-        with:
-          path: build
-          role: ${{ secrets.DEFINED_CODE_SIGNER_ROLE }}
-          bucket: ${{ secrets.DEFINED_CODE_SIGNER_BUCKET }}
-
       - name: Upload artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: windows-latest
           path: build
@@ -76,16 +66,16 @@ jobs:
       HAS_SIGNING_CREDS: ${{ secrets.AC_USERNAME != '' }}
     runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
-          go-version: '1.26'
+          go-version: '1.25'
           check-latest: true
 
       - name: Import certificates
         if: env.HAS_SIGNING_CREDS == 'true'
-        uses: Apple-Actions/import-codesign-certs@v7
+        uses: Apple-Actions/import-codesign-certs@v6
         with:
           p12-file-base64: ${{ secrets.APPLE_DEVELOPER_CERTIFICATE_P12_BASE64 }}
           p12-password: ${{ secrets.APPLE_DEVELOPER_CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD }}
@@ -114,7 +104,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: darwin-latest
           path: ./release/*
@@ -134,25 +124,25 @@ jobs:
       # be overwritten
       - name: Checkout code
         if: ${{ env.HAS_DOCKER_CREDS == 'true' }}
-        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Download artifacts
         if: ${{ env.HAS_DOCKER_CREDS == 'true' }}
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: linux-latest
           path: artifacts
 
       - name: Login to Docker Hub
         if: ${{ env.HAS_DOCKER_CREDS == 'true' }}
-        uses: docker/login-action@v4
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           username: ${{ vars.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         if: ${{ env.HAS_DOCKER_CREDS == 'true' }}
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
 
       - name: Build and push images
         if: ${{ env.HAS_DOCKER_CREDS == 'true' }}
@@ -163,20 +153,17 @@ jobs:
           mkdir -p build/linux-{amd64,arm64}
           tar -zxvf artifacts/nebula-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C build/linux-amd64/
           tar -zxvf artifacts/nebula-linux-arm64.tar.gz -C build/linux-arm64/
-          docker buildx build . --push -f docker/Dockerfile --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 \
-            --build-arg VERSION="${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}" \
-            --build-arg REVISION="${GITHUB_SHA}" \
-            --tag "${DOCKER_IMAGE_REPO}:${DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG}" --tag "${DOCKER_IMAGE_REPO}:${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}"
+          docker buildx build . --push -f docker/Dockerfile --platform linux/amd64,linux/arm64 --tag "${DOCKER_IMAGE_REPO}:${DOCKER_IMAGE_TAG}" --tag "${DOCKER_IMAGE_REPO}:${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}"
 
   release:
     name: Create and Upload Release
     needs: [build-linux, build-darwin, build-windows]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Download artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           path: artifacts
 

.github/workflows/smoke-extra.yml

@@ -14,27 +14,19 @@ on:
       - 'go.sum'
 jobs:
 
-  smoke-extra-libvirt:
+  smoke-extra:
     if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'smoke-test-extra')
-    name: ${{ matrix.target }}
+    name: Run extra smoke tests
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        target:
-          - freebsd-amd64
-          - openbsd-amd64
-          - netbsd-amd64
-          - linux-amd64-ipv6disable
     env:
       VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER: libvirt
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:
-        go-version: '1.26'
+        go-version: '1.25'
         check-latest: true
 
     - name: add hashicorp source
@@ -48,85 +40,28 @@ jobs:
         sudo chmod 666 /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock
         vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt
 
-    - name: ${{ matrix.target }}
-      run: make smoke-vagrant/${{ matrix.target }}
+    - name: freebsd-amd64
+      run: make smoke-vagrant/freebsd-amd64
 
-    timeout-minutes: 30
+    - name: openbsd-amd64
+      run: make smoke-vagrant/openbsd-amd64
 
-  # linux-386 needs VirtualBox, which conflicts with KVM/libvirt -- isolated job.
-  smoke-extra-virtualbox:
-    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'smoke-test-extra')
-    name: linux-386
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER: virtualbox
-    steps:
+    - name: netbsd-amd64
+      run: make smoke-vagrant/netbsd-amd64
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+    - name: linux-amd64-ipv6disable
+      run: make smoke-vagrant/linux-amd64-ipv6disable
 
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
-      with:
-        go-version: '1.26'
-        check-latest: true
-
-    - name: add hashicorp source
-      run: wget -O- https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg && echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
-
-    - name: install vagrant and virtualbox
+    # linux-386 runs last because it requires disabling KVM to use VirtualBox,
+    # which prevents libvirt (used by the other tests) from working after this point.
+    - name: install virtualbox for i386 test
       run: |
-        sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y vagrant virtualbox
+        sudo apt-get install -y virtualbox
         sudo rmmod kvm_amd kvm_intel kvm 2>/dev/null || true
 
     - name: linux-386
+      env:
+        VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER: virtualbox
       run: make smoke-vagrant/linux-386
 
     timeout-minutes: 30
-
-  smoke-windows:
-    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'smoke-test-extra')
-    name: Run windows smoke test
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
-
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
-      with:
-        go-version: '1.26'
-        check-latest: true
-
-    # WSL2 + Ubuntu so the smoke can run a real linux peer with its own
-    # netns. iputils-ping is needed for the in-WSL ping check. WSL1 has no
-    # real kernel and would lack /dev/net/tun, so we have to force WSL2.
-    - uses: Vampire/setup-wsl@v3
-      with:
-        distribution: Ubuntu-24.04
-        additional-packages: iputils-ping iproute2
-
-    # Vampire/setup-wsl provisions WSL1 even when the WSL2 platform is present.
-    # Convert the distro to WSL2 explicitly before we try to use /dev/net/tun.
-    - name: convert distro to WSL2
-      shell: pwsh
-      run: |
-        wsl --set-version Ubuntu-24.04 2
-        wsl --shutdown
-        wsl --list --verbose
-
-    - name: build windows nebula
-      run: make bin-windows
-
-    - name: build linux nebula for WSL
-      shell: bash
-      env:
-        GOOS: linux
-        GOARCH: amd64
-      run: |
-        mkdir -p build/linux-amd64
-        go build -o build/linux-amd64/nebula ./cmd/nebula
-
-    - name: run smoke-windows
-      shell: pwsh
-      working-directory: ./.github/workflows/smoke
-      run: ./smoke-windows.ps1
-
-    timeout-minutes: 15

.github/workflows/smoke.yml

@@ -18,26 +18,38 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:
-        go-version: '1.26'
+        go-version: '1.25'
         check-latest: true
 
-    - name: Smoke Docker
-      run: make smoke-docker
+    - name: build
+      run: make bin-docker CGO_ENABLED=1 BUILD_ARGS=-race
 
-    - name: Smoke Docker IPv6 overlay
-      run: make smoke-docker-ipv6
+    - name: setup docker image
+      working-directory: ./.github/workflows/smoke
+      run: ./build.sh
 
-    - name: Smoke Relay Docker
-      run: make smoke-relay-docker
+    - name: run smoke
+      working-directory: ./.github/workflows/smoke
+      run: ./smoke.sh
 
-    - name: Smoke Docker boringcrypto
-      run: make boringcrypto smoke-docker
+    - name: setup relay docker image
+      working-directory: ./.github/workflows/smoke
+      run: ./build-relay.sh
 
-    - name: Smoke Docker fips140
-      run: make fips140-all GOALS=smoke-docker
+    - name: run smoke relay
+      working-directory: ./.github/workflows/smoke
+      run: ./smoke-relay.sh
+
+    - name: setup docker image for P256
+      working-directory: ./.github/workflows/smoke
+      run: NAME="smoke-p256" CURVE=P256 ./build.sh
+
+    - name: run smoke-p256
+      working-directory: ./.github/workflows/smoke
+      run: NAME="smoke-p256" ./smoke.sh
 
     timeout-minutes: 10

.github/workflows/smoke/build.sh

@@ -5,19 +5,6 @@ set -e -x
 rm -rf ./build
 mkdir ./build
 
-if [ "$SMOKE_OVERLAY_IPV6" ]
-then
-    LIGHTHOUSE_NIP="fd00:4242:0:0:0:ffff:c0a8:6401"
-    HOST2_NIP="fd00:4242:0:0:0:ffff:c0a8:6402"
-    HOST3_NIP="fd00:4242:0:0:0:ffff:c0a8:6403"
-    HOST4_NIP="fd00:4242:0:0:0:ffff:c0a8:6404"
-else
-    LIGHTHOUSE_NIP="192.168.100.1"
-    HOST2_NIP="192.168.100.2"
-    HOST3_NIP="192.168.100.3"
-    HOST4_NIP="192.168.100.4"
-fi
-
 # Smoke containers run on a dedicated docker network whose subnet is allocated
 # at smoke time, not known at build time. Configs are written with TEST-NET-3
 # placeholder IPs (RFC 5737) and smoke.sh / smoke-vagrant.sh / smoke-relay.sh
@@ -44,24 +31,24 @@ LIGHTHOUSE_IP="203.0.113.2"
         ../genconfig.sh >lighthouse1.yml
 
     HOST="host2" \
-        LIGHTHOUSES="$LIGHTHOUSE_NIP $LIGHTHOUSE_IP:4242" \
+        LIGHTHOUSES="192.168.100.1 $LIGHTHOUSE_IP:4242" \
         ../genconfig.sh >host2.yml
 
     HOST="host3" \
-        LIGHTHOUSES="$LIGHTHOUSE_NIP $LIGHTHOUSE_IP:4242" \
+        LIGHTHOUSES="192.168.100.1 $LIGHTHOUSE_IP:4242" \
         INBOUND='[{"port": "any", "proto": "icmp", "group": "lighthouse"}]' \
         ../genconfig.sh >host3.yml
 
     HOST="host4" \
-        LIGHTHOUSES="$LIGHTHOUSE_NIP $LIGHTHOUSE_IP:4242" \
+        LIGHTHOUSES="192.168.100.1 $LIGHTHOUSE_IP:4242" \
         OUTBOUND='[{"port": "any", "proto": "icmp", "group": "lighthouse"}]' \
         ../genconfig.sh >host4.yml
 
     ../../../../nebula-cert ca -curve "${CURVE:-25519}" -name "Smoke Test"
-    ../../../../nebula-cert sign -name "lighthouse1" -groups "lighthouse,lighthouse1" -ip "$LIGHTHOUSE_NIP/24"
-    ../../../../nebula-cert sign -name "host2" -groups "host,host2" -ip "$HOST2_NIP/24"
-    ../../../../nebula-cert sign -name "host3" -groups "host,host3" -ip "$HOST3_NIP/24"
-    ../../../../nebula-cert sign -name "host4" -groups "host,host4" -ip "$HOST4_NIP/24"
+    ../../../../nebula-cert sign -name "lighthouse1" -groups "lighthouse,lighthouse1" -ip "192.168.100.1/24"
+    ../../../../nebula-cert sign -name "host2" -groups "host,host2" -ip "192.168.100.2/24"
+    ../../../../nebula-cert sign -name "host3" -groups "host,host3" -ip "192.168.100.3/24"
+    ../../../../nebula-cert sign -name "host4" -groups "host,host4" -ip "192.168.100.4/24"
 )
 
 docker build -t "nebula:${NAME:-smoke}" .

.github/workflows/smoke/smoke-windows.ps1

@@ -1,272 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env pwsh
-# Windows smoke test for the nebula tun + UDP + NLM code paths.
-#
-# Topology:
-#   - lighthouse runs natively on the Windows host (wintun + windows UDP)
-#   - peer runs inside WSL2 (Linux build of nebula, /dev/net/tun)
-#
-# WSL2 gives us a real netns boundary so the loopback fast-path on Windows
-# does not short-circuit the overlay -- when WSL pings the lighthouse VPN IP,
-# Linux has no idea that IP is local to the Windows host, so the packet is
-# forced through nebula. Same in reverse.
-
-$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
-
-# wsl.exe emits UTF-16 LE by default which PowerShell reads as bytes, mangling
-# every captured string. WSL_UTF8 makes wsl.exe emit UTF-8 instead.
-$env:WSL_UTF8 = '1'
-
-$RepoRoot = Resolve-Path "$PSScriptRoot\..\..\.."
-$Nebula = Join-Path $RepoRoot 'nebula.exe'
-$NebulaCert = Join-Path $RepoRoot 'nebula-cert.exe'
-$NebulaLinux = Join-Path $RepoRoot 'build\linux-amd64\nebula'
-
-if (-not (Test-Path $Nebula)) { throw "missing $Nebula; run 'make bin-windows' first" }
-if (-not (Test-Path $NebulaCert)) { throw "missing $NebulaCert; run 'make bin-windows' first" }
-if (-not (Test-Path $NebulaLinux)) { throw "missing $NebulaLinux; build the linux nebula first" }
-
-# Matches the distro installed by Vampire/setup-wsl in smoke-extra.yml.
-$Distro = 'Ubuntu-24.04'
-$listed = (wsl --list --quiet 2>$null) -join "`n"
-if ($listed -notmatch [regex]::Escape($Distro)) {
-    throw "WSL distro $Distro not registered. Got: $listed"
-}
-Write-Host "Using WSL distro: $Distro"
-
-# Windows host as seen from inside WSL: WSL's default-route gateway. We extract
-# it with a regex rather than awk fields so PowerShell does not eat any '$N'
-# tokens, and tabs/double-spaces in `ip route` output do not confuse a cut.
-$ipCmd = 'ip route show default | grep -oE "([0-9]+\.){3}[0-9]+" | head -1'
-$WindowsIp = (wsl -d $Distro -- bash -c $ipCmd).Trim()
-if (-not $WindowsIp) { throw "could not determine Windows host IP from WSL" }
-Write-Host "Windows host IP from WSL: $WindowsIp"
-
-$WorkDir = Join-Path $env:TEMP 'nebula-smoke-windows'
-if (Test-Path $WorkDir) { Remove-Item -Recurse -Force $WorkDir }
-New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $WorkDir | Out-Null
-
-$WslDir = '/tmp/nebula-smoke'
-wsl -d $Distro -- bash -c "rm -rf $WslDir && mkdir -p $WslDir" | Out-Null
-
-$DevName = 'nebula-smoke'
-$Ip1 = '192.168.241.1'
-$Ip2 = '192.168.241.2'
-$Port = 4242
-
-& $NebulaCert ca -name 'smoke-ca' -out-crt "$WorkDir\ca.crt" -out-key "$WorkDir\ca.key"
-if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "nebula-cert ca failed (exit $LASTEXITCODE)" }
-
-& $NebulaCert sign -name 'lighthouse' -networks "$Ip1/24" -ca-crt "$WorkDir\ca.crt" -ca-key "$WorkDir\ca.key" -out-crt "$WorkDir\lighthouse.crt" -out-key "$WorkDir\lighthouse.key"
-if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "nebula-cert sign lighthouse failed (exit $LASTEXITCODE)" }
-
-& $NebulaCert sign -name 'peer' -networks "$Ip2/24" -ca-crt "$WorkDir\ca.crt" -ca-key "$WorkDir\ca.key" -out-crt "$WorkDir\peer.crt" -out-key "$WorkDir\peer.key"
-if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "nebula-cert sign peer failed (exit $LASTEXITCODE)" }
-
-# Windows lighthouse config.
-@"
-pki:
-  ca: $WorkDir\ca.crt
-  cert: $WorkDir\lighthouse.crt
-  key: $WorkDir\lighthouse.key
-static_host_map: {}
-lighthouse:
-  am_lighthouse: true
-  interval: 60
-  hosts: []
-listen:
-  host: 0.0.0.0
-  port: $Port
-tun:
-  disabled: false
-  dev: $DevName
-  drop_local_broadcast: false
-  drop_multicast: false
-  tx_queue: 500
-  mtu: 1300
-  network_category: private
-logging:
-  level: info
-  format: text
-firewall:
-  outbound_action: drop
-  inbound_action: drop
-  conntrack:
-    tcp_timeout: 12m
-    udp_timeout: 3m
-    default_timeout: 10m
-  outbound:
-    - port: any
-      proto: any
-      host: any
-  inbound:
-    - port: any
-      proto: any
-      host: any
-"@ | Out-File -FilePath "$WorkDir\lighthouse.yml" -Encoding utf8
-
-# WSL peer config (paths are POSIX, deliberately).
-@"
-pki:
-  ca: $WslDir/ca.crt
-  cert: $WslDir/peer.crt
-  key: $WslDir/peer.key
-static_host_map:
-  "${Ip1}": ["${WindowsIp}:$Port"]
-lighthouse:
-  am_lighthouse: false
-  interval: 60
-  hosts:
-    - "${Ip1}"
-listen:
-  host: 0.0.0.0
-  port: 0
-tun:
-  disabled: false
-  dev: nebula1
-  drop_local_broadcast: false
-  drop_multicast: false
-  tx_queue: 500
-  mtu: 1300
-logging:
-  level: info
-  format: text
-firewall:
-  outbound_action: drop
-  inbound_action: drop
-  conntrack:
-    tcp_timeout: 12m
-    udp_timeout: 3m
-    default_timeout: 10m
-  outbound:
-    - port: any
-      proto: any
-      host: any
-  inbound:
-    - port: any
-      proto: any
-      host: any
-"@ | Out-File -FilePath "$WorkDir\peer.yml" -Encoding utf8
-
-# Stage WSL artifacts. Convert Windows paths to WSL paths ourselves rather than
-# calling `wslpath`, because PowerShell's argument-passing to external EXEs
-# strips backslashes from path arguments in ways that are hard to escape around.
-function ConvertTo-WslPath {
-    param([string]$WindowsPath)
-    if ($WindowsPath -notmatch '^([A-Za-z]):\\(.*)$') {
-        throw "cannot convert path to WSL: $WindowsPath"
-    }
-    return "/mnt/$($matches[1].ToLower())/$($matches[2].Replace('\','/'))"
-}
-
-$WslWorkDir = ConvertTo-WslPath $WorkDir
-$WslNebulaPath = ConvertTo-WslPath $NebulaLinux
-wsl -d $Distro -- bash -c "cp '$WslWorkDir/ca.crt' '$WslWorkDir/peer.crt' '$WslWorkDir/peer.key' '$WslWorkDir/peer.yml' $WslDir/ && cp '$WslNebulaPath' $WslDir/nebula && chmod +x $WslDir/nebula"
-
-# Make sure WSL has tun support and /dev/net/tun is usable before starting
-# nebula. Diagnostics first so a fail here points at the real problem (e.g.
-# WSL1 distros do not have a real kernel and will not have tun).
-Write-Host '=== WSL diagnostic ==='
-wsl --version 2>&1 | Out-Host
-wsl --list --verbose 2>&1 | Out-Host
-wsl -d $Distro -u root -- uname -a | Out-Host
-wsl -d $Distro -u root -- bash -c "modprobe tun 2>&1 || true; mkdir -p /dev/net; [ -c /dev/net/tun ] || mknod /dev/net/tun c 10 200; chmod 600 /dev/net/tun; ls -l /dev/net/tun"
-if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "failed to prepare /dev/net/tun in WSL (TUN support missing?)" }
-
-# Deliberately no New-NetFirewallRule calls here -- nebula's windows_bypass_wdf
-# feature is supposed to install WFP permit filters that let inbound traffic
-# through Windows Defender Firewall on its own. If this smoke regresses, that
-# feature regressed.
-
-$lhOut = Join-Path $WorkDir 'lighthouse.out.log'
-$lhErr = Join-Path $WorkDir 'lighthouse.err.log'
-$lhProc = Start-Process -FilePath $Nebula -ArgumentList @('-config', "$WorkDir\lighthouse.yml") `
-    -PassThru -NoNewWindow `
-    -RedirectStandardOutput $lhOut `
-    -RedirectStandardError $lhErr
-
-# Run nebula in WSL as root with no sudo + no shell wrapper. PowerShell's
-# Start-Process arg quoting mangles `bash -c "..."` strings that contain
-# spaces/redirections, so we skip bash entirely and let Start-Process do the
-# stdout/stderr capture itself.
-$peerOut = Join-Path $WorkDir 'peer.out.log'
-$peerErr = Join-Path $WorkDir 'peer.err.log'
-$peerProc = Start-Process -FilePath 'wsl' `
-    -ArgumentList @('-d', $Distro, '-u', 'root', '--', "$WslDir/nebula", '-config', "$WslDir/peer.yml") `
-    -PassThru -NoNewWindow `
-    -RedirectStandardOutput $peerOut `
-    -RedirectStandardError $peerErr
-
-function Wait-Until {
-    param([scriptblock]$Predicate, [int]$TimeoutSec, [string]$What)
-    $deadline = (Get-Date).AddSeconds($TimeoutSec)
-    while ((Get-Date) -lt $deadline) {
-        if (& $Predicate) { return }
-        Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 500
-    }
-    throw "timed out waiting for: $What"
-}
-
-try {
-    Wait-Until -TimeoutSec 30 -What "windows wintun adapter $DevName with NetworkCategory=Private" -Predicate {
-        if ($lhProc.HasExited) { throw "lighthouse exited (code $($lhProc.ExitCode)) before tun was ready" }
-        $p = Get-NetConnectionProfile -InterfaceAlias $DevName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
-        $p -and ("$($p.NetworkCategory)" -ieq 'Private')
-    }
-    Write-Host "OK: $DevName NetworkCategory=Private"
-
-    Wait-Until -TimeoutSec 30 -What "WSL nebula1 with $Ip2" -Predicate {
-        if ($peerProc.HasExited) { throw "peer exited (code $($peerProc.ExitCode)) before tun was ready" }
-        $r = wsl -d $Distro -u root -- bash -c "ip -o addr show nebula1 2>/dev/null | grep -q 'inet $Ip2' && echo yes"
-        ("$r").Trim() -eq 'yes'
-    }
-    Write-Host "OK: WSL nebula1 has $Ip2"
-
-    Wait-Until -TimeoutSec 30 -What "ping from WSL peer to windows lighthouse ($Ip1)" -Predicate {
-        if ($peerProc.HasExited) { throw "peer exited (code $($peerProc.ExitCode)) before ping succeeded" }
-        $r = wsl -d $Distro -u root -- bash -c "ping -c1 -W1 $Ip1 >/dev/null 2>&1 && echo OK"
-        ("$r").Trim() -eq 'OK'
-    }
-    Write-Host "OK: WSL peer -> windows lighthouse"
-
-    Wait-Until -TimeoutSec 30 -What "ping from windows lighthouse to WSL peer ($Ip2)" -Predicate {
-        $null = & ping.exe -n 1 -w 1000 $Ip2
-        $LASTEXITCODE -eq 0
-    }
-    Write-Host "OK: windows lighthouse -> WSL peer"
-
-    Write-Host ''
-    Write-Host 'All smoke checks passed.'
-}
-catch {
-    Write-Host ''
-    Write-Host '=== lighthouse stdout ==='
-    Get-Content $lhOut -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-Host
-    Write-Host '=== lighthouse stderr ==='
-    Get-Content $lhErr -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-Host
-    Write-Host '=== peer stdout ==='
-    Get-Content $peerOut -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-Host
-    Write-Host '=== peer stderr ==='
-    Get-Content $peerErr -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-Host
-    Write-Host '=== nebula WFP filters ==='
-    # Dump nebula-installed filters so we can verify they got registered with
-    # the conditions we expect.
-    $wfpDump = Join-Path $WorkDir 'wfp.xml'
-    netsh wfp show filters file=$wfpDump 2>&1 | Out-Null
-    if (Test-Path $wfpDump) {
-        Select-String -Path $wfpDump -Pattern 'Nebula' -Context 0,80 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-Host
-    }
-    throw
-}
-finally {
-    if (-not $lhProc.HasExited) {
-        Stop-Process -Id $lhProc.Id -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
-        $lhProc.WaitForExit(5000) | Out-Null
-    }
-    wsl -d $Distro -u root -- bash -c "pkill -f $WslDir/nebula 2>/dev/null; true" | Out-Null
-    # pkill returns 1 when no match and wsl propagates that; the smoke is done
-    # so we don't want it to leak into the script's exit code.
-    $global:LASTEXITCODE = 0
-    if ($peerProc -and -not $peerProc.HasExited) {
-        Stop-Process -Id $peerProc.Id -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
-    }
-}

.github/workflows/smoke/smoke.sh

@@ -47,19 +47,6 @@ HOST2_IP="$PREFIX.3"
 HOST3_IP="$PREFIX.4"
 HOST4_IP="$PREFIX.5"
 
-if [ "$SMOKE_OVERLAY_IPV6" ]
-then
-    LIGHTHOUSE_NIP="fd00:4242:0:0:0:ffff:c0a8:6401"
-    HOST2_NIP="fd00:4242:0:0:0:ffff:c0a8:6402"
-    HOST3_NIP="fd00:4242:0:0:0:ffff:c0a8:6403"
-    HOST4_NIP="fd00:4242:0:0:0:ffff:c0a8:6404"
-else
-    LIGHTHOUSE_NIP="192.168.100.1"
-    HOST2_NIP="192.168.100.2"
-    HOST3_NIP="192.168.100.3"
-    HOST4_NIP="192.168.100.4"
-fi
-
 # Sed the placeholder TEST-NET-3 IPs in the host configs to the real ones.
 # build/lighthouse1.yml has no IPs to rewrite so it's skipped.
 for f in build/host2.yml build/host3.yml build/host4.yml; do
@@ -93,28 +80,28 @@ docker exec host3 tcpdump -i eth0 -q -w - -U 2>logs/host3.outside.log >logs/host
 docker exec host4 tcpdump -i tun0 -q -w - -U 2>logs/host4.inside.log >logs/host4.inside.pcap &
 docker exec host4 tcpdump -i eth0 -q -w - -U 2>logs/host4.outside.log >logs/host4.outside.pcap &
 
-docker exec host2 ncat -nklv 2000 &
-docker exec host3 ncat -nklv 2000 &
-docker exec host4 ncat -e '/usr/bin/echo helloagainfromhost4' -nkluv 4000 &
-docker exec host2 ncat -e '/usr/bin/echo host2' -nkluv 3000 &
-docker exec host3 ncat -e '/usr/bin/echo host3' -nkluv 3000 &
+docker exec host2 ncat -nklv 0.0.0.0 2000 &
+docker exec host3 ncat -nklv 0.0.0.0 2000 &
+docker exec host4 ncat -e '/usr/bin/echo helloagainfromhost4' -nkluv 0.0.0.0 4000 &
+docker exec host2 ncat -e '/usr/bin/echo host2' -nkluv 0.0.0.0 3000 &
+docker exec host3 ncat -e '/usr/bin/echo host3' -nkluv 0.0.0.0 3000 &
 
 set +x
 echo
 echo " *** Testing ping from lighthouse1"
 echo
 set -x
-docker exec lighthouse1 ping -c1 $HOST2_NIP
-docker exec lighthouse1 ping -c1 $HOST3_NIP
+docker exec lighthouse1 ping -c1 192.168.100.2
+docker exec lighthouse1 ping -c1 192.168.100.3
 
 set +x
 echo
 echo " *** Testing ping from host2"
 echo
 set -x
-docker exec host2 ping -c1 $LIGHTHOUSE_NIP
+docker exec host2 ping -c1 192.168.100.1
 # Should fail because not allowed by host3 inbound firewall
-! docker exec host2 ping -c1 $HOST3_NIP -w5 || exit 1
+! docker exec host2 ping -c1 192.168.100.3 -w5 || exit 1
 
 set +x
 echo
@@ -122,34 +109,34 @@ echo " *** Testing ncat from host2"
 echo
 set -x
 # Should fail because not allowed by host3 inbound firewall
-! docker exec host2 ncat -nzv -w5 $HOST3_NIP 2000 || exit 1
-! docker exec host2 ncat -nzuv -w5 $HOST3_NIP 3000 | grep -q host3 || exit 1
+! docker exec host2 ncat -nzv -w5 192.168.100.3 2000 || exit 1
+! docker exec host2 ncat -nzuv -w5 192.168.100.3 3000 | grep -q host3 || exit 1
 
 set +x
 echo
 echo " *** Testing ping from host3"
 echo
 set -x
-docker exec host3 ping -c1 $LIGHTHOUSE_NIP
-docker exec host3 ping -c1 $HOST2_NIP
+docker exec host3 ping -c1 192.168.100.1
+docker exec host3 ping -c1 192.168.100.2
 
 set +x
 echo
 echo " *** Testing ncat from host3"
 echo
 set -x
-docker exec host3 ncat -nzv -w5 $HOST2_NIP 2000
-docker exec host3 ncat -nzuv -w5 $HOST2_NIP 3000 | grep -q host2
+docker exec host3 ncat -nzv -w5 192.168.100.2 2000
+docker exec host3 ncat -nzuv -w5 192.168.100.2 3000 | grep -q host2
 
 set +x
 echo
 echo " *** Testing ping from host4"
 echo
 set -x
-docker exec host4 ping -c1 $LIGHTHOUSE_NIP
+docker exec host4 ping -c1 192.168.100.1
 # Should fail because not allowed by host4 outbound firewall
-! docker exec host4 ping -c1 $HOST2_NIP -w5 || exit 1
-! docker exec host4 ping -c1 $HOST3_NIP -w5 || exit 1
+! docker exec host4 ping -c1 192.168.100.2 -w5 || exit 1
+! docker exec host4 ping -c1 192.168.100.3 -w5 || exit 1
 
 set +x
 echo
@@ -157,10 +144,10 @@ echo " *** Testing ncat from host4"
 echo
 set -x
 # Should fail because not allowed by host4 outbound firewall
-! docker exec host4 ncat -nzv -w5 $HOST2_NIP 2000 || exit 1
-! docker exec host4 ncat -nzv -w5 $HOST3_NIP 2000 || exit 1
-! docker exec host4 ncat -nzuv -w5 $HOST2_NIP 3000 | grep -q host2 || exit 1
-! docker exec host4 ncat -nzuv -w5 $HOST3_NIP 3000 | grep -q host3 || exit 1
+! docker exec host4 ncat -nzv -w5 192.168.100.2 2000 || exit 1
+! docker exec host4 ncat -nzv -w5 192.168.100.3 2000 || exit 1
+! docker exec host4 ncat -nzuv -w5 192.168.100.2 3000 | grep -q host2 || exit 1
+! docker exec host4 ncat -nzuv -w5 192.168.100.3 3000 | grep -q host3 || exit 1
 
 set +x
 echo
@@ -172,7 +159,7 @@ set -x
 # cannot initiate UDP to host2. Once host2 initiates a flow to host4:4000,
 # conntrack must let host4's listener reply on that flow. If it doesn't,
 # the echo back from host4 never reaches host2.
-docker exec host2 sh -c "(/usr/bin/echo host2; sleep 2) | ncat -nuv $HOST4_NIP 4000" | grep -q helloagainfromhost4
+docker exec host2 sh -c "(/usr/bin/echo host2; sleep 2) | ncat -nuv 192.168.100.4 4000" | grep -q helloagainfromhost4
 
 docker exec host4 sh -c 'kill 1'
 docker exec host3 sh -c 'kill 1'

.github/workflows/smoke/vagrant-netbsd-amd64/Vagrantfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # -*- mode: ruby -*-
 # vi: set ft=ruby :
 Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
-  config.vm.box = "DefinedNet/netbsd10"
+  config.vm.box = "generic/netbsd9"
 
   config.vm.synced_folder "../build", "/nebula", type: "rsync"
 end

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -13,28 +13,20 @@ on:
       - 'go.sum'
 jobs:
 
-  static:
-    name: Static checks
+  test-linux:
+    name: Build all and test on ubuntu-linux
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:
-        go-version: '1.26'
+        go-version: '1.25'
         check-latest: true
 
-    - name: Install goimports
-      run: go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports@latest
-
-    - name: gofmt
-      run: |
-        if [ "$(find . -iname '*.go' | grep -v '\.pb\.go$' | xargs goimports -l)" ]
-        then
-          find . -iname '*.go' | grep -v '\.pb\.go$' | xargs goimports -d
-          exit 1
-        fi
+    - name: Build
+      run: make all
 
     - name: Vet
       run: make vet
@@ -42,114 +34,99 @@ jobs:
     - name: golangci-lint
       uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
       with:
-        version: v2.12
+        version: v2.5
 
-  test:
-    name: Test ${{ matrix.name }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-        - name: linux
-          os: ubuntu-latest
-          build-cmd: go build ./cmd/nebula ./cmd/nebula-cert
-          test-cmd: make test
-          e2e-cmd: make e2evv
-        - name: linux-boringcrypto
-          os: ubuntu-latest
-          build-cmd: make boringcrypto
-          test-cmd: make boringcrypto test
-          e2e-cmd: make boringcrypto e2evv
-        - name: linux-fips140
-          os: ubuntu-latest
-          build-cmd: make fips140-all
-          test-cmd: make fips140-all GOALS=test
-          e2e-cmd: make fips140-all GOALS=e2evv
-        - name: linux-pkcs11
-          os: ubuntu-latest
-          build-cmd: make bin-pkcs11
-          test-cmd: make test-pkcs11
-          e2e-cmd: ''
-        - name: macos
-          os: macos-latest
-          build-cmd: go build ./cmd/nebula ./cmd/nebula-cert
-          test-cmd: make test
-          e2e-cmd: make e2evv
-        - name: windows
-          os: windows-latest
-          build-cmd: go build ./cmd/nebula ./cmd/nebula-cert
-          test-cmd: make test
-          e2e-cmd: make e2evv
+    - name: Test
+      run: make test
+
+    - name: End 2 end
+      run: make e2evv
+
+    - name: Build test mobile
+      run: make build-test-mobile
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+      with:
+        name: e2e packet flow linux-latest
+        path: e2e/mermaid/linux-latest
+        if-no-files-found: warn
+
+  test-linux-boringcrypto:
+    name: Build and test on linux with boringcrypto
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:
-        go-version: '1.26'
+        go-version: '1.25'
         check-latest: true
 
     - name: Build
-      run: ${{ matrix.build-cmd }}
-
-    - name: Cross-build darwin-amd64
-      if: matrix.name == 'macos'
-      run: GOARCH=amd64 go build -o /tmp/nebula-amd64 ./cmd/nebula && GOARCH=amd64 go build -o /tmp/nebula-cert-amd64 ./cmd/nebula-cert
+      run: make bin-boringcrypto
 
     - name: Test
-      run: ${{ matrix.test-cmd }}
+      run: make test-boringcrypto
 
     - name: End 2 end
-      if: matrix.e2e-cmd != ''
-      run: ${{ matrix.e2e-cmd }}
+      run: make e2e GOEXPERIMENT=boringcrypto CGO_ENABLED=1 TEST_ENV="TEST_LOGS=1" TEST_FLAGS="-v -ldflags -checklinkname=0"
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
-      if: matrix.e2e-cmd != '' && always()
-      with:
-        name: e2e packet flow ${{ matrix.name }}
-        path: e2e/mermaid/
-        if-no-files-found: warn
-
-  cross-build:
-    name: Cross-build ${{ matrix.name }}
+  test-linux-pkcs11:
+    name: Build and test on linux with pkcs11
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        include:
-        - {name: linux-arm,   make-target: all-cross-linux-arm}
-        - {name: linux-mips,  make-target: all-cross-linux-mips}
-        - {name: linux-other, make-target: all-cross-linux-other}
-        - {name: freebsd,     make-target: all-freebsd}
-        - {name: openbsd,     make-target: all-openbsd}
-        - {name: netbsd,      make-target: all-netbsd}
-        - {name: windows,     make-target: all-cross-windows}
-        - {name: mobile,      make-target: build-test-mobile}
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v7
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:
-        go-version: '1.26'
+        go-version: '1.25'
         check-latest: true
 
-    - name: Build ${{ matrix.name }}
-      run: make -j"$(nproc)" ${{ matrix.make-target }}
+    - name: Build
+      run: make bin-pkcs11
 
-  finish:
-    name: CI status
-    if: always()
-    needs: [static, test, cross-build]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    - name: Test
+      run: make test-pkcs11
+
+  test:
+    name: Build and test on ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [windows-latest, macos-latest]
     steps:
 
-    - name: Fail if any upstream job failed
-      if: contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') || contains(needs.*.result, 'cancelled')
-      run: |
-        echo "upstream results: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}"
-        exit 1
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-    - name: All upstream jobs passed
-      run: echo "ok"
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+      with:
+        go-version: '1.25'
+        check-latest: true
+
+    - name: Build nebula
+      run: go build ./cmd/nebula
+
+    - name: Build nebula-cert
+      run: go build ./cmd/nebula-cert
+
+    - name: Vet
+      run: make vet
+
+    - name: golangci-lint
+      uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
+      with:
+        version: v2.5
+
+    - name: Test
+      run: make test
+
+    - name: End 2 end
+      run: make e2evv
+
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+      with:
+        name: e2e packet flow ${{ matrix.os }}
+        path: e2e/mermaid/${{ matrix.os }}
+        if-no-files-found: warn

Makefile

@@ -60,29 +60,6 @@ ALL = $(ALL_LINUX) \
 	windows-amd64 \
 	windows-arm64
 
-# Cross-build shards used by .github/workflows/test.yml — same as ALL_*
-# but with the arch that has a native CI runner removed, so the cross-build
-# job is not duplicating coverage the native test jobs already give.
-ALL_CROSS_LINUX = $(filter-out linux-amd64,$(ALL_LINUX))
-
-# ALL_CROSS_LINUX further split into family sub-shards so each can run on
-# its own CI runner in parallel. Union of the three must equal
-# ALL_CROSS_LINUX; adding a new linux arch goes into the matching family.
-ALL_CROSS_LINUX_ARM   = linux-arm-5 linux-arm-6 linux-arm-7 linux-arm64
-ALL_CROSS_LINUX_MIPS  = linux-mips linux-mipsle linux-mips64 linux-mips64le linux-mips-softfloat
-ALL_CROSS_LINUX_OTHER = linux-386 linux-ppc64le linux-riscv64 linux-loong64
-
-# Based on section 2.2 of the Go Cryptographic Module CVMP Security Policy #5247
-ALL_FIPS140 = linux-amd64-fips140 \
-	linux-arm64-fips140 \
-	windows-amd64-fips140 \
-	windows-arm64-fips140 \
-	darwin-arm64-fips140 \
-	freebsd-amd64-fips140 \
-	linux-arm-7-fips140 \
-	linux-mips64-fips140 \
-	linux-ppc64le-fips140
-
 e2e:
 	$(TEST_ENV) go test -tags=e2e_testing -count=1 $(TEST_FLAGS) ./e2e
 
@@ -105,35 +82,6 @@ DOCKER_BIN = build/linux-amd64/nebula build/linux-amd64/nebula-cert
 
 all: $(ALL:%=build/%/nebula) $(ALL:%=build/%/nebula-cert)
 
-all-linux: $(ALL_LINUX:%=build/%/nebula) $(ALL_LINUX:%=build/%/nebula-cert)
-
-all-freebsd: $(ALL_FREEBSD:%=build/%/nebula) $(ALL_FREEBSD:%=build/%/nebula-cert)
-
-all-openbsd: $(ALL_OPENBSD:%=build/%/nebula) $(ALL_OPENBSD:%=build/%/nebula-cert)
-
-all-netbsd: $(ALL_NETBSD:%=build/%/nebula) $(ALL_NETBSD:%=build/%/nebula-cert)
-
-all-darwin: build/darwin-amd64/nebula build/darwin-amd64/nebula-cert build/darwin-arm64/nebula build/darwin-arm64/nebula-cert
-
-all-windows: build/windows-amd64/nebula.exe build/windows-amd64/nebula-cert.exe build/windows-arm64/nebula.exe build/windows-arm64/nebula-cert.exe
-
-# CI cross-build shards. darwin-arm64 is covered by the native macos-latest
-# job; windows-amd64 is covered by the native windows-latest job; both are
-# omitted here to avoid building them a second time. darwin-amd64 stays in
-# all-cross-darwin because intel mac is only a labeled/master-time native
-# job, so PRs still need cross-build coverage for it.
-all-cross-linux: $(ALL_CROSS_LINUX:%=build/%/nebula) $(ALL_CROSS_LINUX:%=build/%/nebula-cert)
-
-all-cross-linux-arm:   $(ALL_CROSS_LINUX_ARM:%=build/%/nebula)   $(ALL_CROSS_LINUX_ARM:%=build/%/nebula-cert)
-
-all-cross-linux-mips:  $(ALL_CROSS_LINUX_MIPS:%=build/%/nebula)  $(ALL_CROSS_LINUX_MIPS:%=build/%/nebula-cert)
-
-all-cross-linux-other: $(ALL_CROSS_LINUX_OTHER:%=build/%/nebula) $(ALL_CROSS_LINUX_OTHER:%=build/%/nebula-cert)
-
-all-cross-darwin: build/darwin-amd64/nebula build/darwin-amd64/nebula-cert
-
-all-cross-windows: build/windows-arm64/nebula.exe build/windows-arm64/nebula-cert.exe
-
 docker: docker/linux-$(shell go env GOARCH)
 
 release: $(ALL:%=build/nebula-%.tar.gz)
@@ -148,8 +96,6 @@ release-netbsd: $(ALL_NETBSD:%=build/nebula-%.tar.gz)
 
 release-boringcrypto: build/nebula-linux-$(shell go env GOARCH)-boringcrypto.tar.gz
 
-release-fips140: $(ALL_FIPS140:%=build/nebula-%.tar.gz)
-
 BUILD_ARGS += -trimpath
 
 bin-windows: build/windows-amd64/nebula.exe build/windows-amd64/nebula-cert.exe
@@ -170,20 +116,17 @@ bin-freebsd-arm64: build/freebsd-arm64/nebula build/freebsd-arm64/nebula-cert
 bin-boringcrypto: build/linux-$(shell go env GOARCH)-boringcrypto/nebula build/linux-$(shell go env GOARCH)-boringcrypto/nebula-cert
 	mv $? .
 
-bin-fips140: build/linux-$(shell go env GOARCH)-fips140/nebula build/linux-$(shell go env GOARCH)-fips140/nebula-cert
-	mv $? .
-
 bin-pkcs11: BUILD_ARGS += -tags pkcs11
 bin-pkcs11: CGO_ENABLED = 1
 bin-pkcs11: bin
 
 bin:
-	$(GOENV) go build $(BUILD_ARGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o ./nebula${NEBULA_CMD_SUFFIX} ${NEBULA_CMD_PATH}
-	$(GOENV) go build $(BUILD_ARGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o ./nebula-cert${NEBULA_CMD_SUFFIX} ./cmd/nebula-cert
+	go build $(BUILD_ARGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o ./nebula${NEBULA_CMD_SUFFIX} ${NEBULA_CMD_PATH}
+	go build $(BUILD_ARGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o ./nebula-cert${NEBULA_CMD_SUFFIX} ./cmd/nebula-cert
 
 install:
-	$(GOENV) go install $(BUILD_ARGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" ${NEBULA_CMD_PATH}
-	$(GOENV) go install $(BUILD_ARGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" ./cmd/nebula-cert
+	go install $(BUILD_ARGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" ${NEBULA_CMD_PATH}
+	go install $(BUILD_ARGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" ./cmd/nebula-cert
 
 build/linux-arm-%: GOENV += GOARM=$(word 3, $(subst -, ,$*))
 build/linux-mips-%: GOENV += GOMIPS=$(word 3, $(subst -, ,$*))
@@ -194,11 +137,8 @@ build/linux-mips-softfloat/%: LDFLAGS += -s -w
 # boringcrypto
 build/linux-amd64-boringcrypto/%: GOENV += GOEXPERIMENT=boringcrypto CGO_ENABLED=1
 build/linux-arm64-boringcrypto/%: GOENV += GOEXPERIMENT=boringcrypto CGO_ENABLED=1
-
-# fips140
-FIPSVERSION = v1.0.0
-$(foreach _rule, $(ALL_FIPS140), build/$(_rule)/%): GOENV += GOFIPS140=$(FIPSVERSION)
-$(foreach _rule, $(ALL_FIPS140), build/$(_rule)/%): BUILD_ARGS += -tags fips140enforce
+build/linux-amd64-boringcrypto/%: LDFLAGS += -checklinkname=0
+build/linux-arm64-boringcrypto/%: LDFLAGS += -checklinkname=0
 
 build/%/nebula: .FORCE
 	GOOS=$(firstword $(subst -, , $*)) \
@@ -229,7 +169,10 @@ vet:
 	go vet $(VET_FLAGS) -v ./...
 
 test:
-	$(TEST_ENV) go test $(TEST_FLAGS) -v ./...
+	go test -v ./...
+
+test-boringcrypto:
+	GOEXPERIMENT=boringcrypto CGO_ENABLED=1 go test -ldflags "-checklinkname=0" -v ./...
 
 test-pkcs11:
 	CGO_ENABLED=1 go test -v -tags pkcs11 ./...
@@ -272,72 +215,26 @@ ifeq ($(words $(MAKECMDGOALS)),1)
 	@$(MAKE) service ${.DEFAULT_GOAL} --no-print-directory
 endif
 
-# Useful to chain together, like:
-# - make fips140 e2evv
-# - make fips140 smoke-docker
-# Use `release-fips140` to build release binaries
-fips140:
-	@echo > $(NULL_FILE)
-ifeq ($(strip $(GOFIPS140)),)
-	$(eval GOFIPS140 = $(FIPSVERSION))
-endif
-	$(eval GOENV += GOFIPS140=$(GOFIPS140))
-	$(eval BUILD_ARGS += -tags fips140enforce)
-	$(eval TEST_ENV += $(GOENV))
-	$(eval CURVE = P256)
-ifeq ($(words $(MAKECMDGOALS)),1)
-	@$(MAKE) fips140 GOFIPS140=$(GOFIPS140) ${.DEFAULT_GOAL} --no-print-directory
-endif
-
-# To test the future pending module, use like `make fips140-latest test`
-ALL_GOFIPS140 = v1.0.0 v1.26.0 latest
-define FIPS140_rule
-fips140-$(1): GOFIPS140 = $(1)
-fips140-$(1): fips140
-endef
-$(foreach _rule, $(ALL_GOFIPS140), $(eval $(call FIPS140_rule,$(_rule))))
-
-# Iterate and run the goals for all fips versions, like `make fips140-all GOALS=test`
-fips140-all:
-	@$(foreach _v,$(ALL_GOFIPS140),$(MAKE) fips140-$(_v) $(GOALS) &&) true
-
-# Useful to chain together, like:
-# - make boringcrypto e2evv
-# - make boringcrypto smoke-docker
-# Use `release-boringcrypto` or `bin-boringcrypto` to build release binaries
-boringcrypto:
-	@echo > $(NULL_FILE)
-	$(eval GOENV += GOEXPERIMENT=boringcrypto CGO_ENABLED=1)
-	$(eval TEST_ENV += $(GOENV))
-	$(eval CURVE = P256)
-ifeq ($(words $(MAKECMDGOALS)),1)
-	@$(MAKE) boringcrypto ${.DEFAULT_GOAL} --no-print-directory
-endif
-
 bin-docker: bin build/linux-amd64/nebula build/linux-amd64/nebula-cert
 
-smoke-docker: BUILD_ARGS += -race
-smoke-docker: GOENV += CGO_ENABLED=1
 smoke-docker: bin-docker
-	# This is so we can limit `fips140` smoke test to just P256 curve.
-	if [ "$(CURVE)" != "P256" ]; then cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && $(GOENV) ./build.sh; fi
-	if [ "$(CURVE)" != "P256" ]; then cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && $(GOENV) ./smoke.sh; fi
-	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && $(GOENV) NAME="smoke-p256" CURVE="P256" ./build.sh
-	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && $(GOENV) NAME="smoke-p256" ./smoke.sh
+	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && ./build.sh
+	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && ./smoke.sh
+	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && NAME="smoke-p256" CURVE="P256" ./build.sh
+	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && NAME="smoke-p256" ./smoke.sh
 
-smoke-relay-docker: BUILD_ARGS += -race
-smoke-relay-docker: GOENV += CGO_ENABLED=1
 smoke-relay-docker: bin-docker
-	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && $(GOENV) ./build-relay.sh
-	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && $(GOENV) ./smoke-relay.sh
+	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && ./build-relay.sh
+	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && ./smoke-relay.sh
 
-smoke-docker-ipv6: export SMOKE_OVERLAY_IPV6 = 1
-smoke-docker-ipv6: smoke-docker
+smoke-docker-race: BUILD_ARGS = -race
+smoke-docker-race: CGO_ENABLED = 1
+smoke-docker-race: smoke-docker
 
 smoke-vagrant/%: bin-docker build/%/nebula
 	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && ./build.sh $*
 	cd .github/workflows/smoke/ && ./smoke-vagrant.sh $*
 
 .FORCE:
-.PHONY: all all-linux all-freebsd all-openbsd all-netbsd all-darwin all-windows all-cross-linux all-cross-linux-arm all-cross-linux-mips all-cross-linux-other all-cross-darwin all-cross-windows bench bench-cpu bench-cpu-long bin bin-windows bin-windows-arm64 bin-darwin bin-freebsd bin-freebsd-arm64 bin-boringcrypto bin-fips140 bin-pkcs11 bin-docker boringcrypto build-test-mobile docker e2e e2ev e2evv e2evvv e2evvvv e2e-bench fips140 fips140-all $(ALL_GOFIPS140:%=fips140-%) install proto release release-linux release-freebsd release-openbsd release-netbsd release-boringcrypto release-fips140 service smoke-docker smoke-relay-docker smoke-docker-ipv6 test test-pkcs11 test-cov-html vet smoke-vagrant/%
+.PHONY: bench bench-cpu bench-cpu-long bin build-test-mobile e2e e2ev e2evv e2evvv e2evvvv proto release service smoke-docker smoke-docker-race test test-cov-html smoke-vagrant/%
 .DEFAULT_GOAL := bin

README.md

@@ -145,27 +145,17 @@ To build nebula for a specific platform (ex, Windows):
 
 See the [Makefile](Makefile) for more details on build targets
 
-## Curve P256 and FIPS 140-3 mode
+## Curve P256 and BoringCrypto
 
 The default curve used for cryptographic handshakes and signatures is Curve25519. This is the recommended setting for most users. If your deployment has certain compliance requirements, you have the option of creating your CA using `nebula-cert ca -curve P256` to use NIST Curve P256. The CA will then sign certificates using ECDSA P256, and any hosts using these certificates will use P256 for ECDH handshakes.
 
-Nebula can be built to support the [FIPS 140-3](https://go.dev/doc/security/fips140) mode of Go by running either of the following make targets. (This sets GOFIPS140=v1.0.0, which must be done at compile time so that the correct AES-GCM can be used for FIPS 140-3 enforcement mode).
-
-```sh
-make fips140
-make fips140 test
-make release-fips140
-```
-
-Nebula can also be built using the [BoringCrypto GOEXPERIMENT](https://github.com/golang/go/blob/go1.20/src/crypto/internal/boring/README.md) by running either of the following make targets.
+In addition, Nebula can be built using the [BoringCrypto GOEXPERIMENT](https://github.com/golang/go/blob/go1.20/src/crypto/internal/boring/README.md) by running either of the following make targets:
 
 ```sh
 make bin-boringcrypto
 make release-boringcrypto
 ```
 
-NOTE: boringcrypto support is deprecated and will be removed in the next release. Users should migrate to the native FIPS 140-3 mode described above.
-
 This is not the recommended default deployment, but may be useful based on your compliance requirements.
 
 ## Credits

bits.go

@@ -2,42 +2,24 @@ package nebula
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
-	"math"
-	mathbits "math/bits"
 
 	"github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics"
 )
 
-const bitsPerWord = 64
-
-// Bits is a sliding-window anti-replay tracker. The window is stored as a
-// circular bitmap packed into uint64 words (8x denser than a []bool), so a
-// length-N window costs N/8 bytes. length must be a power of two.
 type Bits struct {
 	length             uint64
-	lengthMask         uint64
 	current            uint64
-	bits               []uint64
+	bits               []bool
 	lostCounter        metrics.Counter
 	dupeCounter        metrics.Counter
 	outOfWindowCounter metrics.Counter
 }
 
-func NewBits(length uint64) *Bits {
-	if length == 0 || length&(length-1) != 0 {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Bits length must be a power of two, got %d", length))
-	}
-
-	nWords := length / bitsPerWord
-	if nWords == 0 {
-		nWords = 1
-	}
+func NewBits(bits uint64) *Bits {
 	b := &Bits{
-		length:             length,
-		lengthMask:         length - 1,
-		bits:               make([]uint64, nWords),
+		length:             bits,
+		bits:               make([]bool, bits, bits),
 		current:            0,
 		lostCounter:        metrics.GetOrRegisterCounter("network.packets.lost", nil),
 		dupeCounter:        metrics.GetOrRegisterCounter("network.packets.duplicate", nil),
@@ -45,194 +27,71 @@ func NewBits(length uint64) *Bits {
 	}
 
 	// There is no counter value 0, mark it to avoid counting a lost packet later.
-	b.bits[0] = 1
+	b.bits[0] = true
+	b.current = 0
 	return b
 }
 
-func (b *Bits) get(i uint64) bool {
-	pos := i & b.lengthMask
-	//bit-shifting by 6 because i is a bit index, not a u64 index, and we need to find the u64 without bit in it
-	return b.bits[pos>>6]&(uint64(1)<<(pos&63)) != 0
-}
-
-func (b *Bits) set(i uint64) {
-	pos := i & b.lengthMask
-	b.bits[pos>>6] |= uint64(1) << (pos & 63)
-}
-
-// clearRange clears `count` bits starting at circular position `startPos`
-// (already masked to [0, length)) and returns how many of them were set
-// before the clear. count must be in [1, length].
-func (b *Bits) clearRange(startPos, count uint64) uint64 {
-	wasSet := uint64(0)
-	if count >= b.length {
-		for _, w := range b.bits {
-			wasSet += uint64(mathbits.OnesCount64(w))
-		}
-		clear(b.bits)
-		return wasSet
-	}
-
-	pos := startPos
-	remaining := count
-
-	// handle the potential partial word before pos becomes u64 aligned
-	word := pos >> 6
-	bit := pos & 63
-	take := uint64(64) - bit
-	if take > remaining {
-		take = remaining
-	}
-	if take > b.length-pos {
-		take = b.length - pos
-	}
-	var mask uint64
-	if take == 64 {
-		mask = math.MaxUint64
-	} else {
-		mask = ((uint64(1) << take) - 1) << bit
-	}
-	wasSet += uint64(mathbits.OnesCount64(b.bits[word] & mask))
-	b.bits[word] &^= mask
-	remaining -= take
-	pos = (pos + take) & b.lengthMask
-
-	// Clear whole words, keeping track of the number of set bits
-	for remaining >= 64 {
-		word = pos >> 6
-		wasSet += uint64(mathbits.OnesCount64(b.bits[word]))
-		b.bits[word] = 0
-		remaining -= 64
-		pos = (pos + 64) & b.lengthMask
-	}
-
-	// Clear the remaining partial word
-	if remaining > 0 {
-		word = pos >> 6
-		mask = (uint64(1) << remaining) - 1
-		wasSet += uint64(mathbits.OnesCount64(b.bits[word] & mask))
-		b.bits[word] &^= mask
-	}
-
-	return wasSet
-}
-
-func (b *Bits) strictlyWithinWindow(i uint64) bool {
-	// Handle the case where the window hasn't slid yet. This avoids u64 underflow.
-	inWarmup := b.current < b.length
-	if i < b.length && inWarmup {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	// Next, if the packet is in-window, see if we've seen it before
-	if i > b.current-b.length {
-		return true
-	}
-	return false //not within window!
-}
-
-// Check returns true if i is within (or way out in front of) the window, and not a replay
 func (b *Bits) Check(l *slog.Logger, i uint64) bool {
 	// If i is the next number, return true.
 	if i > b.current {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	if b.strictlyWithinWindow(i) {
-		return !b.get(i)
+	// If i is within the window, check if it's been set already.
+	if i > b.current-b.length || i < b.length && b.current < b.length {
+		return !b.bits[i%b.length]
 	}
 
 	// Not within the window
 	if l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
-		l.Debug("rejected a packet (top)", "current", b.current, "incoming", i)
+		l.Debug("rejected a packet (top)",
+			"current", b.current,
+			"incoming", i,
+		)
 	}
 	return false
 }
 
-// Update has three branches:
-//   - i == b.current+1: fast path; advance the cursor by one and lose-count
-//     the slot we just stomped (only past warmup; see the i > b.length guard
-//     below).
-//   - i  >  b.current+1: jump path; clear all slots between current and i
-//     (or up to a full window's worth, whichever is smaller) via clearRange,
-//     then mark i. Two arms here: a warmup arm that handles the very first
-//     window before the cursor has slid, and a steady-state arm that treats
-//     every cleared empty slot as a lost packet.
-//   - i  <= b.current: in-window check for duplicates; out-of-window otherwise.
-//
-// NewBits seeds bits[0]=1 so counter 0 looks "received" — Update never
-// clears that marker during warmup (clearRange skips position 0 when
-// startPos=1), and once b.current >= b.length the marker is no longer
-// consulted. The marker prevents a fictitious "lost" hit on the first real
-// counter.
 func (b *Bits) Update(l *slog.Logger, i uint64) bool {
-	// Fast path: i is the next expected counter. Split out so the function
-	// stays small and avoids paying for the slow paths' slog argument-build
-	// stack frame on every call. The bit read/test/write is inlined to
-	// touch the backing word once.
+	// If i is the next number, return true and update current.
 	if i == b.current+1 {
-		pos := i & b.lengthMask
-		word := pos >> 6
-		mask := uint64(1) << (pos & 63)
-		w := b.bits[word]
-		if i > b.length && w&mask == 0 {
+		// Check if the oldest bit was lost since we are shifting the window by 1 and occupying it with this counter
+		// The very first window can only be tracked as lost once we are on the 2nd window or greater
+		if b.bits[i%b.length] == false && i > b.length {
 			b.lostCounter.Inc(1)
 		}
-		b.bits[word] = w | mask
+		b.bits[i%b.length] = true
 		b.current = i
 		return true
 	}
-	return b.updateSlow(l, i)
-}
 
-// updateSlow handles jumps, in-window backfill, dupes, and out-of-window.
-func (b *Bits) updateSlow(l *slog.Logger, i uint64) bool {
 	// If i is a jump, adjust the window, record lost, update current, and return true
 	if i > b.current {
-		end := i
-		if end > b.current+b.length {
-			end = b.current + b.length
-		}
-		count := end - b.current
-		startPos := (b.current + 1) & b.lengthMask
-
-		var lost int64
-		if b.current >= b.length {
-			// Steady state: every cleared slot is past warmup, so any unset
-			// bit we evict is a lost packet from the previous cycle.
-			wasSet := b.clearRange(startPos, count)
-			lost = int64(count) - int64(wasSet)
-		} else {
-			// Warmup (the very first window). Some cleared slots represent
-			// packets <= length where eviction is not "lost" in the usual
-			// sense. This branch is taken at most once per connection so we
-			// don't bother optimizing it.
-			for n := b.current + 1; n <= end; n++ {
-				if !b.get(n) && n > b.length {
+		lost := int64(0)
+		// Zero out the bits between the current and the new counter value, limited by the window size,
+		// since the window is shifting
+		for n := b.current + 1; n <= min(i, b.current+b.length); n++ {
+			if b.bits[n%b.length] == false && n > b.length {
 				lost++
 			}
-			}
-			b.clearRange(startPos, count)
+			b.bits[n%b.length] = false
 		}
 
-		// Anything past the new window can never be backfilled, so it's lost.
-		if i > b.current+b.length {
-			lost += int64(i - b.current - b.length)
-		}
+		// Only record any skipped packets as a result of the window moving further than the window length
+		// Any loss within the new window will be accounted for in future calls
+		lost += max(0, int64(i-b.current-b.length))
 		b.lostCounter.Inc(lost)
 
-		b.set(i)
+		b.bits[i%b.length] = true
 		b.current = i
 		return true
 	}
 
-	// If i is within the current window but below the current counter, check to see if it's a duplicate
-	if b.strictlyWithinWindow(i) {
-		pos := i & b.lengthMask
-		word := pos >> 6
-		mask := uint64(1) << (pos & 63)
-		w := b.bits[word]
-		if b.current == i || w&mask != 0 {
+	// If i is within the current window but below the current counter,
+	// Check to see if it's a duplicate
+	if i > b.current-b.length || i < b.length && b.current < b.length {
+		if b.current == i || b.bits[i%b.length] == true {
 			if l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
 				l.Debug("Receive window",
 					"accepted", false,
@@ -245,7 +104,7 @@ func (b *Bits) updateSlow(l *slog.Logger, i uint64) bool {
 			return false
 		}
 
-		b.bits[word] = w | mask
+		b.bits[i%b.length] = true
 		return true
 	}
 

bits_test.go

@@ -7,79 +7,61 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
 
-// snapshot returns the bitmap as a []bool of length b.length, for readable
-// test assertions against the now-packed []uint64 storage.
-func (b *Bits) snapshot() []bool {
-	out := make([]bool, b.length)
-	for i := uint64(0); i < b.length; i++ {
-		out[i] = b.get(i)
-	}
-	return out
-}
-
-func TestBitsRequiresPowerOfTwo(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.Panics(t, func() { NewBits(10) })
-	assert.Panics(t, func() { NewBits(0) })
-	assert.NotPanics(t, func() { NewBits(1) })
-	assert.NotPanics(t, func() { NewBits(16) })
-	assert.NotPanics(t, func() { NewBits(1024) })
-	assert.NotPanics(t, func() { NewBits(16384) })
-}
-
 func TestBits(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
-	b := NewBits(16)
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 16, b.length)
+	b := NewBits(10)
+
+	// make sure it is the right size
+	assert.Len(t, b.bits, 10)
 
 	// This is initialized to zero - receive one. This should work.
 	assert.True(t, b.Check(l, 1))
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 1))
 	assert.EqualValues(t, 1, b.current)
-	g := []bool{true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false}
-	assert.Equal(t, g, b.snapshot())
+	g := []bool{true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false}
+	assert.Equal(t, g, b.bits)
 
 	// Receive two
 	assert.True(t, b.Check(l, 2))
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 2))
 	assert.EqualValues(t, 2, b.current)
-	g = []bool{true, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false}
-	assert.Equal(t, g, b.snapshot())
+	g = []bool{true, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false}
+	assert.Equal(t, g, b.bits)
 
 	// Receive two again - it will fail
 	assert.False(t, b.Check(l, 2))
 	assert.False(t, b.Update(l, 2))
 	assert.EqualValues(t, 2, b.current)
 
-	// Jump ahead to 25, which clears the window and sets slot 25%16 = 9.
-	assert.True(t, b.Check(l, 25))
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 25))
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 25, b.current)
-	g = []bool{false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false}
-	assert.Equal(t, g, b.snapshot())
+	// Jump ahead to 15, which should clear everything and set the 6th element
+	assert.True(t, b.Check(l, 15))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 15))
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 15, b.current)
+	g = []bool{false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false}
+	assert.Equal(t, g, b.bits)
 
-	// Mark 24, which is in window (current 25, length 16, window covers [10,25]).
-	assert.True(t, b.Check(l, 24))
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 24))
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 25, b.current)
-	g = []bool{false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false}
-	assert.Equal(t, g, b.snapshot())
+	// Mark 14, which is allowed because it is in the window
+	assert.True(t, b.Check(l, 14))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 14))
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 15, b.current)
+	g = []bool{false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false}
+	assert.Equal(t, g, b.bits)
 
-	// Mark 5, not allowed because 5 <= current-length (25-16=9).
+	// Mark 5, which is not allowed because it is not in the window
 	assert.False(t, b.Check(l, 5))
 	assert.False(t, b.Update(l, 5))
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 25, b.current)
-	g = []bool{false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false, false, false}
-	assert.Equal(t, g, b.snapshot())
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 15, b.current)
+	g = []bool{false, false, false, false, true, true, false, false, false, false}
+	assert.Equal(t, g, b.bits)
 
-	// Make sure we handle wrapping around once to the same slot. With
-	// length=16, packets 1 and 17 share slot 1.
-	b = NewBits(16)
+	// make sure we handle wrapping around once to the current position
+	b = NewBits(10)
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 1))
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 17))
-	assert.Equal(t, []bool{false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false}, b.snapshot())
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 11))
+	assert.Equal(t, []bool{false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false}, b.bits)
 
 	// Walk through a few windows in order
-	b = NewBits(16)
+	b = NewBits(10)
 	for i := uint64(1); i <= 100; i++ {
 		assert.True(t, b.Check(l, i), "Error while checking %v", i)
 		assert.True(t, b.Update(l, i), "Error while updating %v", i)
@@ -90,31 +72,24 @@ func TestBits(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestBitsLargeJumps(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
-
-	// length=16. Update(55) from current=0:
-	//   warmup, per-bit loop sees no n>16 with unset bits (slot 0 was set by
-	//   NewBits and gets re-evaluated when n=16; n=16 is not strictly > 16),
-	//   so the loop contributes 0. The jump exceeds the window so we record
-	//   55 - 0 - 16 = 39 packets fell out the back.
-	b := NewBits(16)
+	b := NewBits(10)
 	b.lostCounter.Clear()
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 55))
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(39), b.lostCounter.Count())
 
-	// Update(100): clears 16 slots starting at slot 56%16=8. Only slot 7 (for
-	// packet 55) was set, so 16 - 1 = 15 evicted slots had unset bits.
-	// Plus 100 - 55 - 16 = 29 packets fell past the window. Total 44.
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 100))
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(39+44), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	b = NewBits(10)
+	b.lostCounter.Clear()
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 55)) // We saw packet 55 and can still track 45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(45), b.lostCounter.Count())
 
-	// Update(200): same shape: 16 - 1 = 15 evicted unset, plus 200 - 100 - 16 = 84 past window. Total 99.
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 200))
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(39+44+99), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 100)) // We saw packet 55 and 100 and can still track 90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(89), b.lostCounter.Count())
+
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 200)) // We saw packet 55, 100, and 200 and can still track 190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(188), b.lostCounter.Count())
 }
 
 func TestBitsDupeCounter(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
-	b := NewBits(16)
+	b := NewBits(10)
 	b.lostCounter.Clear()
 	b.dupeCounter.Clear()
 	b.outOfWindowCounter.Clear()
@@ -139,117 +114,120 @@ func TestBitsDupeCounter(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestBitsOutOfWindowCounter(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
-	b := NewBits(16)
+	b := NewBits(10)
 	b.lostCounter.Clear()
 	b.dupeCounter.Clear()
 	b.outOfWindowCounter.Clear()
 
-	// Jump to 20 (warmup branch + 4 past-window packets).
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 20))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.outOfWindowCounter.Count())
 
-	// 9 single-step advances, each evicts a slot whose bit was cleared during
-	// the jump above and whose value was never seen, so each contributes 1
-	// to lostCounter.
-	for n := uint64(21); n <= 29; n++ {
-		assert.True(t, b.Update(l, n))
-	}
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 21))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 22))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 23))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 24))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 25))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 26))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 27))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 28))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 29))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.outOfWindowCounter.Count())
 
-	// 0 is below current-length (29-16=13) so it falls outside the window.
 	assert.False(t, b.Update(l, 0))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.outOfWindowCounter.Count())
 
-	// 4 from the Update(20) jump + 9 from 21..29.
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(13), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(19), b.lostCounter.Count()) // packet 0 wasn't lost
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.dupeCounter.Count())
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.outOfWindowCounter.Count())
 }
 
 func TestBitsLostCounter(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
-	b := NewBits(16)
+	b := NewBits(10)
 	b.lostCounter.Clear()
 	b.dupeCounter.Clear()
 	b.outOfWindowCounter.Clear()
 
-	// Walk 20..29 like the original, just with a bigger window. Same
-	// reasoning as TestBitsOutOfWindowCounter: 4 past-window from Update(20),
-	// then 9 more from the unit advances.
-	for n := uint64(20); n <= 29; n++ {
-		assert.True(t, b.Update(l, n))
-	}
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(13), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 20))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 21))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 22))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 23))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 24))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 25))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 26))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 27))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 28))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 29))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(19), b.lostCounter.Count()) // packet 0 wasn't lost
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.dupeCounter.Count())
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.outOfWindowCounter.Count())
 
-	b = NewBits(16)
+	b = NewBits(10)
 	b.lostCounter.Clear()
 	b.dupeCounter.Clear()
 	b.outOfWindowCounter.Clear()
 
-	// Update(15) clears the warmup window (no lost), sets slot 15.
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 15))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 9))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.lostCounter.Count())
-
-	// Update(16): slot 0 was already set (NewBits seeded it), and 16 is not
-	// strictly > length, so nothing is recorded as lost.
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 16))
+	// 10 will set 0 index, 0 was already set, no lost packets
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 10))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.lostCounter.Count())
-
-	// Update(17): we jumped straight from 0 to 15, so slot 1 was cleared
-	// (and never re-set). 17 > 16 is past warmup, so packet 1 is recorded lost.
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 17))
+	// 11 will set 1 index, 1 was missed, we should see 1 packet lost
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 11))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	// Now let's fill in the window, should end up with 8 lost packets
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 12))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 13))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 14))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 15))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 16))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 17))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 18))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 19))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(8), b.lostCounter.Count())
 
-	// Fill in 18..30 in single steps. Each i evicts slot i%16. Slots 2..14
-	// were all cleared during Update(15), and we never re-set any of them,
-	// so each i in 18..30 is a fresh lost packet — 13 more.
-	for n := uint64(18); n <= 30; n++ {
-		assert.True(t, b.Update(l, n))
-	}
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(14), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	// Jump ahead by a window size
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 29))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(8), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	// Now lets walk ahead normally through the window, the missed packets should fill in
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 30))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 31))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 32))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 33))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 34))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 35))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 36))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 37))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 38))
+	// 39 packets tracked, 22 seen, 17 lost
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(17), b.lostCounter.Count())
 
-	// Jump ahead by exactly one window size.
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 46))
-	// end = min(46, 30+16) = 46, count = 16, all slots cleared. Before the
-	// jump every slot 0..15 had been set (Update(15), (16), (17), 18..30),
-	// so wasSet=16 and 46 == current+length means no past-window slack:
-	// lost contribution = 0.
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(14), b.lostCounter.Count())
-
-	// Walk 47..55. The Update(46) jump cleared every slot, so only slot 14
-	// (for packet 46) is set when we start. Each subsequent unit step lands
-	// on a slot that was cleared and is past warmup, so it counts as lost.
-	// 9 more = 23.
-	for n := uint64(47); n <= 55; n++ {
-		assert.True(t, b.Update(l, n))
-	}
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(23), b.lostCounter.Count())
-
-	// Jump ahead by two windows: clears the window plus past-window loss.
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 87))
-	// current=55, length=16. end = min(87, 71) = 71. count=16, all slots
-	// cleared. Slots set before the clear are slots 14,15,0..7 (10 total).
-	// Lost from clear = 16 - 10 = 6. Past window: 87 - 55 - 16 = 16. +22.
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(45), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	// Jump ahead by 2 windows, should have recording 1 full window missing
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 58))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(27), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	// Now lets walk ahead normally through the window, the missed packets should fill in from this window
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 59))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 60))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 61))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 62))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 63))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 64))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 65))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 66))
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 67))
+	// 68 packets tracked, 32 seen, 36 missed
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(36), b.lostCounter.Count())
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.dupeCounter.Count())
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.outOfWindowCounter.Count())
 }
 
 func TestBitsLostCounterIssue1(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
-	b := NewBits(16)
+	b := NewBits(10)
 	b.lostCounter.Clear()
 	b.dupeCounter.Clear()
 	b.outOfWindowCounter.Clear()
 
-	// Receive 4, backfill 1, then 9, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 (skip 8), 10, 11, 14.
-	// Then jump to 25 — slot 25%16=9 is being evicted, but it had been set
-	// (we received packet 9), so no spurious lost increment. The original
-	// regression was about double-counting a missing packet when its slot
-	// got cleared on a jump. With the jump path now using clearRange's
-	// word-level wasSet count, the same semantics hold.
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 4))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.lostCounter.Count())
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 1))
@@ -266,7 +244,7 @@ func TestBitsLostCounterIssue1(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.lostCounter.Count())
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 7))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.lostCounter.Count())
-	// Skip packet 8.
+	// assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 8))
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 10))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.lostCounter.Count())
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 11))
@@ -274,23 +252,9 @@ func TestBitsLostCounterIssue1(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 14))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.lostCounter.Count())
-
-	// Jump to 25. With length=16, slot 25%16=9 corresponds to packet 9
-	// (which we DID receive), so its bit is set and no lost++ from that
-	// eviction. The trace below shows the only loss is packet 8.
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 25))
-	// current was 14, i=25. end=min(25,30)=25. count=11. startPos=15.
-	// steady? current=14<16, so warmup branch: per-bit n=15..25, count those
-	// with !get(n) AND n>16. n=17..25 are >16. Among slots 17%16=1..25%16=9
-	// did we set slots 1..9 (packets 1..9)? Yes for all but slot 8 (packet 8
-	// was skipped). n=24 maps to slot 8 which is FALSE → lost++. All other
-	// n in 17..25 map to slots that are set. n=16 is not strictly > 16. So
-	// lost = 1.
+	// Issue seems to be here, we reset missing packet 8 to false here and don't increment the lost counter
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 19))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.lostCounter.Count())
-
-	// Fill in 12, 13, 15, 16. Each is below current=25 (in-window). 16 must
-	// recheck slot 0 — it was set by NewBits and then cleared by the
-	// Update(25) jump, so 16 backfills cleanly.
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 12))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.lostCounter.Count())
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 13))
@@ -299,140 +263,29 @@ func TestBitsLostCounterIssue1(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.lostCounter.Count())
 	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 16))
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 17))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 18))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 20))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.lostCounter.Count())
+	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 21))
 
-	// We missed packet 8 above and that loss is still recorded once, never
-	// double-counted, never zeroed.
+	// We missed packet 8 above
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.lostCounter.Count())
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.dupeCounter.Count())
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.outOfWindowCounter.Count())
 }
 
-// TestBitsWarmupOvershoot exercises the jump path's warmup arm with an
-// overshoot past one full window. NewBits leaves current=0 with only slot 0
-// "set" by the marker. Jumping straight to length+k must (a) clear every
-// slot the jump straddles, (b) count only past-window slack (not the
-// in-window slots, which never had a "lost" tenant during warmup), and
-// (c) leave the cursor at the new counter so subsequent unit advances
-// count from steady state. The marker bit at slot 0 is irrelevant once
-// current >= length.
-func TestBitsWarmupOvershoot(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	b := NewBits(16)
-	b.lostCounter.Clear()
-
-	// Jump from current=0 to i=20 (length=16, overshoot=4).
-	// Warmup arm: counts slots in [1..16] where bit unset and n>length.
-	// Only n=16 was unset and >length: but slot 16%16=0 is the marker,
-	// so b.get(16) reads bits[0]=1 and skips. Result: 0 lost from the loop.
-	// Past-window: i - current - length = 20 - 0 - 16 = 4 lost.
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 20))
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(4), b.lostCounter.Count())
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(20), b.current)
-
-	// Steady state now (current=20 >= length=16). Unit advance to 21
-	// stomps slot 21%16=5, which was cleared by the jump and not reset,
-	// so this is +1 lost.
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 21))
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(5), b.lostCounter.Count())
-}
-
-// TestBitsCheckAcrossWarmupBoundary pins the underflow trick in Check's
-// in-window clause. While in warmup, b.current-b.length underflows uint64
-// to a huge value so the first OR-clause is always false; the second
-// clause (i < length && current < length) carries the in-window check.
-// Once current >= length the regimes flip cleanly.
-func TestBitsCheckAcrossWarmupBoundary(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	b := NewBits(16)
-
-	// Warmup: current=0. Check(0) must read the marker (set) and return false.
-	assert.False(t, b.Check(l, 0), "marker slot should look already-received")
-	// Warmup: any 0 < i < length is in-window and unset → accepted.
-	for i := uint64(1); i < 16; i++ {
-		assert.True(t, b.Check(l, i), "warmup in-window i=%d should be accepted", i)
-	}
-	// Warmup: i >= length but > current is "next number" so accepted.
-	assert.True(t, b.Check(l, 16))
-	assert.True(t, b.Check(l, 1_000_000))
-
-	// Cross into steady state.
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 100))
-	// Now current=100, length=16. In-window range is [85..100].
-	// 84 is just outside: the underflow clause activates; 84 > 100-16=84 is false.
-	// And the warmup clause is false (current >= length). So out of window.
-	assert.False(t, b.Check(l, 84))
-	// 85 sits at the boundary. 85 > 84 is true → in window, unset → accept.
-	assert.True(t, b.Check(l, 85))
-	// 100 is current itself; not strictly greater, in-window, but already set.
-	assert.False(t, b.Check(l, 100))
-	// Way out: clearly out of window.
-	assert.False(t, b.Check(l, 50))
-}
-
-// TestBitsMarkerInvariant verifies the seeded bits[0]=1 marker behaves
-// correctly across warmup and beyond. Update should never clear the marker
-// during warmup (clearRange skips position 0 when startPos=1), and once
-// current >= length the marker is no longer consulted by Check/Update on
-// the live path — but it must still report counter 0 as a duplicate while
-// we are in warmup.
-func TestBitsMarkerInvariant(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	b := NewBits(8)
-
-	// Counter 0 is the seeded marker; Check sees it as already received.
-	assert.False(t, b.Check(l, 0))
-	// Update(0) at current=0 hits the duplicate branch.
-	b.dupeCounter.Clear()
-	assert.False(t, b.Update(l, 0))
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), b.dupeCounter.Count())
-
-	// Walk forward through warmup; the marker must remain set.
-	for n := uint64(1); n <= 7; n++ {
-		assert.True(t, b.Update(l, n))
-	}
-	// Position 0 (the marker) should still read as set because we never
-	// cleared it; Update(0) still looks like a duplicate.
-	assert.False(t, b.Check(l, 0))
-
-	// Cross into steady state with a unit advance to 8: pos=0, evicts the
-	// marker bit. The lost-counter guard (i > b.length) is false (8 == 8),
-	// so this advance does NOT charge a lost packet — exactly what the
-	// marker is there to prevent.
-	b.lostCounter.Clear()
-	assert.True(t, b.Update(l, 8))
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), b.lostCounter.Count())
-	// The slot at pos 0 is now occupied by counter 8.
-	assert.False(t, b.Check(l, 8))
-}
-
-// BenchmarkBitsUpdateInOrder is the steady-state hot path: each call is
-// i == current+1.
-func BenchmarkBitsUpdateInOrder(b *testing.B) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	z := NewBits(16384)
+func BenchmarkBits(b *testing.B) {
+	z := NewBits(10)
 	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-		z.Update(l, uint64(n)+1)
+		for i := range z.bits {
+			z.bits[i] = true
+		}
+		for i := range z.bits {
+			z.bits[i] = false
 		}
-}
 
-// BenchmarkBitsUpdateReorder simulates light reorder within the window:
-// every other packet arrives one slot behind its predecessor (forces the
-// in-window backfill branch).
-func BenchmarkBitsUpdateReorder(b *testing.B) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	z := NewBits(16384)
-	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-		base := uint64(n) * 2
-		z.Update(l, base+2)
-		z.Update(l, base+1)
-	}
-}
-
-// BenchmarkBitsUpdateLargeJumps stresses the clearRange word-level path.
-func BenchmarkBitsUpdateLargeJumps(b *testing.B) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	z := NewBits(16384)
-	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-		z.Update(l, uint64(n+1)*1000)
 	}
 }

cert/ca_pool.go

@@ -217,10 +217,6 @@ func (ncp *CAPool) verify(c Certificate, now time.Time, certFp string, signerFp
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if signer.Certificate.Curve() != c.Curve() {
-		return nil, ErrCurveMismatch
-	}
-
 	if signer.Certificate.Expired(now) {
 		return nil, ErrRootExpired
 	}

cert/ca_pool_test.go

@@ -654,31 +654,3 @@ func TestCertificateV2_Verify_Subnets(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err = caPool.VerifyCertificate(time.Now(), c)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
-
-func TestCertificateV2_CurveMismatch(t *testing.T) {
-	caIp1 := mustParsePrefixUnmapped("10.0.0.0/16")
-	caIp2 := mustParsePrefixUnmapped("192.168.0.0/24")
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := NewTestCaCert(Version2, Curve_P256, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), []netip.Prefix{caIp1, caIp2}, nil, []string{"test"})
-
-	caPem, err := ca.MarshalPEM()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	caPool := NewCAPool()
-	b, err := caPool.AddCAFromPEM(caPem)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Empty(t, b)
-
-	// ip is outside the network
-	cIp1 := mustParsePrefixUnmapped("10.0.0.1/24")
-	c, _, _, _ := NewTestCert(Version2, Curve_P256, ca, caKey, "test", time.Now(), time.Now().Add(5*time.Minute), []netip.Prefix{cIp1}, nil, []string{"test"})
-
-	fp, _ := c.Fingerprint()
-	_, err = caPool.verify(c, time.Now(), fp, c.Issuer())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	//
-	c2 := c.(*certificateV2)
-	c2.curve = Curve_CURVE25519
-	fp, _ = c.Fingerprint()
-	_, err = caPool.verify(c, time.Now(), fp, c.Issuer())
-	require.Error(t, err)
-}

cert/cert_v1.go

@@ -112,9 +112,6 @@ func (c *certificateV1) CheckSignature(key []byte) bool {
 	}
 	switch c.details.curve {
 	case Curve_CURVE25519:
-		if len(key) != ed25519.PublicKeySize {
-			return false //avoids a panic internal to ed25519
-		}
 		return ed25519.Verify(key, b, c.signature)
 	case Curve_P256:
 		pubKey, err := ecdsa.ParseUncompressedPublicKey(elliptic.P256(), key)

cert/cert_v2.go

@@ -151,9 +151,6 @@ func (c *certificateV2) CheckSignature(key []byte) bool {
 
 	switch c.curve {
 	case Curve_CURVE25519:
-		if len(key) != ed25519.PublicKeySize {
-			return false //avoids a panic internal to ed25519
-		}
 		return ed25519.Verify(key, b, c.signature)
 	case Curve_P256:
 		pubKey, err := ecdsa.ParseUncompressedPublicKey(elliptic.P256(), key)

cert/errors.go

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ var (
 	ErrCaNotFound                 = errors.New("could not find ca for the certificate")
 	ErrUnknownVersion             = errors.New("certificate version unrecognized")
 	ErrCertPubkeyPresent          = errors.New("certificate has unexpected pubkey present")
-	ErrCurveMismatch              = errors.New("certificate curve does not match CA")
 
 	ErrInvalidPEMBlock                   = errors.New("input did not contain a valid PEM encoded block")
 	ErrInvalidPEMCertificateBanner       = errors.New("bytes did not contain a proper certificate banner")

cert/helper_test.go

@@ -13,12 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ed25519"
 )
 
-// testCertNow is the reference "now" used to derive default before/after times
-// in NewTestCaCert and NewTestCert. Holding it fixed for the lifetime of the
-// test binary keeps CA and leaf defaults aligned at the same second, so a leaf
-// signed with default times can never expire after its CA on a rounding race.
-var testCertNow = time.Now().Round(time.Second)
-
 // NewTestCaCert will create a new ca certificate
 func NewTestCaCert(version Version, curve Curve, before, after time.Time, networks, unsafeNetworks []netip.Prefix, groups []string) (Certificate, []byte, []byte, []byte) {
 	var err error
@@ -40,10 +34,10 @@ func NewTestCaCert(version Version, curve Curve, before, after time.Time, networ
 	}
 
 	if before.IsZero() {
-		before = testCertNow.Add(time.Second * -60)
+		before = time.Now().Add(time.Second * -60).Round(time.Second)
 	}
 	if after.IsZero() {
-		after = testCertNow.Add(time.Second * 60)
+		after = time.Now().Add(time.Second * 60).Round(time.Second)
 	}
 
 	t := &TBSCertificate{
@@ -76,11 +70,11 @@ func NewTestCaCert(version Version, curve Curve, before, after time.Time, networ
 // Expiry times are defaulted if you do not pass them in
 func NewTestCert(v Version, curve Curve, ca Certificate, key []byte, name string, before, after time.Time, networks, unsafeNetworks []netip.Prefix, groups []string) (Certificate, []byte, []byte, []byte) {
 	if before.IsZero() {
-		before = testCertNow.Add(time.Second * -60)
+		before = time.Now().Add(time.Second * -60).Round(time.Second)
 	}
 
 	if after.IsZero() {
-		after = testCertNow.Add(time.Second * 60)
+		after = time.Now().Add(time.Second * 60).Round(time.Second)
 	}
 
 	if len(networks) == 0 {

cert/pem.go

@@ -148,9 +148,6 @@ func MarshalSigningPublicKeyToPEM(curve Curve, b []byte) []byte {
 	}
 }
 
-// UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM will try to unmarshal the first pem block in a byte array, returning any non
-// consumed data or an error on failure. Only key-agreement (ECDH) public key banners are accepted.
-// Use UnmarshalSigningPublicKeyFromPEM for Ed25519/ECDSA banners.
 func UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, Curve, error) {
 	k, r := pem.Decode(b)
 	if k == nil {
@@ -159,10 +156,10 @@ func UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, Curve, error) {
 	var expectedLen int
 	var curve Curve
 	switch k.Type {
-	case X25519PublicKeyBanner:
+	case X25519PublicKeyBanner, Ed25519PublicKeyBanner:
 		expectedLen = 32
 		curve = Curve_CURVE25519
-	case P256PublicKeyBanner:
+	case P256PublicKeyBanner, ECDSAP256PublicKeyBanner:
 		// Uncompressed
 		expectedLen = 65
 		curve = Curve_P256
@@ -175,33 +172,6 @@ func UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, Curve, error) {
 	return k.Bytes, r, curve, nil
 }
 
-// UnmarshalSigningPublicKeyFromPEM will try to unmarshal the first pem block in a byte array, returning any non
-// consumed data or an error on failure. Only Ed25519/ECDSA public key banners are accepted.
-// Use UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM for X25519/P256 (ECDH) banners.
-func UnmarshalSigningPublicKeyFromPEM(b []byte) ([]byte, []byte, Curve, error) {
-	k, r := pem.Decode(b)
-	if k == nil {
-		return nil, r, 0, fmt.Errorf("input did not contain a valid PEM encoded block")
-	}
-	var expectedLen int
-	var curve Curve
-	switch k.Type {
-	case Ed25519PublicKeyBanner:
-		expectedLen = 32
-		curve = Curve_CURVE25519
-	case ECDSAP256PublicKeyBanner:
-		// Uncompressed
-		expectedLen = 65
-		curve = Curve_P256
-	default:
-		return nil, r, 0, fmt.Errorf("bytes did not contain a proper Ed25519/ECDSA public key banner")
-	}
-	if len(k.Bytes) != expectedLen {
-		return nil, r, 0, fmt.Errorf("key was not %d bytes, is invalid %s public key", expectedLen, curve)
-	}
-	return k.Bytes, r, curve, nil
-}
-
 func MarshalPrivateKeyToPEM(curve Curve, b []byte) []byte {
 	switch curve {
 	case Curve_CURVE25519:

cert/pem_test.go

@@ -255,6 +255,60 @@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
 func TestUnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	pubKey := []byte(`# A good key
+-----BEGIN NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
+-----END NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
+`)
+	shortKey := []byte(`# A short key
+-----BEGIN NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
+-----END NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
+`)
+	invalidBanner := []byte(`# Invalid banner
+-----BEGIN NOT A NEBULA PUBLIC KEY-----
+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
+-----END NOT A NEBULA PUBLIC KEY-----
+`)
+	invalidPem := []byte(`# Not a valid PEM format
+-BEGIN NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
+AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
+-END NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----`)
+
+	keyBundle := appendByteSlices(pubKey, shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem)
+
+	// Success test case
+	k, rest, curve, err := UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(keyBundle)
+	assert.Len(t, k, 32)
+	assert.Equal(t, Curve_CURVE25519, curve)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem))
+
+	// Fail due to short key
+	k, rest, curve, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
+	assert.Nil(t, k)
+	assert.Equal(t, Curve_CURVE25519, curve)
+	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(invalidBanner, invalidPem))
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "key was not 32 bytes, is invalid CURVE25519 public key")
+
+	// Fail due to invalid banner
+	k, rest, curve, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
+	assert.Nil(t, k)
+	assert.Equal(t, Curve_CURVE25519, curve)
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "bytes did not contain a proper public key banner")
+	assert.Equal(t, rest, invalidPem)
+
+	// Fail due to invalid PEM format, because
+	// it's missing the requisite pre-encapsulation boundary.
+	k, rest, curve, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
+	assert.Nil(t, k)
+	assert.Equal(t, Curve_CURVE25519, curve)
+	assert.Equal(t, rest, invalidPem)
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "input did not contain a valid PEM encoded block")
+}
+
+func TestUnmarshalX25519PublicKey(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	pubKey := []byte(`# A good key
 -----BEGIN NEBULA X25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
 -----END NEBULA X25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
@@ -265,7 +319,7 @@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
 -----END NEBULA P256 PUBLIC KEY-----
 `)
-	signingKey := []byte(`# A signing key has the wrong scope for this function
+	oldPubP256Key := []byte(`# A good key
 -----BEGIN NEBULA ECDSA P256 PUBLIC KEY-----
 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
@@ -286,118 +340,44 @@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
 -END NEBULA X25519 PUBLIC KEY-----`)
 
-	keyBundle := appendByteSlices(pubKey, pubP256Key, signingKey, shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem)
+	keyBundle := appendByteSlices(pubKey, pubP256Key, oldPubP256Key, shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem)
 
-	// X25519 key
+	// Success test case
 	k, rest, curve, err := UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(keyBundle)
 	assert.Len(t, k, 32)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(pubP256Key, signingKey, shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem))
+	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(pubP256Key, oldPubP256Key, shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem))
 	assert.Equal(t, Curve_CURVE25519, curve)
 
-	// P256 key
+	// Success test case
 	k, rest, curve, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
 	assert.Len(t, k, 65)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(signingKey, shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem))
+	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(oldPubP256Key, shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem))
 	assert.Equal(t, Curve_P256, curve)
 
-	// Reject a signing public key (Ed25519/ECDSA banner)
-	k, rest, _, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
-	assert.Nil(t, k)
-	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem))
-	require.EqualError(t, err, "bytes did not contain a proper public key banner")
-
-	// Fail due to short key
-	k, rest, _, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
-	assert.Nil(t, k)
-	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(invalidBanner, invalidPem))
-	require.EqualError(t, err, "key was not 32 bytes, is invalid CURVE25519 public key")
-
-	// Fail due to invalid banner
-	k, rest, _, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
-	assert.Nil(t, k)
-	require.EqualError(t, err, "bytes did not contain a proper public key banner")
-	assert.Equal(t, rest, invalidPem)
-
-	// Fail due to invalid PEM format, because
-	// it's missing the requisite pre-encapsulation boundary.
-	k, rest, _, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
-	assert.Nil(t, k)
-	assert.Equal(t, rest, invalidPem)
-	require.EqualError(t, err, "input did not contain a valid PEM encoded block")
-}
-
-func TestUnmarshalSigningPublicKeyFromPEM(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	pubKey := []byte(`# A good key
------BEGIN NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
------END NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
-`)
-	pubP256Key := []byte(`# A good key
------BEGIN NEBULA ECDSA P256 PUBLIC KEY-----
-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
------END NEBULA ECDSA P256 PUBLIC KEY-----
-`)
-	ecdhKey := []byte(`# A key-agreement key has the wrong scope for this function
------BEGIN NEBULA X25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
------END NEBULA X25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
-`)
-	shortKey := []byte(`# A short key
------BEGIN NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
------END NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
-`)
-	invalidBanner := []byte(`# Invalid banner
------BEGIN NOT A NEBULA PUBLIC KEY-----
-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
------END NOT A NEBULA PUBLIC KEY-----
-`)
-	invalidPem := []byte(`# Not a valid PEM format
--BEGIN NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----
-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
--END NEBULA ED25519 PUBLIC KEY-----`)
-
-	keyBundle := appendByteSlices(pubKey, pubP256Key, ecdhKey, shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem)
-
-	// Ed25519 key
-	k, rest, curve, err := UnmarshalSigningPublicKeyFromPEM(keyBundle)
-	assert.Len(t, k, 32)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(pubP256Key, ecdhKey, shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem))
-	assert.Equal(t, Curve_CURVE25519, curve)
-
-	// ECDSA P256 key
-	k, rest, curve, err = UnmarshalSigningPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
+	// Success test case
+	k, rest, curve, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
 	assert.Len(t, k, 65)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(ecdhKey, shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem))
+	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem))
 	assert.Equal(t, Curve_P256, curve)
 
-	// Reject a key-agreement public key (X25519/P256 banner)
-	k, rest, _, err = UnmarshalSigningPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
-	assert.Nil(t, k)
-	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(shortKey, invalidBanner, invalidPem))
-	require.EqualError(t, err, "bytes did not contain a proper Ed25519/ECDSA public key banner")
-
 	// Fail due to short key
-	k, rest, _, err = UnmarshalSigningPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
+	k, rest, curve, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
 	assert.Nil(t, k)
 	assert.Equal(t, rest, appendByteSlices(invalidBanner, invalidPem))
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "key was not 32 bytes, is invalid CURVE25519 public key")
 
 	// Fail due to invalid banner
-	k, rest, _, err = UnmarshalSigningPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
+	k, rest, curve, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
 	assert.Nil(t, k)
-	require.EqualError(t, err, "bytes did not contain a proper Ed25519/ECDSA public key banner")
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "bytes did not contain a proper public key banner")
 	assert.Equal(t, rest, invalidPem)
 
 	// Fail due to invalid PEM format, because
 	// it's missing the requisite pre-encapsulation boundary.
-	k, rest, _, err = UnmarshalSigningPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
+	k, rest, curve, err = UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(rest)
 	assert.Nil(t, k)
 	assert.Equal(t, rest, invalidPem)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "input did not contain a valid PEM encoded block")

cert_test/cert.go

@@ -14,12 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ed25519"
 )
 
-// testCertNow is the reference "now" used to derive default before/after times
-// in NewTestCaCert and NewTestCert. Holding it fixed for the lifetime of the
-// test binary keeps CA and leaf defaults aligned at the same second, so a leaf
-// signed with default times can never expire after its CA on a rounding race.
-var testCertNow = time.Now().Round(time.Second)
-
 // NewTestCaCert will create a new ca certificate
 func NewTestCaCert(version cert.Version, curve cert.Curve, before, after time.Time, networks, unsafeNetworks []netip.Prefix, groups []string) (cert.Certificate, []byte, []byte, []byte) {
 	var err error
@@ -41,10 +35,10 @@ func NewTestCaCert(version cert.Version, curve cert.Curve, before, after time.Ti
 	}
 
 	if before.IsZero() {
-		before = testCertNow.Add(time.Second * -60)
+		before = time.Now().Add(time.Second * -60).Round(time.Second)
 	}
 	if after.IsZero() {
-		after = testCertNow.Add(time.Second * 60)
+		after = time.Now().Add(time.Second * 60).Round(time.Second)
 	}
 
 	t := &cert.TBSCertificate{
@@ -77,11 +71,11 @@ func NewTestCaCert(version cert.Version, curve cert.Curve, before, after time.Ti
 // Expiry times are defaulted if you do not pass them in
 func NewTestCert(v cert.Version, curve cert.Curve, ca cert.Certificate, key []byte, name string, before, after time.Time, networks, unsafeNetworks []netip.Prefix, groups []string) (cert.Certificate, []byte, []byte, []byte) {
 	if before.IsZero() {
-		before = testCertNow.Add(time.Second * -60)
+		before = time.Now().Add(time.Second * -60).Round(time.Second)
 	}
 
 	if after.IsZero() {
-		after = testCertNow.Add(time.Second * 60)
+		after = time.Now().Add(time.Second * 60).Round(time.Second)
 	}
 
 	var pub, priv []byte
@@ -169,55 +163,3 @@ func P256Keypair() ([]byte, []byte) {
 	pubkey := privkey.PublicKey()
 	return pubkey.Bytes(), privkey.Bytes()
 }
-
-// DummyCert is a minimal cert.Certificate implementation for testing error paths.
-type DummyCert struct {
-	Version_        cert.Version
-	Curve_          cert.Curve
-	Groups_         []string
-	IsCA_           bool
-	Issuer_         string
-	Name_           string
-	Networks_       []netip.Prefix
-	NotAfter_       time.Time
-	NotBefore_      time.Time
-	PublicKey_      []byte
-	Signature_      []byte
-	UnsafeNetworks_ []netip.Prefix
-}
-
-func (d *DummyCert) Version() cert.Version                         { return d.Version_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) Curve() cert.Curve                             { return d.Curve_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) Groups() []string                              { return d.Groups_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) IsCA() bool                                    { return d.IsCA_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) Issuer() string                                { return d.Issuer_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) Name() string                                  { return d.Name_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) Networks() []netip.Prefix                      { return d.Networks_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) NotAfter() time.Time                           { return d.NotAfter_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) NotBefore() time.Time                          { return d.NotBefore_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) PublicKey() []byte                             { return d.PublicKey_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) Signature() []byte                             { return d.Signature_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) UnsafeNetworks() []netip.Prefix                { return d.UnsafeNetworks_ }
-func (d *DummyCert) Fingerprint() (string, error)                  { return "", nil }
-func (d *DummyCert) CheckSignature(key []byte) bool                { return false }
-func (d *DummyCert) MarshalForHandshakes() ([]byte, error)         { return nil, nil }
-func (d *DummyCert) MarshalPEM() ([]byte, error)                   { return nil, nil }
-func (d *DummyCert) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error)                  { return nil, nil }
-func (d *DummyCert) Marshal() ([]byte, error)                      { return nil, nil }
-func (d *DummyCert) String() string                                { return "dummy" }
-func (d *DummyCert) Copy() cert.Certificate                        { return d }
-func (d *DummyCert) VerifyPrivateKey(c cert.Curve, k []byte) error { return nil }
-func (d *DummyCert) Expired(time.Time) bool                        { return false }
-func (d *DummyCert) MarshalPublicKeyPEM() []byte                   { return nil }
-func (d *DummyCert) PublicKeyPEM() []byte                          { return nil }
-
-// NewTestCAPool creates a CAPool from the given CA certificates, panicking on error.
-func NewTestCAPool(cas ...cert.Certificate) *cert.CAPool {
-	pool := cert.NewCAPool()
-	for _, ca := range cas {
-		if err := pool.AddCA(ca); err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-	}
-	return pool
-}

cmd/nebula-cert/ca.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package main
 import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"crypto/elliptic"
-	"crypto/fips140"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
@@ -44,13 +43,6 @@ type caFlags struct {
 	subnets *string
 }
 
-func defaultCurve() string {
-	if fips140.Enforced() {
-		return "P256"
-	}
-	return "25519"
-}
-
 func newCaFlags() *caFlags {
 	cf := caFlags{set: flag.NewFlagSet("ca", flag.ContinueOnError)}
 	cf.set.Usage = func() {}
@@ -67,7 +59,7 @@ func newCaFlags() *caFlags {
 	cf.argonParallelism = cf.set.Uint("argon-parallelism", 4, "Optional: Argon2 parallelism parameter used for encrypted private key passphrase")
 	cf.argonIterations = cf.set.Uint("argon-iterations", 1, "Optional: Argon2 iterations parameter used for encrypted private key passphrase")
 	cf.encryption = cf.set.Bool("encrypt", false, "Optional: prompt for passphrase and write out-key in an encrypted format")
-	cf.curve = cf.set.String("curve", defaultCurve(), "EdDSA/ECDSA Curve (25519, P256)")
+	cf.curve = cf.set.String("curve", "25519", "EdDSA/ECDSA Curve (25519, P256)")
 	cf.p11url = p11Flag(cf.set)
 
 	cf.ips = cf.set.String("ips", "", "Deprecated, see -networks")
@@ -105,19 +97,6 @@ func ca(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader) error
 		if err = mustFlagString("out-key", cf.outKeyPath); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-	} else {
-		// out-key is meaningless under PKCS#11 because the private key never
-		// leaves the HSM; reject it so we never silently accept or claim a
-		// stdout slot for it.
-		outKeySet := false
-		cf.set.Visit(func(f *flag.Flag) {
-			if f.Name == "out-key" {
-				outKeySet = true
-			}
-		})
-		if outKeySet {
-			return newHelpErrorf("cannot set -out-key with -pkcs11")
-		}
 	}
 	if err := mustFlagString("out-crt", cf.outCertPath); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -192,21 +171,12 @@ func ca(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader) error
 		}
 	}
 
-	var claims ioClaims
-	if err := reserveOutputs(&claims,
-		"out-key", *cf.outKeyPath,
-		"out-crt", *cf.outCertPath,
-		"out-qr", *cf.outQRPath,
-	); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	var passphrase []byte
 	if !isP11 && *cf.encryption {
 		passphrase = []byte(os.Getenv("NEBULA_CA_PASSPHRASE"))
 		if len(passphrase) == 0 {
 			for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
-				errOut.Write([]byte("Enter passphrase: "))
+				out.Write([]byte("Enter passphrase: "))
 				passphrase, err = pr.ReadPassword()
 
 				if err == ErrNoTerminal {
@@ -291,17 +261,15 @@ func ca(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader) error
 		Curve:          curve,
 	}
 
-	if !isP11 && !isStdio(*cf.outKeyPath) {
+	if !isP11 {
 		if _, err := os.Stat(*cf.outKeyPath); err == nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("refusing to overwrite existing CA key: %s", *cf.outKeyPath)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if !isStdio(*cf.outCertPath) {
 	if _, err := os.Stat(*cf.outCertPath); err == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("refusing to overwrite existing CA cert: %s", *cf.outCertPath)
 	}
-	}
 
 	var c cert.Certificate
 	var b []byte
@@ -326,7 +294,7 @@ func ca(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader) error
 			b = cert.MarshalSigningPrivateKeyToPEM(curve, rawPriv)
 		}
 
-		err = writeOutput(*cf.outKeyPath, b, 0600, out)
+		err = os.WriteFile(*cf.outKeyPath, b, 0600)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while writing out-key: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -337,7 +305,7 @@ func ca(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader) error
 		return fmt.Errorf("error while marshalling certificate: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	err = writeOutput(*cf.outCertPath, b, 0600, out)
+	err = os.WriteFile(*cf.outCertPath, b, 0600)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error while writing out-crt: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -348,7 +316,7 @@ func ca(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader) error
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while generating qr code: %s", err)
 		}
 
-		err = writeOutput(*cf.outQRPath, b, 0600, out)
+		err = os.WriteFile(*cf.outQRPath, b, 0600)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while writing out-qr: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -364,7 +332,6 @@ func caSummary() string {
 func caHelp(out io.Writer) {
 	cf := newCaFlags()
 	out.Write([]byte("Usage of " + os.Args[0] + " " + caSummary() + "\n"))
-	out.Write([]byte(stdioHelpText))
 	cf.set.SetOutput(out)
 	cf.set.PrintDefaults()
 }

cmd/nebula-cert/ca_test.go

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ func Test_caHelp(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(
 		t,
 		"Usage of "+os.Args[0]+" ca <flags>: create a self signed certificate authority\n"+
-			"  Pass \"-\" to any path flag to read from stdin or write to stdout.\n"+
 			"  -argon-iterations uint\n"+
 			"    \tOptional: Argon2 iterations parameter used for encrypted private key passphrase (default 1)\n"+
 			"  -argon-memory uint\n"+
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ func Test_ca(t *testing.T) {
 		err:      nil,
 	}
 
-	pwPromptEB := "Enter passphrase: "
+	pwPromptOb := "Enter passphrase: "
 
 	// required args
 	assertHelpError(t, ca(
@@ -169,8 +168,8 @@ func Test_ca(t *testing.T) {
 	eb.Reset()
 	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-encrypt", "-name", "test", "-duration", "100m", "-groups", "1,2,3,4,5", "-out-crt", crtF.Name(), "-out-key", keyF.Name()}
 	require.NoError(t, ca(args, ob, eb, testpw))
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, pwPromptEB, eb.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, pwPromptOb, ob.String())
+	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
 
 	// test encrypted key with passphrase environment variable
 	os.Remove(keyF.Name())
@@ -208,8 +207,8 @@ func Test_ca(t *testing.T) {
 	eb.Reset()
 	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-encrypt", "-name", "test", "-duration", "100m", "-groups", "1,2,3,4,5", "-out-crt", crtF.Name(), "-out-key", keyF.Name()}
 	require.Error(t, ca(args, ob, eb, errpw))
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, pwPromptEB, eb.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, pwPromptOb, ob.String())
+	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
 
 	// test when user fails to enter a password
 	os.Remove(keyF.Name())
@@ -218,8 +217,8 @@ func Test_ca(t *testing.T) {
 	eb.Reset()
 	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-encrypt", "-name", "test", "-duration", "100m", "-groups", "1,2,3,4,5", "-out-crt", crtF.Name(), "-out-key", keyF.Name()}
 	require.EqualError(t, ca(args, ob, eb, nopw), "no passphrase specified, remove -encrypt flag to write out-key in plaintext")
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, strings.Repeat(pwPromptEB, 5), eb.String()) // prompts 5 times before giving up
+	assert.Equal(t, strings.Repeat(pwPromptOb, 5), ob.String()) // prompts 5 times before giving up
+	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
 
 	// create valid cert/key for overwrite tests
 	os.Remove(keyF.Name())
@@ -248,67 +247,3 @@ func Test_ca(t *testing.T) {
 	os.Remove(keyF.Name())
 
 }
-
-func Test_ca_stdio(t *testing.T) {
-	nopw := &StubPasswordReader{}
-
-	keyF, err := os.CreateTemp("", "ca.key")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	os.Remove(keyF.Name())
-	defer os.Remove(keyF.Name())
-
-	crtF, err := os.CreateTemp("", "ca.crt")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	os.Remove(crtF.Name())
-	defer os.Remove(crtF.Name())
-
-	// out-crt on stdout, out-key on disk
-	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	eb := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	require.NoError(t, ca([]string{"-name", "test-ca", "-duration", "1h", "-out-crt", "-", "-out-key", keyF.Name()}, ob, eb, nopw))
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-	c, _, err := cert.UnmarshalCertificateFromPEM(ob.Bytes())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.True(t, c.IsCA())
-	assert.Equal(t, "test-ca", c.Name())
-
-	// out-key on stdout, out-crt on disk
-	os.Remove(keyF.Name())
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	require.NoError(t, ca([]string{"-name", "test-ca", "-duration", "1h", "-out-crt", crtF.Name(), "-out-key", "-"}, ob, eb, nopw))
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-	_, _, curve, err := cert.UnmarshalSigningPrivateKeyFromPEM(ob.Bytes())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, curve)
-
-	// dual stdout is rejected up front
-	os.Remove(crtF.Name())
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	require.EqualError(t,
-		ca([]string{"-name", "test-ca", "-duration", "1h", "-out-crt", "-", "-out-key", "-"}, ob, eb, nopw),
-		`-out-key and -out-crt both set to "-", only one output may write to stdout`)
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-
-	// an output conflict combined with -encrypt must error BEFORE prompting
-	// for a passphrase; pr would record any read attempt
-	tracker := &trackingPasswordReader{}
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	require.EqualError(t,
-		ca([]string{"-name", "test-ca", "-duration", "1h", "-encrypt", "-out-crt", "-", "-out-key", "-"}, ob, eb, tracker),
-		`-out-key and -out-crt both set to "-", only one output may write to stdout`)
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-	assert.Zero(t, tracker.calls, "passphrase prompt should not have been called")
-}
-
-type trackingPasswordReader struct {
-	calls int
-}
-
-func (pr *trackingPasswordReader) ReadPassword() ([]byte, error) {
-	pr.calls++
-	return []byte(""), nil
-}

cmd/nebula-cert/fips140enforce.go

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-//go:build fips140enforce
-
-//go:debug fips140=only
-
-package main

cmd/nebula-cert/keygen.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func newKeygenFlags() *keygenFlags {
 	cf.set.Usage = func() {}
 	cf.outPubPath = cf.set.String("out-pub", "", "Required: path to write the public key to")
 	cf.outKeyPath = cf.set.String("out-key", "", "Required: path to write the private key to")
-	cf.curve = cf.set.String("curve", defaultCurve(), "ECDH Curve (25519, P256)")
+	cf.curve = cf.set.String("curve", "25519", "ECDH Curve (25519, P256)")
 	cf.p11url = p11Flag(cf.set)
 	return &cf
 }
@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@ func keygen(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer) error {
 		if err = mustFlagString("out-key", cf.outKeyPath); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-	} else if *cf.outKeyPath != "" {
-		return newHelpErrorf("cannot set -out-key with -pkcs11")
 	}
 	if err = mustFlagString("out-pub", cf.outPubPath); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -71,14 +69,6 @@ func keygen(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	var claims ioClaims
-	if err := reserveOutputs(&claims,
-		"out-key", *cf.outKeyPath,
-		"out-pub", *cf.outPubPath,
-	); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	if isP11 {
 		p11Client, err := pkclient.FromUrl(*cf.p11url)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -92,12 +82,12 @@ func keygen(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while getting public key: %w", err)
 		}
 	} else {
-		err = writeOutput(*cf.outKeyPath, cert.MarshalPrivateKeyToPEM(curve, rawPriv), 0600, out)
+		err = os.WriteFile(*cf.outKeyPath, cert.MarshalPrivateKeyToPEM(curve, rawPriv), 0600)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while writing out-key: %s", err)
 		}
 	}
-	err = writeOutput(*cf.outPubPath, cert.MarshalPublicKeyToPEM(curve, pub), 0600, out)
+	err = os.WriteFile(*cf.outPubPath, cert.MarshalPublicKeyToPEM(curve, pub), 0600)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error while writing out-pub: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -112,7 +102,6 @@ func keygenSummary() string {
 func keygenHelp(out io.Writer) {
 	cf := newKeygenFlags()
 	_, _ = out.Write([]byte("Usage of " + os.Args[0] + " " + keygenSummary() + "\n"))
-	_, _ = out.Write([]byte(stdioHelpText))
 	cf.set.SetOutput(out)
 	cf.set.PrintDefaults()
 }

cmd/nebula-cert/keygen_test.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ func Test_keygenHelp(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(
 		t,
 		"Usage of "+os.Args[0]+" keygen <flags>: create a public/private key pair. the public key can be passed to `nebula-cert sign`\n"+
-			"  Pass \"-\" to any path flag to read from stdin or write to stdout.\n"+
 			"  -curve string\n"+
 			"    \tECDH Curve (25519, P256) (default \"25519\")\n"+
 			"  -out-key string\n"+
@@ -94,43 +93,3 @@ func Test_keygen(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Len(t, lPub, 32)
 }
-
-func Test_keygen_stdio(t *testing.T) {
-	keyF, err := os.CreateTemp("", "test.key")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	os.Remove(keyF.Name())
-	defer os.Remove(keyF.Name())
-
-	pubF, err := os.CreateTemp("", "test.pub")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	os.Remove(pubF.Name())
-	defer os.Remove(pubF.Name())
-
-	// out-pub on stdout, out-key on disk
-	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	eb := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	require.NoError(t, keygen([]string{"-out-pub", "-", "-out-key", keyF.Name()}, ob, eb))
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-	lPub, _, curve, err := cert.UnmarshalPublicKeyFromPEM(ob.Bytes())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, curve)
-	assert.Len(t, lPub, 32)
-
-	// out-key on stdout, out-pub on disk
-	os.Remove(keyF.Name())
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	require.NoError(t, keygen([]string{"-out-pub", pubF.Name(), "-out-key", "-"}, ob, eb))
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-	lKey, _, curve, err := cert.UnmarshalPrivateKeyFromPEM(ob.Bytes())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, curve)
-	assert.Len(t, lKey, 32)
-
-	// both on stdout is a conflict caught up front
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	require.EqualError(t, keygen([]string{"-out-pub", "-", "-out-key", "-"}, ob, eb),
-		`-out-key and -out-pub both set to "-", only one output may write to stdout`)
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-}

cmd/nebula-cert/passwords.go

@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@ func (pr StdinPasswordReader) ReadPassword() ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 
 	password, err := term.ReadPassword(int(os.Stdin.Fd()))
-	// Terminal echo is off while reading, so the user's Enter key does not
-	// produce a visible newline. Emit one on stderr to match the prompt.
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
+	fmt.Println()
 
 	return password, err
 }

cmd/nebula-cert/print.go

@@ -40,23 +40,11 @@ func printCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var claims ioClaims
-	if err := reserveInputs(&claims, "path", *pf.path); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := reserveOutputs(&claims, "out-qr", *pf.outQRPath); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	rawCert, err := readInput("path", *pf.path, &claims)
+	rawCert, err := os.ReadFile(*pf.path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to read cert; %s", err)
 	}
 
-	// When the QR is going to stdout, suppress the human-readable text/json
-	// output so the binary stream is not contaminated.
-	qrToStdout := isStdio(*pf.outQRPath)
-
 	var c cert.Certificate
 	var qrBytes []byte
 	part := 0
@@ -69,14 +57,12 @@ func printCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while unmarshaling cert: %s", err)
 		}
 
-		if !qrToStdout {
 		if *pf.json {
 			jsonCerts = append(jsonCerts, c)
 		} else {
 			_, _ = out.Write([]byte(c.String()))
 			_, _ = out.Write([]byte("\n"))
 		}
-		}
 
 		if *pf.outQRPath != "" {
 			b, err := c.MarshalPEM()
@@ -93,7 +79,7 @@ func printCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer) error {
 		part++
 	}
 
-	if *pf.json && !qrToStdout {
+	if *pf.json {
 		b, _ := json.Marshal(jsonCerts)
 		_, _ = out.Write(b)
 		_, _ = out.Write([]byte("\n"))
@@ -105,7 +91,7 @@ func printCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while generating qr code: %s", err)
 		}
 
-		err = writeOutput(*pf.outQRPath, b, 0600, out)
+		err = os.WriteFile(*pf.outQRPath, b, 0600)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while writing out-qr: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -121,7 +107,6 @@ func printSummary() string {
 func printHelp(out io.Writer) {
 	pf := newPrintFlags()
 	out.Write([]byte("Usage of " + os.Args[0] + " " + printSummary() + "\n"))
-	out.Write([]byte(stdioHelpText))
 	pf.set.SetOutput(out)
 	pf.set.PrintDefaults()
 }

cmd/nebula-cert/print_test.go

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ func Test_printHelp(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(
 		t,
 		"Usage of "+os.Args[0]+" print <flags>: prints details about a certificate\n"+
-			"  Pass \"-\" to any path flag to read from stdin or write to stdout.\n"+
 			"  -json\n"+
 			"    \tOptional: outputs certificates in json format\n"+
 			"  -out-qr string\n"+
@@ -179,44 +178,6 @@ func Test_printCert(t *testing.T) {
 		ob.String(),
 	)
 	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-
-	// read cert from stdin
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewReader(p))
-	err = printCert([]string{"-json", "-path", "-"}, ob, eb)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(
-		t,
-		`[{"details":{"curve":"CURVE25519","groups":["hi"],"isCa":false,"issuer":"`+c.Issuer()+`","name":"test","networks":["10.0.0.123/8"],"notAfter":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","notBefore":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","publicKey":"`+pk+`","unsafeNetworks":[]},"fingerprint":"`+fp+`","signature":"`+sig+`","version":1}]
-`,
-		ob.String(),
-	)
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-
-	// -out-qr - sends only the PNG to stdout, suppressing the cert dump
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewReader(p))
-	err = printCert([]string{"-path", "-", "-out-qr", "-"}, ob, eb)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-	stdout := ob.Bytes()
-	require.NotEmpty(t, stdout)
-	// PNG magic, no PEM/JSON noise prepended
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte{0x89, 'P', 'N', 'G', 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x1a, 0x0a}, stdout[:8])
-	assert.NotContains(t, string(stdout), "NebulaCertificate")
-	assert.NotContains(t, string(stdout), `"details"`)
-
-	// json + out-qr - still suppresses json
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewReader(p))
-	err = printCert([]string{"-json", "-path", "-", "-out-qr", "-"}, ob, eb)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte{0x89, 'P', 'N', 'G'}, ob.Bytes()[:4])
-	assert.NotContains(t, ob.String(), `"details"`)
 }
 
 // NewTestCaCert will generate a CA cert

cmd/nebula-cert/sign.go

@@ -85,9 +85,6 @@ func signCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader)
 	if !isP11 && *sf.inPubPath != "" && *sf.outKeyPath != "" {
 		return newHelpErrorf("cannot set both -in-pub and -out-key")
 	}
-	if isP11 && *sf.outKeyPath != "" {
-		return newHelpErrorf("cannot set -out-key with -pkcs11")
-	}
 
 	var v4Networks []netip.Prefix
 	var v6Networks []netip.Prefix
@@ -105,35 +102,13 @@ func signCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader)
 		return newHelpErrorf("-version must be either %v or %v", cert.Version1, cert.Version2)
 	}
 
-	if *sf.outKeyPath == "" {
-		*sf.outKeyPath = *sf.name + ".key"
-	}
-	if *sf.outCertPath == "" {
-		*sf.outCertPath = *sf.name + ".crt"
-	}
-
-	var claims ioClaims
-	if err := reserveInputs(&claims,
-		"ca-key", *sf.caKeyPath,
-		"ca-crt", *sf.caCertPath,
-		"in-pub", *sf.inPubPath,
-	); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := reserveOutputs(&claims,
-		"out-key", *sf.outKeyPath,
-		"out-crt", *sf.outCertPath,
-		"out-qr", *sf.outQRPath,
-	); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	var curve cert.Curve
 	var caKey []byte
 
 	if !isP11 {
 		var rawCAKey []byte
-		rawCAKey, err = readInput("ca-key", *sf.caKeyPath, &claims)
+		rawCAKey, err := os.ReadFile(*sf.caKeyPath)
+
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while reading ca-key: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -146,7 +121,7 @@ func signCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader)
 			if len(passphrase) == 0 {
 				// ask for a passphrase until we get one
 				for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
-					errOut.Write([]byte("Enter passphrase: "))
+					out.Write([]byte("Enter passphrase: "))
 					passphrase, err = pr.ReadPassword()
 
 					if errors.Is(err, ErrNoTerminal) {
@@ -172,7 +147,7 @@ func signCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader)
 		}
 	}
 
-	rawCACert, err := readInput("ca-crt", *sf.caCertPath, &claims)
+	rawCACert, err := os.ReadFile(*sf.caCertPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error while reading ca-crt: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -270,7 +245,7 @@ func signCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader)
 
 	if *sf.inPubPath != "" {
 		var pubCurve cert.Curve
-		rawPub, err := readInput("in-pub", *sf.inPubPath, &claims)
+		rawPub, err := os.ReadFile(*sf.inPubPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while reading in-pub: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -291,11 +266,17 @@ func signCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader)
 		pub, rawPriv = newKeypair(curve)
 	}
 
-	if !isStdio(*sf.outCertPath) {
+	if *sf.outKeyPath == "" {
+		*sf.outKeyPath = *sf.name + ".key"
+	}
+
+	if *sf.outCertPath == "" {
+		*sf.outCertPath = *sf.name + ".crt"
+	}
+
 	if _, err := os.Stat(*sf.outCertPath); err == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("refusing to overwrite existing cert: %s", *sf.outCertPath)
 	}
-	}
 
 	var crts []cert.Certificate
 
@@ -379,13 +360,11 @@ func signCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader)
 	}
 
 	if !isP11 && *sf.inPubPath == "" {
-		if !isStdio(*sf.outKeyPath) {
 		if _, err := os.Stat(*sf.outKeyPath); err == nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("refusing to overwrite existing key: %s", *sf.outKeyPath)
 		}
-		}
 
-		err = writeOutput(*sf.outKeyPath, cert.MarshalPrivateKeyToPEM(curve, rawPriv), 0600, out)
+		err = os.WriteFile(*sf.outKeyPath, cert.MarshalPrivateKeyToPEM(curve, rawPriv), 0600)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while writing out-key: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -400,7 +379,7 @@ func signCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader)
 		b = append(b, sb...)
 	}
 
-	err = writeOutput(*sf.outCertPath, b, 0600, out)
+	err = os.WriteFile(*sf.outCertPath, b, 0600)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error while writing out-crt: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -411,7 +390,7 @@ func signCert(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer, pr PasswordReader)
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while generating qr code: %s", err)
 		}
 
-		err = writeOutput(*sf.outQRPath, b, 0600, out)
+		err = os.WriteFile(*sf.outQRPath, b, 0600)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error while writing out-qr: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -461,7 +440,6 @@ func signSummary() string {
 func signHelp(out io.Writer) {
 	sf := newSignFlags()
 	out.Write([]byte("Usage of " + os.Args[0] + " " + signSummary() + "\n"))
-	out.Write([]byte(stdioHelpText))
 	sf.set.SetOutput(out)
 	sf.set.PrintDefaults()
 }

cmd/nebula-cert/sign_test.go

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ func Test_signHelp(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(
 		t,
 		"Usage of "+os.Args[0]+" sign <flags>: create and sign a certificate\n"+
-			"  Pass \"-\" to any path flag to read from stdin or write to stdout.\n"+
 			"  -ca-crt string\n"+
 			"    \tOptional: path to the signing CA cert (default \"ca.crt\")\n"+
 			"  -ca-key string\n"+
@@ -377,18 +376,15 @@ func Test_signCert(t *testing.T) {
 	// test with the proper password
 	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-ca-crt", caCrtF.Name(), "-ca-key", caKeyF.Name(), "-name", "test", "-ip", "1.1.1.1/24", "-out-crt", crtF.Name(), "-out-key", keyF.Name(), "-duration", "100m", "-subnets", "10.1.1.1/32, ,   10.2.2.2/32   ,   ,  ,, 10.5.5.5/32", "-groups", "1,,   2    ,        ,,,3,4,5"}
 	require.NoError(t, signCert(args, ob, eb, testpw))
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "Enter passphrase: ", eb.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "Enter passphrase: ", ob.String())
+	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
 
 	// test with the proper password in the environment
 	os.Remove(crtF.Name())
 	os.Remove(keyF.Name())
 	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-ca-crt", caCrtF.Name(), "-ca-key", caKeyF.Name(), "-name", "test", "-ip", "1.1.1.1/24", "-out-crt", crtF.Name(), "-out-key", keyF.Name(), "-duration", "100m", "-subnets", "10.1.1.1/32, ,   10.2.2.2/32   ,   ,  ,, 10.5.5.5/32", "-groups", "1,,   2    ,        ,,,3,4,5"}
 	os.Setenv("NEBULA_CA_PASSPHRASE", string(passphrase))
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
 	require.NoError(t, signCert(args, ob, eb, testpw))
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
 	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
 	os.Setenv("NEBULA_CA_PASSPHRASE", "")
 
@@ -399,8 +395,8 @@ func Test_signCert(t *testing.T) {
 	testpw.password = []byte("invalid password")
 	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-ca-crt", caCrtF.Name(), "-ca-key", caKeyF.Name(), "-name", "test", "-ip", "1.1.1.1/24", "-out-crt", crtF.Name(), "-out-key", keyF.Name(), "-duration", "100m", "-subnets", "10.1.1.1/32, ,   10.2.2.2/32   ,   ,  ,, 10.5.5.5/32", "-groups", "1,,   2    ,        ,,,3,4,5"}
 	require.Error(t, signCert(args, ob, eb, testpw))
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "Enter passphrase: ", eb.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "Enter passphrase: ", ob.String())
+	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
 
 	// test with the wrong password in environment
 	ob.Reset()
@@ -420,8 +416,8 @@ func Test_signCert(t *testing.T) {
 	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-ca-crt", caCrtF.Name(), "-ca-key", caKeyF.Name(), "-name", "test", "-ip", "1.1.1.1/24", "-out-crt", crtF.Name(), "-out-key", keyF.Name(), "-duration", "100m", "-subnets", "10.1.1.1/32, ,   10.2.2.2/32   ,   ,  ,, 10.5.5.5/32", "-groups", "1,,   2    ,        ,,,3,4,5"}
 	require.Error(t, signCert(args, ob, eb, nopw))
 	// normally the user hitting enter on the prompt would add newlines between these
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "Enter passphrase: Enter passphrase: Enter passphrase: Enter passphrase: Enter passphrase: ", eb.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "Enter passphrase: Enter passphrase: Enter passphrase: Enter passphrase: Enter passphrase: ", ob.String())
+	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
 
 	// test an error condition
 	ob.Reset()
@@ -429,106 +425,6 @@ func Test_signCert(t *testing.T) {
 
 	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-ca-crt", caCrtF.Name(), "-ca-key", caKeyF.Name(), "-name", "test", "-ip", "1.1.1.1/24", "-out-crt", crtF.Name(), "-out-key", keyF.Name(), "-duration", "100m", "-subnets", "10.1.1.1/32, ,   10.2.2.2/32   ,   ,  ,, 10.5.5.5/32", "-groups", "1,,   2    ,        ,,,3,4,5"}
 	require.Error(t, signCert(args, ob, eb, errpw))
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-	assert.Equal(t, "Enter passphrase: ", eb.String())
-}
-
-func Test_signCert_stdio(t *testing.T) {
-	nopw := &StubPasswordReader{
-		password: []byte(""),
-		err:      nil,
-	}
-
-	caPub, caPriv, _ := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
-	rawCAKey := cert.MarshalSigningPrivateKeyToPEM(cert.Curve_CURVE25519, caPriv)
-
-	ca, _ := NewTestCaCert("ca", caPub, caPriv, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(time.Minute*200), nil, nil, nil)
-	rawCACrt, _ := ca.MarshalPEM()
-
-	caCrtF, err := os.CreateTemp("", "sign-cert.crt")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer os.Remove(caCrtF.Name())
-	caCrtF.Write(rawCACrt)
-
-	caKeyF, err := os.CreateTemp("", "sign-cert.key")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer os.Remove(caKeyF.Name())
-	caKeyF.Write(rawCAKey)
-
-	keyF, err := os.CreateTemp("", "sign.key")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	os.Remove(keyF.Name())
-	defer os.Remove(keyF.Name())
-
-	// ca-key on stdin, cert to stdout
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewReader(rawCAKey))
-	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	eb := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	args := []string{"-version", "1", "-ca-crt", caCrtF.Name(), "-ca-key", "-", "-name", "stdin-test", "-ip", "1.1.1.1/24", "-out-crt", "-", "-out-key", keyF.Name(), "-duration", "100m"}
-	require.NoError(t, signCert(args, ob, eb, nopw))
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-
-	lCrt, _, err := cert.UnmarshalCertificateFromPEM(ob.Bytes())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, "stdin-test", lCrt.Name())
-	assert.True(t, lCrt.CheckSignature(caPub))
-
-	// two flags reading from stdin should error before any read attempt;
-	// otherwise an interactive shell would hang on io.ReadAll
-	stdinIn := bytes.NewReader(rawCAKey)
-	withStdin(t, stdinIn)
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-ca-crt", "-", "-ca-key", "-", "-name", "stdin-test", "-ip", "1.1.1.1/24", "-out-crt", "nope", "-out-key", "nope", "-duration", "100m"}
-	require.EqualError(t, signCert(args, ob, eb, nopw),
-		`-ca-key and -ca-crt both set to "-", only one input may read from stdin`)
-	assert.Equal(t, len(rawCAKey), stdinIn.Len(), "stdin should be untouched when conflict is caught up front")
-
-	// two flags writing to stdout should error before any output is written
-	// AND before stdin is consumed
-	stdinR := bytes.NewReader(rawCAKey)
-	withStdin(t, stdinR)
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-ca-crt", caCrtF.Name(), "-ca-key", "-", "-name", "stdin-test", "-ip", "1.1.1.1/24", "-out-crt", "-", "-out-key", "-", "-duration", "100m"}
-	require.EqualError(t, signCert(args, ob, eb, nopw),
-		`-out-key and -out-crt both set to "-", only one output may write to stdout`)
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-	// stdin should be untouched because the conflict was caught up front
-	assert.Equal(t, len(rawCAKey), stdinR.Len())
-
-	// out-key on stdout, cert on disk
-	keyF2, err := os.CreateTemp("", "sign.key")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	os.Remove(keyF2.Name())
-	defer os.Remove(keyF2.Name())
-	crtF, err := os.CreateTemp("", "sign.crt")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	os.Remove(crtF.Name())
-	defer os.Remove(crtF.Name())
-
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-ca-crt", caCrtF.Name(), "-ca-key", caKeyF.Name(), "-name", "stdin-test", "-ip", "1.1.1.1/24", "-out-crt", crtF.Name(), "-out-key", "-", "-duration", "100m"}
-	require.NoError(t, signCert(args, ob, eb, nopw))
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-	_, _, curve, err := cert.UnmarshalPrivateKeyFromPEM(ob.Bytes())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, curve)
-
-	// in-pub on stdin (caller already has a keypair, only the cert is generated)
-	inPub, _ := x25519Keypair()
-	rawInPub := cert.MarshalPublicKeyToPEM(cert.Curve_CURVE25519, inPub)
-
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewReader(rawInPub))
-	os.Remove(crtF.Name())
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	args = []string{"-version", "1", "-ca-crt", caCrtF.Name(), "-ca-key", caKeyF.Name(), "-name", "in-pub-test", "-ip", "1.1.1.1/24", "-in-pub", "-", "-out-crt", "-", "-duration", "100m"}
-	require.NoError(t, signCert(args, ob, eb, nopw))
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-	stdinCrt, _, err := cert.UnmarshalCertificateFromPEM(ob.Bytes())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, "in-pub-test", stdinCrt.Name())
-	assert.Equal(t, inPub, stdinCrt.PublicKey())
+	assert.Equal(t, "Enter passphrase: ", ob.String())
+	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
 }

cmd/nebula-cert/stdio.go

@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-)
-
-// stdioPath is the special path value that selects stdin (for inputs) or
-// stdout (for outputs) instead of a file on disk.
-const stdioPath = "-"
-
-// stdioHelpText is rendered just under the Usage line of each subcommand
-// help so the - convention is documented once instead of on every flag.
-const stdioHelpText = "  Pass \"-\" to any path flag to read from stdin or write to stdout.\n"
-
-// stdinReader is the source used when an input flag is set to "-".
-// It is a package level var so tests can swap in a deterministic reader.
-// Tests that mutate stdinReader cannot run with t.Parallel().
-var stdinReader io.Reader = os.Stdin
-
-// ioClaims tracks which flags have claimed stdin and stdout during a single
-// command invocation so we can refuse a second flag asking for the same
-// stream.
-type ioClaims struct {
-	in  string
-	out string
-}
-
-func (c *ioClaims) claimIn(flagName string) error {
-	if c.in != "" && c.in != flagName {
-		return fmt.Errorf("-%s and -%s both set to %q, only one input may read from stdin", c.in, flagName, stdioPath)
-	}
-	c.in = flagName
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *ioClaims) claimOut(flagName string) error {
-	if c.out != "" && c.out != flagName {
-		return fmt.Errorf("-%s and -%s both set to %q, only one output may write to stdout", c.out, flagName, stdioPath)
-	}
-	c.out = flagName
-	return nil
-}
-
-// reserveInputs walks alternating (flagName, path) pairs and claims stdin
-// for any path equal to stdioPath. It must be called before any input is
-// read so a conflict can be reported immediately instead of blocking on
-// io.ReadAll while waiting for input that will never arrive.
-func reserveInputs(claims *ioClaims, pairs ...string) error {
-	return reserveStdio(claims, "reserveInputs", (*ioClaims).claimIn, pairs)
-}
-
-// reserveOutputs walks alternating (flagName, path) pairs and claims stdout
-// for any path equal to stdioPath. It must be called before any output is
-// written so a conflict cannot leave one stream half written before the
-// second flag fails.
-func reserveOutputs(claims *ioClaims, pairs ...string) error {
-	return reserveStdio(claims, "reserveOutputs", (*ioClaims).claimOut, pairs)
-}
-
-func reserveStdio(claims *ioClaims, who string, claim func(*ioClaims, string) error, pairs []string) error {
-	if len(pairs)%2 != 0 {
-		panic(who + " requires alternating name, path pairs")
-	}
-	for i := 0; i < len(pairs); i += 2 {
-		name, path := pairs[i], pairs[i+1]
-		if path != stdioPath {
-			continue
-		}
-		if err := claim(claims, name); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// readInput returns the bytes referenced by path, reading from stdin when
-// path is stdioPath.
-func readInput(flagName, path string, claims *ioClaims) ([]byte, error) {
-	if path == stdioPath {
-		if err := claims.claimIn(flagName); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return io.ReadAll(stdinReader)
-	}
-	return os.ReadFile(path)
-}
-
-// openInput returns a reader for path. When path is stdioPath the returned
-// reader wraps stdin and Close is a no-op.
-func openInput(flagName, path string, claims *ioClaims) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-	if path == stdioPath {
-		if err := claims.claimIn(flagName); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return io.NopCloser(stdinReader), nil
-	}
-	return os.Open(path)
-}
-
-// writeOutput writes data to path, or to stdout when path is stdioPath. perm
-// is only used for file output. The caller must have already claimed stdout
-// via reserveOutputs before invoking with stdioPath.
-func writeOutput(path string, data []byte, perm os.FileMode, stdout io.Writer) error {
-	if path == stdioPath {
-		_, err := stdout.Write(data)
-		return err
-	}
-	return os.WriteFile(path, data, perm)
-}
-
-// isStdio reports whether path is the stdio sentinel and so should skip
-// existence checks like "refuse to overwrite".
-func isStdio(path string) bool {
-	return path == stdioPath
-}

cmd/nebula-cert/stdio_test.go

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-// withStdin temporarily replaces stdinReader for the duration of t.
-func withStdin(t *testing.T, r io.Reader) {
-	t.Helper()
-	prev := stdinReader
-	stdinReader = r
-	t.Cleanup(func() { stdinReader = prev })
-}
-
-func Test_readInput_stdin(t *testing.T) {
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewBufferString("hello"))
-	var claims ioClaims
-
-	got, err := readInput("path", "-", &claims)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte("hello"), got)
-	assert.Equal(t, "path", claims.in)
-}
-
-func Test_readInput_file(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	p := filepath.Join(dir, "f")
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(p, []byte("file"), 0600))
-	var claims ioClaims
-
-	got, err := readInput("path", p, &claims)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte("file"), got)
-	assert.Empty(t, claims.in)
-}
-
-func Test_readInput_doubleStdinErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewBufferString("hello"))
-	var claims ioClaims
-
-	_, err := readInput("ca-key", "-", &claims)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	_, err = readInput("ca-crt", "-", &claims)
-	require.EqualError(t, err, `-ca-key and -ca-crt both set to "-", only one input may read from stdin`)
-}
-
-func Test_openInput_stdin(t *testing.T) {
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewBufferString("hi"))
-	var claims ioClaims
-
-	r, err := openInput("ca", "-", &claims)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer r.Close()
-	b, err := io.ReadAll(r)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte("hi"), b)
-}
-
-func Test_openInput_doubleStdinErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewBufferString("hi"))
-	var claims ioClaims
-
-	r, err := openInput("ca", "-", &claims)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	r.Close()
-
-	_, err = openInput("crt", "-", &claims)
-	require.EqualError(t, err, `-ca and -crt both set to "-", only one input may read from stdin`)
-}
-
-func Test_writeOutput_stdout(t *testing.T) {
-	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-
-	err := writeOutput("-", []byte("payload"), 0600, out)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, "payload", out.String())
-}
-
-func Test_writeOutput_file(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	p := filepath.Join(dir, "f")
-	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-
-	err := writeOutput(p, []byte("payload"), 0600, out)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Empty(t, out.String())
-	got, err := os.ReadFile(p)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte("payload"), got)
-}
-
-func Test_reserveOutputs_noConflict(t *testing.T) {
-	var claims ioClaims
-	require.NoError(t, reserveOutputs(&claims,
-		"out-key", "/tmp/key",
-		"out-crt", "-",
-		"out-qr", "",
-	))
-	assert.Equal(t, "out-crt", claims.out)
-}
-
-func Test_reserveOutputs_conflict(t *testing.T) {
-	var claims ioClaims
-	err := reserveOutputs(&claims,
-		"out-key", "-",
-		"out-crt", "-",
-	)
-	require.EqualError(t, err, `-out-key and -out-crt both set to "-", only one output may write to stdout`)
-}
-
-func Test_reserveOutputs_panicsOnOddPairs(t *testing.T) {
-	defer func() {
-		r := recover()
-		require.NotNil(t, r)
-	}()
-	var claims ioClaims
-	_ = reserveOutputs(&claims, "out-key")
-}
-
-func Test_reserveInputs_noConflict(t *testing.T) {
-	var claims ioClaims
-	require.NoError(t, reserveInputs(&claims,
-		"ca-key", "/tmp/ca.key",
-		"ca-crt", "-",
-		"in-pub", "",
-	))
-	assert.Equal(t, "ca-crt", claims.in)
-}
-
-func Test_reserveInputs_conflict(t *testing.T) {
-	var claims ioClaims
-	err := reserveInputs(&claims,
-		"ca-key", "-",
-		"ca-crt", "-",
-	)
-	require.EqualError(t, err, `-ca-key and -ca-crt both set to "-", only one input may read from stdin`)
-}
-
-func Test_claimIn_idempotent(t *testing.T) {
-	// pre-claim then a lazy re-claim of the same flag should be a no-op
-	var claims ioClaims
-	require.NoError(t, claims.claimIn("ca-key"))
-	require.NoError(t, claims.claimIn("ca-key"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "ca-key", claims.in)
-}
-
-func Test_claimOut_idempotent(t *testing.T) {
-	var claims ioClaims
-	require.NoError(t, claims.claimOut("out-crt"))
-	require.NoError(t, claims.claimOut("out-crt"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "out-crt", claims.out)
-}
-
-func Test_isStdio(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.True(t, isStdio("-"))
-	assert.False(t, isStdio(""))
-	assert.False(t, isStdio("./-"))
-	assert.False(t, isStdio("foo"))
-}

cmd/nebula-cert/verify.go

@@ -39,26 +39,18 @@ func verify(args []string, out io.Writer, errOut io.Writer) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var claims ioClaims
-	if err := reserveInputs(&claims,
-		"ca", *vf.caPath,
-		"crt", *vf.certPath,
-	); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	caReader, err := openInput("ca", *vf.caPath, &claims)
+	caFile, err := os.Open(*vf.caPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error while reading ca: %w", err)
 	}
-	defer caReader.Close()
+	defer caFile.Close()
 
-	caPool, err := cert.NewCAPoolFromPEMReader(caReader)
+	caPool, err := cert.NewCAPoolFromPEMReader(caFile)
 	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, cert.ErrExpired) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error while adding ca cert to pool: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	rawCert, err := readInput("crt", *vf.certPath, &claims)
+	rawCert, err := os.ReadFile(*vf.certPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to read crt: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -93,7 +85,6 @@ func verifySummary() string {
 func verifyHelp(out io.Writer) {
 	vf := newVerifyFlags()
 	_, _ = out.Write([]byte("Usage of " + os.Args[0] + " " + verifySummary() + "\n"))
-	_, _ = out.Write([]byte(stdioHelpText))
 	vf.set.SetOutput(out)
 	vf.set.PrintDefaults()
 }

cmd/nebula-cert/verify_test.go

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ func Test_verifyHelp(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(
 		t,
 		"Usage of "+os.Args[0]+" verify <flags>: verifies a certificate isn't expired and was signed by a trusted authority.\n"+
-			"  Pass \"-\" to any path flag to read from stdin or write to stdout.\n"+
 			"  -ca string\n"+
 			"    \tRequired: path to a file containing one or more ca certificates\n"+
 			"  -crt string\n"+
@@ -123,46 +122,3 @@ func Test_verify(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
-
-func Test_verify_stdio(t *testing.T) {
-	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	eb := &bytes.Buffer{}
-
-	caPub, caPriv, _ := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
-	ca, _ := NewTestCaCert("test-ca", caPub, caPriv, time.Now().Add(time.Hour*-1), time.Now().Add(time.Hour*2), nil, nil, nil)
-	caPEM, _ := ca.MarshalPEM()
-
-	crt, _ := NewTestCert(ca, caPriv, "test-cert", time.Now().Add(time.Hour*-1), time.Now().Add(time.Hour), nil, nil, nil)
-	crtPEM, _ := crt.MarshalPEM()
-
-	caFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "verify-ca")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer os.Remove(caFile.Name())
-	caFile.Write(caPEM)
-
-	// crt on stdin, ca on disk
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewReader(crtPEM))
-	require.NoError(t, verify([]string{"-ca", caFile.Name(), "-crt", "-"}, ob, eb))
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-
-	// ca on stdin, crt on disk
-	certFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "verify-cert")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer os.Remove(certFile.Name())
-	certFile.Write(crtPEM)
-
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewReader(caPEM))
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	require.NoError(t, verify([]string{"-ca", "-", "-crt", certFile.Name()}, ob, eb))
-	assert.Empty(t, ob.String())
-	assert.Empty(t, eb.String())
-
-	// both flags on stdin should error
-	withStdin(t, bytes.NewReader(caPEM))
-	ob.Reset()
-	eb.Reset()
-	require.EqualError(t, verify([]string{"-ca", "-", "-crt", "-"}, ob, eb),
-		`-ca and -crt both set to "-", only one input may read from stdin`)
-}

cmd/nebula-service/fips140enforce.go

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-//go:build fips140enforce
-
-//go:debug fips140=only
-
-package main

cmd/nebula-service/main.go

@@ -53,12 +53,7 @@ func main() {
 	l := logging.NewLogger(os.Stdout)
 
 	if *serviceFlag != "" {
-		if *configTest {
-			fmt.Println("-test is not supported with -service, run the config test without -service")
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-
-		if err := doService(configPath, Build, serviceFlag); err != nil {
+		if err := doService(configPath, configTest, Build, serviceFlag); err != nil {
 			l.Error("Service command failed", "error", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
@@ -66,13 +61,10 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	if *configPath == "" {
-		p, err := config.DefaultPath()
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Println(err)
+		fmt.Println("-config flag must be set")
+		flag.Usage()
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
-		*configPath = p
-	}
 
 	c := config.NewC(l)
 	err := c.Load(*configPath)
@@ -98,14 +90,15 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	if !*configTest {
-		if err := ctrl.Start(); err != nil {
+		wait, err := ctrl.Start()
+		if err != nil {
 			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Error while running", err, l)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 
 		go ctrl.ShutdownBlock()
 
-		if err := ctrl.Wait(); err != nil {
+		if err := wait(); err != nil {
 			l.Error("Nebula stopped due to fatal error", "error", err)
 			os.Exit(2)
 		}

cmd/nebula-service/service.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 
 	"github.com/kardianos/service"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ var logger service.Logger
 
 type program struct {
 	configPath *string
+	configTest *bool
 	build      string
 	control    *nebula.Control
 }
@@ -40,47 +42,39 @@ func (p *program) Start(s service.Service) error {
 		}
 	})
 
-	p.control, err = nebula.Main(c, false, Build, l, nil)
+	p.control, err = nebula.Main(c, *p.configTest, Build, l, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if err := p.control.Start(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Nebula can stop itself on a fatal packet reader error, make sure to log it if it happens.
-	go func() {
-		if err := p.control.Wait(); err != nil {
-			logger.Error(fmt.Sprintf("Nebula stopped due to fatal error: %v", err))
-			os.Exit(2)
-		}
-	}()
-
+	p.control.Start()
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (p *program) Stop(s service.Service) error {
 	logger.Info("Nebula service stopping.")
-	if p.control == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	p.control.Stop()
-
-	// block until nebula has fully drained before reporting stopped.
-	// error logging is handled by Start.
-	_ = p.control.Wait()
 	return nil
 }
 
-func doService(configPath *string, build string, serviceFlag *string) error {
+func fileExists(filename string) bool {
+	_, err := os.Stat(filename)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func doService(configPath *string, configTest *bool, build string, serviceFlag *string) error {
 	if *configPath == "" {
-		p, err := config.DefaultPath()
+		ex, err := os.Executable()
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		*configPath = p
+		*configPath = filepath.Dir(ex) + "/config.yaml"
+		if !fileExists(*configPath) {
+			*configPath = filepath.Dir(ex) + "/config.yml"
+		}
 	}
 
 	svcConfig := &service.Config{
@@ -92,6 +86,7 @@ func doService(configPath *string, build string, serviceFlag *string) error {
 
 	prg := &program{
 		configPath: configPath,
+		configTest: configTest,
 		build:      build,
 	}
 
@@ -123,9 +118,8 @@ func doService(configPath *string, build string, serviceFlag *string) error {
 	switch *serviceFlag {
 	case "run":
 		if err := s.Run(); err != nil {
-			// Route any errors to the system logger and report the failure
+			// Route any errors to the system logger
 			logger.Error(err)
-			return err
 		}
 	default:
 		if err := service.Control(s, *serviceFlag); err != nil {

cmd/nebula/close_on_timer_test.go

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-//go:build linux && !android && !e2e_testing
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	cert_test "github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/test"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-// TestControlStopClosesOnTimer reproduces the dnclient lifecycle: nebula runs as
-// a library, and on a config update dnclient calls Stop() in-process to tear the
-// old instance down before starting a new one. This boots a real nebula (real
-// blocking UDP sockets, tun disabled), lets it run, then Stop()s it on a timer
-// and asserts it actually closes. If the reader goroutines parked in recvmmsg
-// don't wake on Close(), Wait() blocks forever and this fails with a goroutine
-// dump instead of relying on a process signal to unstick them.
-func TestControlStopClosesOnTimer(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-
-	before := time.Now().Add(-time.Hour)
-	after := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
-	ca, _, caKey, caPEM := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, before, after, nil, nil, nil)
-	networks := []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")}
-	_, _, keyPEM, certPEM := cert_test.NewTestCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca, caKey, "close-on-timer", before, after, networks, nil, nil)
-
-	caPath := filepath.Join(dir, "ca.pem")
-	certPath := filepath.Join(dir, "cert.pem")
-	keyPath := filepath.Join(dir, "key.pem")
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(caPath, caPEM, 0o600))
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(certPath, certPEM, 0o600))
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(keyPath, keyPEM, 0o600))
-
-	// tun disabled so no device/root is needed; routines: 2 so we exercise the
-	// multi-socket (SO_REUSEPORT) teardown, which is where dnclient runs.
-	configBody := fmt.Sprintf(`
-pki:
-  ca: %s
-  cert: %s
-  key: %s
-listen:
-  host: 127.0.0.1
-  port: 0
-tun:
-  disabled: true
-firewall:
-  outbound:
-    - port: any
-      proto: any
-      host: any
-  inbound:
-    - port: any
-      proto: any
-      host: any
-routines: 2
-`, caPath, certPath, keyPath)
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "config.yml"), []byte(configBody), 0o600))
-
-	c := config.NewC(l)
-	require.NoError(t, c.Load(dir))
-
-	ctrl, err := nebula.Main(c, false, "close-on-timer", l, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, ctrl.Start())
-
-	// Run like a live nebula, then close on a timer, exactly as dnclient does.
-	<-time.NewTimer(5 * time.Second).C
-
-	stopped := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		ctrl.Stop() // closes the udp sockets (shutdown(2)) and the tun
-		ctrl.Wait() // blocks until every reader goroutine has returned
-		close(stopped)
-	}()
-
-	select {
-	case <-stopped:
-		t.Log("nebula closed cleanly on timer")
-	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
-		buf := make([]byte, 1<<20)
-		n := runtime.Stack(buf, true)
-		t.Fatalf("nebula did NOT close within 10s of Stop(): a blocking reader never woke\n%s", buf[:n])
-	}
-}

cmd/nebula/fips140enforce.go

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-//go:build fips140enforce
-
-//go:debug fips140=only
-
-package main

cmd/nebula/main.go

@@ -50,13 +50,10 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	if *configPath == "" {
-		p, err := config.DefaultPath()
-		if err != nil {
-			fmt.Println(err)
+		fmt.Println("-config flag must be set")
+		flag.Usage()
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
-		*configPath = p
-	}
 
 	l := logging.NewLogger(os.Stdout)
 
@@ -84,7 +81,8 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	if !*configTest {
-		if err := ctrl.Start(); err != nil {
+		wait, err := ctrl.Start()
+		if err != nil {
 			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Error while running", err, l)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ func main() {
 		go ctrl.ShutdownBlock()
 		notifyReady(l)
 
-		if err := ctrl.Wait(); err != nil {
+		if err := wait(); err != nil {
 			l.Error("Nebula stopped due to fatal error", "error", err)
 			os.Exit(2)
 		}

config/default.go

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-)
-
-// DefaultPath returns a path to a config file alongside the running executable, preferring config.yaml over config.yml.
-// If neither file exists an error is returned that names both paths checked.
-func DefaultPath() (string, error) {
-	ex, err := os.Executable()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return defaultPathInDir(filepath.Dir(ex))
-}
-
-func defaultPathInDir(dir string) (string, error) {
-	yamlPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yaml")
-	if _, err := os.Stat(yamlPath); err == nil {
-		return yamlPath, nil
-	}
-	ymlPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yml")
-	if _, err := os.Stat(ymlPath); err == nil {
-		return ymlPath, nil
-	}
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("no default config found at %s or %s", yamlPath, ymlPath)
-}

config/default_test.go

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestDefaultPathInDir(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("prefers config.yaml when both exist", func(t *testing.T) {
-		dir := t.TempDir()
-		want := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yaml")
-		other := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yml")
-		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(want, []byte("a: 1"), 0644))
-		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(other, []byte("a: 2"), 0644))
-
-		got, err := defaultPathInDir(dir)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, want, got)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("returns config.yaml when only it exists", func(t *testing.T) {
-		dir := t.TempDir()
-		want := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yaml")
-		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(want, []byte("a: 1"), 0644))
-
-		got, err := defaultPathInDir(dir)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, want, got)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("falls back to config.yml when only it exists", func(t *testing.T) {
-		dir := t.TempDir()
-		want := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yml")
-		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(want, []byte("a: 1"), 0644))
-
-		got, err := defaultPathInDir(dir)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, want, got)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("errors when neither exists and names both paths", func(t *testing.T) {
-		dir := t.TempDir()
-		got, err := defaultPathInDir(dir)
-		assert.Empty(t, got)
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), filepath.Join(dir, "config.yaml"))
-		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), filepath.Join(dir, "config.yml"))
-	})
-}
-
-func TestDefaultPath(t *testing.T) {
-	got, err := DefaultPath()
-	if err != nil {
-		ex, exErr := os.Executable()
-		require.NoError(t, exErr)
-		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), filepath.Dir(ex))
-		return
-	}
-	ex, err := os.Executable()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, filepath.Dir(ex), filepath.Dir(got))
-	assert.Contains(t, []string{"config.yaml", "config.yml"}, filepath.Base(got))
-}

connection_manager.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
@@ -44,6 +45,8 @@ type connectionManager struct {
 	inactivityTimeout       atomic.Int64
 	dropInactive            atomic.Bool
 
+	metricsTxPunchy metrics.Counter
+
 	l *slog.Logger
 }
 
@@ -54,6 +57,7 @@ func newConnectionManagerFromConfig(l *slog.Logger, c *config.C, hm *HostMap, p
 		punchy:          p,
 		relayUsed:       make(map[uint32]struct{}),
 		relayUsedLock:   &sync.RWMutex{},
+		metricsTxPunchy: metrics.GetOrRegisterCounter("messages.tx.punchy", nil),
 	}
 
 	cm.reload(c, true)
@@ -136,6 +140,14 @@ func (cm *connectionManager) getAndResetTrafficCheck(h *HostInfo, now time.Time)
 	return in, out
 }
 
+// AddTrafficWatch must be called for every new HostInfo.
+// We will continue to monitor the HostInfo until the tunnel is dropped.
+func (cm *connectionManager) AddTrafficWatch(h *HostInfo) {
+	if h.out.Swap(true) == false {
+		cm.trafficTimer.Add(h.localIndexId, cm.checkInterval)
+	}
+}
+
 func (cm *connectionManager) Start(ctx context.Context) {
 	clockSource := time.NewTicker(cm.trafficTimer.t.tickDuration)
 	defer clockSource.Stop()
@@ -298,8 +310,8 @@ func (cm *connectionManager) migrateRelayUsed(oldhostinfo, newhostinfo *HostInfo
 		} else {
 			cm.intf.SendMessageToHostInfo(header.Control, 0, newhostinfo, msg, make([]byte, 12), make([]byte, mtu))
 			cm.l.Info("send CreateRelayRequest",
-				"relayFrom", relayFrom,
-				"relayTo", relayTo,
+				"relayFrom", req.RelayFromAddr,
+				"relayTo", req.RelayToAddr,
 				"initiatorRelayIndex", req.InitiatorRelayIndex,
 				"responderRelayIndex", req.ResponderRelayIndex,
 				"vpnAddrs", newhostinfo.vpnAddrs,
@@ -357,7 +369,7 @@ func (cm *connectionManager) makeTrafficDecision(localIndex uint32, now time.Tim
 
 		if !outTraffic {
 			// Send a punch packet to keep the NAT state alive
-			cm.punchy.SendPunch(hostinfo)
+			cm.sendPunch(hostinfo)
 		}
 
 		return decision, hostinfo, primary
@@ -388,16 +400,17 @@ func (cm *connectionManager) makeTrafficDecision(localIndex uint32, now time.Tim
 
 			// If we aren't sending or receiving traffic then its an unused tunnel and we don't to test the tunnel.
 			// Just maintain NAT state if configured to do so.
-			cm.punchy.SendPunch(hostinfo)
+			cm.sendPunch(hostinfo)
 			cm.trafficTimer.Add(hostinfo.localIndexId, cm.checkInterval)
 			return doNothing, nil, nil
 		}
 
-		// We aren't receiving traffic but we are sending it. The outbound
-		// traffic itself refreshes the primary remote's NAT state; this
-		// fans out to non-primary remotes, but only if target_all_remotes
-		// is configured.
-		cm.punchy.SendPunchToAll(hostinfo)
+		if cm.punchy.GetTargetEverything() {
+			// This is similar to the old punchy behavior with a slight optimization.
+			// We aren't receiving traffic but we are sending it, punch on all known
+			// ips in case we need to re-prime NAT state
+			cm.sendPunch(hostinfo)
+		}
 
 		if cm.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
 			hostinfo.logger(cm.l).Debug("Tunnel status",
@@ -499,6 +512,31 @@ func (cm *connectionManager) isInvalidCertificate(now time.Time, hostinfo *HostI
 	}
 }
 
+func (cm *connectionManager) sendPunch(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
+	if !cm.punchy.GetPunch() {
+		// Punching is disabled
+		return
+	}
+
+	if cm.intf.lightHouse.IsAnyLighthouseAddr(hostinfo.vpnAddrs) {
+		// Do not punch to lighthouses, we assume our lighthouse update interval is good enough.
+		// In the event the update interval is not sufficient to maintain NAT state then a publicly available lighthouse
+		// would lose the ability to notify us and punchy.respond would become unreliable.
+		return
+	}
+
+	if cm.punchy.GetTargetEverything() {
+		hostinfo.remotes.ForEach(cm.hostMap.GetPreferredRanges(), func(addr netip.AddrPort, preferred bool) {
+			cm.metricsTxPunchy.Inc(1)
+			cm.intf.outside.WriteTo([]byte{1}, addr)
+		})
+
+	} else if hostinfo.remote.IsValid() {
+		cm.metricsTxPunchy.Inc(1)
+		cm.intf.outside.WriteTo([]byte{1}, hostinfo.remote)
+	}
+}
+
 func (cm *connectionManager) tryRehandshake(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
 	cs := cm.intf.pki.getCertState()
 	curCrt := hostinfo.ConnectionState.myCert

connection_manager_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/flynn/noise"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/overlaytest"
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ func newTestLighthouse() *LightHouse {
 	lighthouses := []netip.Addr{}
 	staticList := map[netip.Addr]struct{}{}
 
-	lh.localAddrsFn = func(*LocalAllowList) []netip.Addr { return nil }
 	lh.lighthouses.Store(&lighthouses)
 	lh.staticList.Store(&staticList)
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManagerTest(t *testing.T) {
 		initiatingVersion: cert.Version1,
 		privateKey:        []byte{},
 		v1Cert:            &dummyCert{version: cert.Version1},
-		v1Credential:      nil,
+		v1HandshakeBytes:  []byte{},
 	}
 
 	lh := newTestLighthouse()
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManagerTest(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Create manager
 	conf := config.NewC(test.NewLogger())
-	punchy := NewPunchyFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf, nil)
+	punchy := NewPunchyFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf)
 	nc := newConnectionManagerFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf, hostMap, punchy)
 	nc.intf = ifce
 	p := []byte("")
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManagerTest(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	hostinfo.ConnectionState = &ConnectionState{
 		myCert: &dummyCert{version: cert.Version1},
+		H:      &noise.HandshakeState{},
 	}
 	nc.hostMap.unlockedAddHostInfo(hostinfo, ifce)
 
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManagerTest2(t *testing.T) {
 		initiatingVersion: cert.Version1,
 		privateKey:        []byte{},
 		v1Cert:            &dummyCert{version: cert.Version1},
-		v1Credential:      nil,
+		v1HandshakeBytes:  []byte{},
 	}
 
 	lh := newTestLighthouse()
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManagerTest2(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Create manager
 	conf := config.NewC(test.NewLogger())
-	punchy := NewPunchyFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf, nil)
+	punchy := NewPunchyFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf)
 	nc := newConnectionManagerFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf, hostMap, punchy)
 	nc.intf = ifce
 	p := []byte("")
@@ -162,6 +163,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManagerTest2(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	hostinfo.ConnectionState = &ConnectionState{
 		myCert: &dummyCert{version: cert.Version1},
+		H:      &noise.HandshakeState{},
 	}
 	nc.hostMap.unlockedAddHostInfo(hostinfo, ifce)
 
@@ -213,7 +215,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManager_DisconnectInactive(t *testing.T) {
 		initiatingVersion: cert.Version1,
 		privateKey:        []byte{},
 		v1Cert:            &dummyCert{version: cert.Version1},
-		v1Credential:      nil,
+		v1HandshakeBytes:  []byte{},
 	}
 
 	lh := newTestLighthouse()
@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManager_DisconnectInactive(t *testing.T) {
 	conf.Settings["tunnels"] = map[string]any{
 		"drop_inactive": true,
 	}
-	punchy := NewPunchyFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf, nil)
+	punchy := NewPunchyFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf)
 	nc := newConnectionManagerFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf, hostMap, punchy)
 	assert.True(t, nc.dropInactive.Load())
 	nc.intf = ifce
@@ -247,6 +249,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManager_DisconnectInactive(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	hostinfo.ConnectionState = &ConnectionState{
 		myCert: &dummyCert{version: cert.Version1},
+		H:      &noise.HandshakeState{},
 	}
 	nc.hostMap.unlockedAddHostInfo(hostinfo, ifce)
 
@@ -339,7 +342,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManagerTest_DisconnectInvalid(t *testing.T) {
 	cs := &CertState{
 		privateKey:       []byte{},
 		v1Cert:           &dummyCert{},
-		v1Credential: nil,
+		v1HandshakeBytes: []byte{},
 	}
 
 	lh := newTestLighthouse()
@@ -359,7 +362,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManagerTest_DisconnectInvalid(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Create manager
 	conf := config.NewC(test.NewLogger())
-	punchy := NewPunchyFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf, nil)
+	punchy := NewPunchyFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf)
 	nc := newConnectionManagerFromConfig(test.NewLogger(), conf, hostMap, punchy)
 	nc.intf = ifce
 	ifce.connectionManager = nc
@@ -369,6 +372,7 @@ func Test_NewConnectionManagerTest_DisconnectInvalid(t *testing.T) {
 		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{
 			myCert:   &dummyCert{},
 			peerCert: cachedPeerCert,
+			H:        &noise.HandshakeState{},
 		},
 	}
 	nc.hostMap.unlockedAddHostInfo(hostinfo, ifce)

connection_state.go

@@ -1,49 +1,80 @@
 package nebula
 
 import (
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/json"
-	"log/slog"
+	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
+	"github.com/flynn/noise"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/handshake"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/noiseutil"
 )
 
-const ReplayWindow = 1024
+const ReplayWindow = 1024 //todo I've started seeing out-of-window messages in testing?
 
 type ConnectionState struct {
-	eKey           noiseutil.CipherState
-	dKey           noiseutil.CipherState
+	eKey           *NebulaCipherState
+	dKey           *NebulaCipherState
+	H              *noise.HandshakeState
 	myCert         cert.Certificate
 	peerCert       *cert.CachedCertificate
 	initiator      bool
 	messageCounter atomic.Uint64
 	window         *Bits
-	decryptLock    sync.Mutex
 	writeLock      sync.Mutex
 }
 
-// newConnectionStateFromResult builds a fully-populated ConnectionState from a
-// completed handshake.Result. It seeds messageCounter and the replay window so
-// that the post-handshake message indices already used on the wire don't count
-// as missed traffic in the data plane.
-func newConnectionStateFromResult(r *handshake.Result) *ConnectionState {
+func NewConnectionState(cs *CertState, crt cert.Certificate, initiator bool, pattern noise.HandshakePattern) (*ConnectionState, error) {
+	var dhFunc noise.DHFunc
+	switch crt.Curve() {
+	case cert.Curve_CURVE25519:
+		dhFunc = noise.DH25519
+	case cert.Curve_P256:
+		if cs.pkcs11Backed {
+			dhFunc = noiseutil.DHP256PKCS11
+		} else {
+			dhFunc = noiseutil.DHP256
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid curve: %s", crt.Curve())
+	}
+
+	var ncs noise.CipherSuite
+	if cs.cipher == "chachapoly" {
+		ncs = noise.NewCipherSuite(dhFunc, noise.CipherChaChaPoly, noise.HashSHA256)
+	} else {
+		ncs = noise.NewCipherSuite(dhFunc, noiseutil.CipherAESGCM, noise.HashSHA256)
+	}
+
+	static := noise.DHKey{Private: cs.privateKey, Public: crt.PublicKey()}
+	hs, err := noise.NewHandshakeState(noise.Config{
+		CipherSuite:   ncs,
+		Random:        rand.Reader,
+		Pattern:       pattern,
+		Initiator:     initiator,
+		StaticKeypair: static,
+		//NOTE: These should come from CertState (pki.go) when we finally implement it
+		PresharedKey:          []byte{},
+		PresharedKeyPlacement: 0,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NewConnectionState: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// The queue and ready params prevent a counter race that would happen when
+	// sending stored packets and simultaneously accepting new traffic.
 	ci := &ConnectionState{
-		myCert:    r.MyCert,
-		initiator: r.Initiator,
-		peerCert:  r.RemoteCert,
-		eKey:      noiseutil.NewCipherState(r.EKey, r.Cipher),
-		dKey:      noiseutil.NewCipherState(r.DKey, r.Cipher),
+		H:         hs,
+		initiator: initiator,
 		window:    NewBits(ReplayWindow),
+		myCert:    crt,
 	}
-	ci.messageCounter.Add(r.MessageIndex)
-	for i := uint64(1); i <= r.MessageIndex; i++ {
-		ci.window.Update(nil, i)
-	}
-	return ci
+	// always start the counter from 2, as packet 1 and packet 2 are handshake packets.
+	ci.messageCounter.Add(2)
+
+	return ci, nil
 }
 
 func (cs *ConnectionState) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
@@ -57,52 +88,3 @@ func (cs *ConnectionState) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 func (cs *ConnectionState) Curve() cert.Curve {
 	return cs.myCert.Curve()
 }
-
-func (cs *ConnectionState) Decrypt(l *slog.Logger, messageCounter uint64, out []byte, packet []byte, nb []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	var err error
-	cs.decryptLock.Lock()
-	result := cs.window.Check(l, messageCounter)
-	cs.decryptLock.Unlock()
-	if !result {
-		return nil, ErrAlreadySeen
-	}
-
-	out, err = cs.dKey.DecryptDanger(out, packet[:header.Len], packet[header.Len:], messageCounter, nb)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	cs.decryptLock.Lock()
-	result = cs.window.Update(l, messageCounter)
-	cs.decryptLock.Unlock()
-	if !result {
-		return nil, ErrAlreadySeen
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-// VerifyRelay verifies AEAD protected (but not encrypted) relay frames. packet must be length-checked by the caller.
-func (cs *ConnectionState) VerifyRelay(l *slog.Logger, messageCounter uint64, packet []byte, nb []byte) error {
-	cs.decryptLock.Lock()
-	result := cs.window.Check(l, messageCounter)
-	cs.decryptLock.Unlock()
-	if !result {
-		return ErrAlreadySeen
-	}
-
-	signedPayload := packet[:len(packet)-cs.dKey.Overhead()]
-	signatureValue := packet[len(packet)-cs.dKey.Overhead():]
-	_, err := cs.dKey.DecryptDanger(nil, signedPayload, signatureValue, messageCounter, nb)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	cs.decryptLock.Lock()
-	result = cs.window.Update(l, messageCounter)
-	cs.decryptLock.Unlock()
-	if !result {
-		return ErrAlreadySeen
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

connection_state_test.go

@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-package nebula
-
-import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/flynn/noise"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	ct "github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/handshake"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-// runTestHandshake runs a complete IX handshake between two freshly-built
-// peers and returns the initiator and responder Results. Used to produce
-// real cipher states for tests that need to exercise post-handshake glue.
-func runTestHandshake(t *testing.T) (initR, respR *handshake.Result) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-
-	makeCreds := func(name string, networks []netip.Prefix) handshake.GetCredentialFunc {
-		c, _, rawKey, _ := ct.NewTestCert(
-			cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca, caKey,
-			name, ca.NotBefore(), ca.NotAfter(), networks, nil, nil,
-		)
-		priv, _, _, err := cert.UnmarshalPrivateKeyFromPEM(rawKey)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		hsBytes, err := c.MarshalForHandshakes()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		ncs := noise.NewCipherSuite(noise.DH25519, noise.CipherChaChaPoly, noise.HashSHA256)
-		cred := handshake.NewCredential(c, hsBytes, priv, ncs)
-		return func(v cert.Version) *handshake.Credential {
-			if v == cert.Version2 {
-				return cred
-			}
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	verifier := func(c cert.Certificate) (*cert.CachedCertificate, error) {
-		return caPool.VerifyCertificate(time.Now(), c)
-	}
-
-	initCreds := makeCreds("initiator", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-	respCreds := makeCreds("responder", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")})
-
-	initM, err := handshake.NewMachine(
-		cert.Version2, initCreds, verifier,
-		func() (uint32, error) { return 1000, nil },
-		true, header.HandshakeIXPSK0,
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	respM, err := handshake.NewMachine(
-		cert.Version2, respCreds, verifier,
-		func() (uint32, error) { return 2000, nil },
-		false, header.HandshakeIXPSK0,
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	msg1, err := initM.Initiate(nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	resp, respR, err := respM.ProcessPacket(nil, msg1)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, respR)
-
-	_, initR, err = initM.ProcessPacket(nil, resp)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, initR)
-
-	return initR, respR
-}
-
-func TestNewConnectionStateFromResult(t *testing.T) {
-	initR, respR := runTestHandshake(t)
-
-	t.Run("initiator", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ci := newConnectionStateFromResult(initR)
-		assert.True(t, ci.initiator)
-		assert.Equal(t, initR.MyCert, ci.myCert)
-		assert.Equal(t, initR.RemoteCert, ci.peerCert)
-		assert.NotNil(t, ci.eKey)
-		assert.NotNil(t, ci.dKey)
-
-		// IX has 2 handshake messages; the next data-plane send is counter=3.
-		assert.Equal(t, uint64(2), ci.messageCounter.Load(),
-			"messageCounter must equal Result.MessageIndex so the next send is N+1")
-
-		// Both handshake counters must be marked seen so they don't appear lost.
-		// Check returns false if an index has already been recorded.
-		assert.False(t, ci.window.Check(nil, 1), "counter 1 must already be seen")
-		assert.False(t, ci.window.Check(nil, 2), "counter 2 must already be seen")
-		// Counter 3 is the next data-plane message and must NOT be pre-marked.
-		assert.True(t, ci.window.Check(nil, 3), "counter 3 must not be pre-seeded")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("responder", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ci := newConnectionStateFromResult(respR)
-		assert.False(t, ci.initiator)
-		assert.Equal(t, respR.MyCert, ci.myCert)
-		assert.Equal(t, respR.RemoteCert, ci.peerCert)
-		assert.NotNil(t, ci.eKey)
-		assert.NotNil(t, ci.dKey)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint64(2), ci.messageCounter.Load())
-	})
-}

control.go

@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ type Control struct {
 	statsStart             func()
 	dnsStart               func()
 	lighthouseStart        func()
-	networkChangeStart     func(rebind func())
 	connectionManagerStart func(context.Context)
 }
 
@@ -70,29 +69,29 @@ type ControlHostInfo struct {
 }
 
 // Start actually runs nebula, this is a nonblocking call.
-// Use Wait to block until nebula has fully stopped and to learn whether a fatal reader error caused the shutdown.
-func (c *Control) Start() error {
+// The returned function blocks until nebula has fully stopped and returns the
+// first fatal reader error (if any). A nil error means nebula shut down
+// gracefully; a non-nil error means a reader hit an unexpected failure that
+// triggered the shutdown.
+func (c *Control) Start() (func() error, error) {
 	c.stateLock.Lock()
 	defer c.stateLock.Unlock()
 	switch c.state {
 	case StateReady:
 		//yay!
 	case StateStopped, StateStopping:
-		return ErrAlreadyStopped
+		return nil, ErrAlreadyStopped
 	case StateStarted:
-		return ErrAlreadyStarted
+		return nil, ErrAlreadyStarted
 	default:
-		return ErrUnknownState
+		return nil, ErrUnknownState
 	}
 
 	// Activate the interface
 	err := c.f.activate()
 	if err != nil {
-		// Cancel before Close so a caller returning from Wait always observes a dead Context
-		c.cancel()
-		_ = c.f.Close()
 		c.state = StateStopped
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Call all the delayed funcs that waited patiently for the interface to be created.
@@ -105,9 +104,6 @@ func (c *Control) Start() error {
 	if c.dnsStart != nil {
 		go c.dnsStart()
 	}
-	if c.networkChangeStart != nil {
-		go c.networkChangeStart(c.RebindUDPServer)
-	}
 	if c.connectionManagerStart != nil {
 		go c.connectionManagerStart(c.ctx)
 	}
@@ -118,9 +114,13 @@ func (c *Control) Start() error {
 	c.f.triggerShutdown = c.Stop
 
 	// Start reading packets.
-	c.f.run()
+	out, err := c.f.run()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.state = StateStopped
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	c.state = StateStarted
-	return nil
+	return out, nil
 }
 
 func (c *Control) State() RunState {
@@ -133,26 +133,10 @@ func (c *Control) Context() context.Context {
 	return c.ctx
 }
 
-// Stop tears nebula down, closing all tunnels and releasing everything it holds.
-// Use Wait to block until the shutdown has completed.
-// A Control that has been stopped cannot be started again, Start will return ErrAlreadyStopped.
+// Stop is a non-blocking call that signals nebula to close all tunnels and shut down
 func (c *Control) Stop() {
 	c.stateLock.Lock()
-	switch c.state {
-	case StateStarted:
-		// Fall through to the full teardown below
-
-	case StateReady:
-		// Never started
-		c.cancel()
-		c.state = StateStopped
-		if err := c.f.Close(); err != nil {
-			c.l.Error("Close interface failed", "error", err)
-		}
-		c.stateLock.Unlock()
-		return
-
-	default:
+	if c.state != StateStarted {
 		c.stateLock.Unlock()
 		// We are stopping or stopped already
 		return
@@ -161,26 +145,19 @@ func (c *Control) Stop() {
 	c.state = StateStopping
 	c.stateLock.Unlock()
 
-	// Closing tunnels can be slow with a large hostmap, don't hold the lock for it
+	// Stop the handshakeManager (and other services), to prevent new tunnels from
+	// being created while we're shutting them all down.
 	c.cancel()
-	c.CloseAllTunnels(false)
 
-	c.stateLock.Lock()
-	c.state = StateStopped
+	c.CloseAllTunnels(false)
 	if err := c.f.Close(); err != nil {
 		c.l.Error("Close interface failed", "error", err)
 	}
+	c.stateLock.Lock()
+	c.state = StateStopped
 	c.stateLock.Unlock()
 }
 
-// Wait blocks until nebula has fully stopped, either via Stop or an internal fatal error,
-// and returns the first fatal packet reader error if there was one.
-// It is safe to call from multiple goroutines and at any point in the lifecycle,
-// but a Wait on a Control that is never started and never stopped will block forever.
-func (c *Control) Wait() error {
-	return c.f.wait()
-}
-
 // ShutdownBlock will listen for and block on term and interrupt signals, calling Control.Stop() once signalled
 func (c *Control) ShutdownBlock() {
 	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
@@ -193,20 +170,9 @@ func (c *Control) ShutdownBlock() {
 	c.Stop()
 }
 
-// RebindUDPServer asks the UDP listener to rebind it's listener. Mainly used on mobile clients when interfaces change.
+// RebindUDPServer asks the UDP listener to rebind it's listener. Mainly used on mobile clients when interfaces change
 func (c *Control) RebindUDPServer() {
-	c.stateLock.Lock()
-	defer c.stateLock.Unlock()
-
-	if c.state != StateStarted {
-		return
-	}
-
-	// A failure here means we are likely still pinned to the interface we came up on, so the rest of this is
-	// unlikely to help. Say so instead of silently carrying on as if we rebound.
-	if err := c.f.outside.Rebind(); err != nil {
-		c.l.Error("Failed to rebind udp socket", "error", err)
-	}
+	_ = c.f.outside.Rebind()
 
 	// Trigger a lighthouse update, useful for mobile clients that should have an update interval of 0
 	c.f.lightHouse.SendUpdate()
@@ -339,7 +305,7 @@ func (c *Control) CloseAllTunnels(excludeLighthouses bool) (closed int) {
 
 		c.l.Debug("Sending close tunnel message",
 			"vpnAddrs", h.vpnAddrs,
-			"udpAddr", h.GetRemote(),
+			"udpAddr", h.remote,
 		)
 		closed++
 	}
@@ -384,7 +350,7 @@ func copyHostInfo(h *HostInfo, preferredRanges []netip.Prefix) ControlHostInfo {
 		RemoteAddrs:            h.remotes.CopyAddrs(preferredRanges),
 		CurrentRelaysToMe:      h.relayState.CopyRelayIps(),
 		CurrentRelaysThroughMe: h.relayState.CopyRelayForIps(),
-		CurrentRemote:          h.GetRemote(),
+		CurrentRemote:          h.remote,
 	}
 
 	for i, a := range h.vpnAddrs {

control_lifecycle_test.go

@@ -1,292 +0,0 @@
-package nebula
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"net/netip"
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/test"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-type fakeDevice struct {
-	closeOnce sync.Once
-	closedCh  chan struct{}
-	closed    bool
-}
-
-func newFakeDevice() *fakeDevice {
-	return &fakeDevice{closedCh: make(chan struct{})}
-}
-
-// Read blocks until Close like a real tun with no traffic, then reports EOF
-// the same way a closed device does
-func (d *fakeDevice) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
-	<-d.closedCh
-	return 0, io.EOF
-}
-
-func (d *fakeDevice) Write(p []byte) (int, error) { return len(p), nil }
-
-func (d *fakeDevice) Close() error {
-	d.closeOnce.Do(func() {
-		d.closed = true
-		close(d.closedCh)
-	})
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (d *fakeDevice) Activate() error                       { return nil }
-func (d *fakeDevice) Networks() []netip.Prefix              { return nil }
-func (d *fakeDevice) Name() string                          { return "fake" }
-func (d *fakeDevice) RoutesFor(netip.Addr) routing.Gateways { return nil }
-func (d *fakeDevice) SupportsMultiqueue() bool              { return false }
-func (d *fakeDevice) NewMultiQueueReader() (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
-	return nil, errors.New("unsupported")
-}
-
-// newReadyControl hand-builds the minimum Control that Main would have
-// produced right before Start, including the construction token NewInterface
-// takes so waiters block until Close releases the resources
-func newReadyControl(t *testing.T) (*Control, *fakeDevice, *fakeConn) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	dev := newFakeDevice()
-	conn := &fakeConn{}
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-
-	myVpnNet := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.128.0.1/16")
-	nt := new(bart.Lite)
-	nt.Insert(myVpnNet)
-	cs := &CertState{
-		myVpnNetworks:      []netip.Prefix{myVpnNet},
-		myVpnNetworksTable: nt,
-	}
-	lh, err := NewLightHouseFromConfig(ctx, l, config.NewC(l), cs, nil, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	f := &Interface{
-		ctx:        ctx,
-		inside:     dev,
-		outside:    conn,
-		writers:    []udp.Conn{conn},
-		readers:    make([]io.ReadWriteCloser, 1),
-		routines:   1,
-		hostMap:    newHostMap(l),
-		lightHouse: lh,
-		l:          l,
-	}
-	f.wg.Add(1)
-
-	return &Control{
-		state:  StateReady,
-		f:      f,
-		l:      l,
-		ctx:    ctx,
-		cancel: cancel,
-	}, dev, conn
-}
-
-func TestControl_StopBeforeStart(t *testing.T) {
-	c, dev, conn := newReadyControl(t)
-
-	// A Stop on a never started control must release everything Main acquired
-	c.Stop()
-	assert.Equal(t, StateStopped, c.State())
-	assert.True(t, dev.closed, "the tun device should have been closed")
-	assert.True(t, conn.closed, "the udp socket should have been closed")
-	require.ErrorIs(t, c.ctx.Err(), context.Canceled, "the service context should have been cancelled")
-
-	// Wait must return promptly now that the resources are released
-	require.NoError(t, c.Wait())
-
-	// A stopped control can never be started
-	require.ErrorIs(t, c.Start(), ErrAlreadyStopped)
-
-	// A second Stop is a harmless no-op
-	c.Stop()
-	assert.Equal(t, StateStopped, c.State())
-	require.NoError(t, c.Wait())
-}
-
-func TestControl_WaitBlocksUntilStop(t *testing.T) {
-	c, _, _ := newReadyControl(t)
-
-	done := make(chan error, 1)
-	go func() { done <- c.Wait() }()
-
-	select {
-	case <-done:
-		t.Fatal("Wait returned before Stop")
-	case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
-	}
-
-	c.Stop()
-	select {
-	case err := <-done:
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	case <-time.After(time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Wait did not return after Stop")
-	}
-}
-
-type fakeConn struct {
-	closed  bool
-	rebinds int
-}
-
-func (c *fakeConn) Rebind() error                            { c.rebinds++; return nil }
-func (c *fakeConn) LocalAddr() (netip.AddrPort, error)       { return netip.AddrPort{}, nil }
-func (c *fakeConn) ListenOut(_ udp.EncReader) error          { return nil }
-func (c *fakeConn) WriteTo(_ []byte, _ netip.AddrPort) error { return nil }
-func (c *fakeConn) ReloadConfig(_ *config.C)                 {}
-func (c *fakeConn) SupportsMultipleReaders() bool            { return true }
-func (c *fakeConn) Close() error                             { c.closed = true; return nil }
-
-type multiqueueDevice struct {
-	*fakeDevice
-}
-
-func (d *multiqueueDevice) SupportsMultiqueue() bool { return true }
-
-func TestControl_StartMultiqueueFailureReleases(t *testing.T) {
-	dev := &multiqueueDevice{fakeDevice: newFakeDevice()}
-	conn := &fakeConn{}
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	f := &Interface{
-		ctx:      ctx,
-		inside:   dev,
-		outside:  conn,
-		writers:  []udp.Conn{conn},
-		readers:  make([]io.ReadWriteCloser, 2),
-		routines: 2,
-		l:        test.NewLogger(),
-	}
-	f.wg.Add(1)
-
-	c := &Control{
-		state:  StateReady,
-		f:      f,
-		l:      test.NewLogger(),
-		ctx:    ctx,
-		cancel: cancel,
-	}
-
-	// The second reader fails to open, everything must be released
-	require.Error(t, c.Start())
-	assert.Equal(t, StateStopped, c.State())
-	assert.True(t, dev.closed, "the tun device should have been closed")
-	assert.True(t, conn.closed, "the udp socket should have been closed")
-	require.ErrorIs(t, c.ctx.Err(), context.Canceled)
-
-	// And Wait must not hang on the construction token
-	require.NoError(t, c.Wait())
-}
-
-func TestInterface_CloseIsIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
-	dev := newFakeDevice()
-	f := &Interface{
-		inside: dev,
-		l:      test.NewLogger(),
-	}
-	f.wg.Add(1)
-
-	require.NoError(t, f.Close())
-	assert.True(t, dev.closed)
-
-	// A second Close must not double release the wg token or the device
-	require.NoError(t, f.Close())
-	require.NoError(t, f.wait())
-}
-
-func TestControl_FatalErrorReportsThroughWait(t *testing.T) {
-	c, dev, conn := newReadyControl(t)
-
-	// Mirror what Start wires up, without needing real packet readers
-	c.f.triggerShutdown = c.Stop
-	c.state = StateStarted
-
-	boom := errors.New("boom")
-	c.f.onFatal(boom)
-
-	require.ErrorIs(t, c.Wait(), boom)
-	assert.Equal(t, StateStopped, c.State())
-	assert.True(t, dev.closed)
-	assert.True(t, conn.closed)
-
-	// A second fatal error must not fire the shutdown again or replace the first
-	c.f.onFatal(errors.New("later"))
-	require.ErrorIs(t, c.Wait(), boom)
-
-	// Wait stays factual, a Stop after the death does not mask the error
-	c.Stop()
-	require.ErrorIs(t, c.Wait(), boom)
-}
-
-func TestControl_ConcurrentStopAndStart(t *testing.T) {
-	c, _, _ := newReadyControl(t)
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
-		wg.Go(func() { c.Stop() })
-	}
-	wg.Go(func() { _ = c.Start() })
-	wg.Go(func() {
-		_ = c.Wait()
-		// A returned Wait must always observe the final state, no matter how
-		// the race resolved
-		assert.Equal(t, StateStopped, c.State())
-	})
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	// However the race resolves, the control must end fully stopped with no
-	// panic and Wait must observe the final state
-	require.NoError(t, c.Wait())
-	assert.Equal(t, StateStopped, c.State())
-	require.ErrorIs(t, c.Start(), ErrAlreadyStopped)
-}
-
-func TestControl_StartStopLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
-	c, dev, conn := newReadyControl(t)
-
-	require.NoError(t, c.Start())
-	assert.Equal(t, StateStarted, c.State())
-	require.ErrorIs(t, c.Start(), ErrAlreadyStarted)
-
-	// Stop must unpark the reader blocked in the device and release everything
-	c.Stop()
-	assert.Equal(t, StateStopped, c.State())
-	assert.True(t, dev.closed, "the tun device should have been closed")
-	assert.True(t, conn.closed, "the udp socket should have been closed")
-	require.ErrorIs(t, c.ctx.Err(), context.Canceled)
-
-	// The reader drained off a closed device, that is not a fatal error
-	require.NoError(t, c.Wait())
-	require.ErrorIs(t, c.Start(), ErrAlreadyStopped)
-}
-
-func TestControl_RebindIsGatedByState(t *testing.T) {
-	c, _, conn := newReadyControl(t)
-
-	// A rebind before Start reaches nothing, the interface is not up
-	c.RebindUDPServer()
-	assert.Equal(t, 0, conn.rebinds, "rebind before start must be a no-op")
-
-	require.NoError(t, c.Start())
-	c.RebindUDPServer()
-	assert.Equal(t, 1, conn.rebinds, "rebind while started must reach the conn")
-
-	// A rebind racing a completed stop must not touch the closed conn
-	c.Stop()
-	require.NoError(t, c.Wait())
-	c.RebindUDPServer()
-	assert.Equal(t, 1, conn.rebinds, "rebind after stop must be a no-op")
-}

control_test.go

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package nebula
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"reflect"
@@ -11,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestControl_GetHostInfoByVpnIp(t *testing.T) {
@@ -45,7 +42,8 @@ func TestControl_GetHostInfoByVpnIp(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, ok)
 
 	crt := &dummyCert{}
-	hi := &HostInfo{
+	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(&HostInfo{
+		remote:  remote1,
 		remotes: remotes,
 		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{
 			peerCert: &cert.CachedCertificate{Certificate: crt},
@@ -58,14 +56,13 @@ func TestControl_GetHostInfoByVpnIp(t *testing.T) {
 			relayForByAddr: map[netip.Addr]*Relay{},
 			relayForByIdx:  map[uint32]*Relay{},
 		},
-	}
-	hi.remote.Store(&remote1)
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(hi, &Interface{})
+	}, &Interface{})
 
 	vpnIp2, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ipNet2.IP)
 	assert.True(t, ok)
 
-	hi2 := &HostInfo{
+	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(&HostInfo{
+		remote:  remote1,
 		remotes: remotes,
 		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{
 			peerCert: nil,
@@ -78,9 +75,7 @@ func TestControl_GetHostInfoByVpnIp(t *testing.T) {
 			relayForByAddr: map[netip.Addr]*Relay{},
 			relayForByIdx:  map[uint32]*Relay{},
 		},
-	}
-	hi2.remote.Store(&remote1)
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(hi2, &Interface{})
+	}, &Interface{})
 
 	c := Control{
 		state: StateReady,
@@ -124,153 +119,3 @@ func assertFields(t *testing.T, expected []string, actualStruct any) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, expected, fields)
 }
-
-// alwaysAllowV4/V6 are check funcs that accept every entry (including nil pointers),
-// letting us inject a nil *V4AddrPort/*V6AddrPort into a RemoteList's reported cache
-// the same way a malformed proto message off the wire could.
-func alwaysAllowV4(netip.Addr, *V4AddrPort) bool { return true }
-func alwaysAllowV6(netip.Addr, *V6AddrPort) bool { return true }
-
-// TestGetRelays_SkipsNilRelayAddrs proves GetRelays tolerates nil entries in the
-// RelayVpnAddrs proto slice (which protoAddrToNetAddr would nil-deref on) and still
-// returns the valid relays, including the legacy OldRelayVpnAddrs.
-func TestGetRelays_SkipsNilRelayAddrs(t *testing.T) {
-	good := netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.9")
-
-	d := &NebulaMetaDetails{
-		OldRelayVpnAddrs: []uint32{0x0a000001}, // 10.0.0.1
-		RelayVpnAddrs: []*Addr{
-			nil,
-			netAddrToProtoAddr(good),
-			nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	var relays []netip.Addr
-	require.NotPanics(t, func() { relays = d.GetRelays() })
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []netip.Addr{
-		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
-		good,
-	}, relays)
-}
-
-// TestGetRelays_AllNil ensures an all-nil RelayVpnAddrs slice yields no relays and no panic.
-func TestGetRelays_AllNil(t *testing.T) {
-	d := &NebulaMetaDetails{RelayVpnAddrs: []*Addr{nil, nil}}
-	var relays []netip.Addr
-	require.NotPanics(t, func() { relays = d.GetRelays() })
-	assert.Empty(t, relays)
-}
-
-// TestRemoteList_CopyCache_SkipsNilReported proves CopyCache skips nil reported
-// pointers (v4 and v6) instead of nil-dereferencing them in protoV*AddrPortToNetAddrPort.
-func TestRemoteList_CopyCache_SkipsNilReported(t *testing.T) {
-	owner := netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")
-	rl := NewRemoteList([]netip.Addr{owner}, nil)
-
-	rl.unlockedSetV4(owner, owner, []*V4AddrPort{
-		nil,
-		newIp4AndPortFromString("1.2.3.4:5"),
-		nil,
-	}, alwaysAllowV4)
-
-	rl.unlockedSetV6(owner, owner, []*V6AddrPort{
-		nil,
-		newIp6AndPortFromString("[1::1]:6"),
-		nil,
-	}, alwaysAllowV6)
-
-	var cm *CacheMap
-	require.NotPanics(t, func() { cm = rl.CopyCache() })
-
-	c := (*cm)[owner.String()]
-	require.NotNil(t, c)
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []netip.AddrPort{
-		netip.MustParseAddrPort("1.2.3.4:5"),
-		netip.MustParseAddrPort("[1::1]:6"),
-	}, c.Reported)
-}
-
-// TestRemoteList_Rebuild_SkipsNilReported drives unlockedCollect (via Rebuild) with
-// nil reported entries and confirms only the valid addresses survive, with no panic.
-func TestRemoteList_Rebuild_SkipsNilReported(t *testing.T) {
-	owner := netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")
-	rl := NewRemoteList([]netip.Addr{owner}, nil)
-
-	rl.unlockedSetV4(owner, owner, []*V4AddrPort{
-		nil,
-		newIp4AndPortFromString("1.2.3.4:5"),
-	}, alwaysAllowV4)
-	rl.unlockedSetV6(owner, owner, []*V6AddrPort{
-		newIp6AndPortFromString("[1::1]:6"),
-		nil,
-	}, alwaysAllowV6)
-
-	require.NotPanics(t, func() { rl.Rebuild([]netip.Prefix{}) })
-
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []netip.AddrPort{
-		netip.MustParseAddrPort("1.2.3.4:5"),
-		netip.MustParseAddrPort("[1::1]:6"),
-	}, rl.addrs)
-}
-
-// newRelayControl marshals a NebulaControl the way it arrives on the wire so we can feed
-// it through HandleControlMsg's unmarshal + validate path.
-func newRelayControl(t *testing.T, typ NebulaControl_MessageType, from, to *Addr) []byte {
-	t.Helper()
-	msg := &NebulaControl{
-		Type:          typ,
-		RelayFromAddr: from,
-		RelayToAddr:   to,
-	}
-	b, err := msg.Marshal()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	return b
-}
-
-// TestRelayManager_HandleControlMsg_NilRelayAddrs verifies the validation block added to
-// HandleControlMsg: CreateRelay{Request,Response} carrying a nil RelayFromAddr or
-// RelayToAddr are dropped with a debug log rather than nil-dereferencing downstream.
-func TestRelayManager_HandleControlMsg_NilRelayAddrs(t *testing.T) {
-	good := netAddrToProtoAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.9"))
-
-	cases := []struct {
-		name    string
-		typ     NebulaControl_MessageType
-		from    *Addr
-		to      *Addr
-		wantLog string // debug substring expected, "" == expect no drop log
-	}{
-		{"request nil from", NebulaControl_CreateRelayRequest, nil, good, "nil RelayFromAddr"},
-		{"request nil to", NebulaControl_CreateRelayRequest, good, nil, "nil RelayToAddr"},
-		{"request both nil", NebulaControl_CreateRelayRequest, nil, nil, "nil RelayFromAddr"},
-		{"response nil from", NebulaControl_CreateRelayResponse, nil, good, "nil RelayFromAddr"},
-		{"response nil to", NebulaControl_CreateRelayResponse, good, nil, "nil RelayToAddr"},
-		// A non-relay control type is not subject to the relay-addr validation and must
-		// pass through it untouched (the final switch simply no-ops on it).
-		{"unrelated type nil addrs", NebulaControl_None, nil, nil, ""},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range cases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var buf bytes.Buffer
-			l := test.NewLoggerWithOutputAndLevel(&buf, slog.LevelDebug)
-			rm := &relayManager{l: l, hostmap: newHostMap(l)}
-			rm.useRelays.Store(true)
-
-			f := &Interface{l: l}
-			h := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2")}, localIndexId: 1}
-
-			d := newRelayControl(t, tc.typ, tc.from, tc.to)
-
-			require.NotPanics(t, func() { rm.HandleControlMsg(h, d, f) })
-
-			if tc.wantLog == "" {
-				assert.NotContains(t, buf.String(), "nil Relay")
-			} else {
-				assert.Contains(t, buf.String(), tc.wantLog)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

control_tester.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ package nebula
 import (
 	"net/netip"
 
+	"github.com/google/gopacket"
+	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
@@ -20,9 +22,7 @@ func (c *Control) WaitForType(msgType header.MessageType, subType header.Message
 			panic(err)
 		}
 		pipeTo.InjectUDPPacket(p)
-		match := h.Type == msgType && h.Subtype == subType
-		p.Release()
-		if match {
+		if h.Type == msgType && h.Subtype == subType {
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ func (c *Control) WaitForTypeByIndex(toIndex uint32, msgType header.MessageType,
 			panic(err)
 		}
 		pipeTo.InjectUDPPacket(p)
-		match := h.RemoteIndex == toIndex && h.Type == msgType && h.Subtype == subType
-		p.Release()
-		if match {
+		if h.RemoteIndex == toIndex && h.Type == msgType && h.Subtype == subType {
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -92,15 +90,65 @@ func (c *Control) GetTunTxChan() <-chan []byte {
 	return c.f.inside.(*overlay.TestTun).TxPackets
 }
 
-// InjectUDPPacket injects a packet into the udp side. We copy internally so the caller keeps ownership of p.
-// The copy comes from the freelist so steady-state alloc is zero.
+// InjectUDPPacket will inject a packet into the udp side of nebula
 func (c *Control) InjectUDPPacket(p *udp.Packet) {
-	c.f.outside.(*udp.TesterConn).Send(p.Copy())
+	c.f.outside.(*udp.TesterConn).Send(p)
 }
 
-// InjectTunPacket pushes an IP packet onto the tun interface.
-func (c *Control) InjectTunPacket(packet []byte) {
-	c.f.inside.(*overlay.TestTun).Send(packet)
+// InjectTunUDPPacket puts a udp packet on the tun interface. Using UDP here because it's a simpler protocol
+func (c *Control) InjectTunUDPPacket(toAddr netip.Addr, toPort uint16, fromAddr netip.Addr, fromPort uint16, data []byte) {
+	serialize := make([]gopacket.SerializableLayer, 0)
+	var netLayer gopacket.NetworkLayer
+	if toAddr.Is6() {
+		if !fromAddr.Is6() {
+			panic("Cant send ipv6 to ipv4")
+		}
+		ip := &layers.IPv6{
+			Version:    6,
+			NextHeader: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
+			SrcIP:      fromAddr.Unmap().AsSlice(),
+			DstIP:      toAddr.Unmap().AsSlice(),
+		}
+		serialize = append(serialize, ip)
+		netLayer = ip
+	} else {
+		if !fromAddr.Is4() {
+			panic("Cant send ipv4 to ipv6")
+		}
+
+		ip := &layers.IPv4{
+			Version:  4,
+			TTL:      64,
+			Protocol: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
+			SrcIP:    fromAddr.Unmap().AsSlice(),
+			DstIP:    toAddr.Unmap().AsSlice(),
+		}
+		serialize = append(serialize, ip)
+		netLayer = ip
+	}
+
+	udp := layers.UDP{
+		SrcPort: layers.UDPPort(fromPort),
+		DstPort: layers.UDPPort(toPort),
+	}
+	err := udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(netLayer)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	buffer := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opt := gopacket.SerializeOptions{
+		ComputeChecksums: true,
+		FixLengths:       true,
+	}
+
+	serialize = append(serialize, &udp, gopacket.Payload(data))
+	err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buffer, opt, serialize...)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	c.f.inside.(*overlay.TestTun).Send(buffer.Bytes())
 }
 
 func (c *Control) GetVpnAddrs() []netip.Addr {
@@ -108,19 +156,7 @@ func (c *Control) GetVpnAddrs() []netip.Addr {
 }
 
 func (c *Control) GetUDPAddr() netip.AddrPort {
-	return c.f.outside.(*udp.TesterConn).GetAddr()
-}
-
-// SetUDPAddr moves this node to a new underlay address, standing in for a laptop waking up on a different
-// network. Register the new address with the router as well or nothing will route back.
-func (c *Control) SetUDPAddr(addr netip.AddrPort) {
-	c.f.outside.(*udp.TesterConn).SetAddr(addr)
-}
-
-// SetLocalAddrsFn replaces underlay address discovery so a test can advertise its simulated address instead of
-// whatever this machine's NICs happen to be. Call it before Start, SendUpdate reads it from the update worker.
-func (c *Control) SetLocalAddrsFn(fn func(*LocalAllowList) []netip.Addr) {
-	c.f.lightHouse.localAddrsFn = fn
+	return c.f.outside.(*udp.TesterConn).Addr
 }
 
 func (c *Control) KillPendingTunnel(vpnIp netip.Addr) bool {
@@ -137,14 +173,6 @@ func (c *Control) GetHostmap() *HostMap {
 	return c.f.hostMap
 }
 
-// GetHostmapIndexCount returns the number of entries in the main hostmap Indexes table, holding
-// the hostmap read lock so tests can poll it while connection manager churns tunnels.
-func (c *Control) GetHostmapIndexCount() int {
-	c.f.hostMap.RLock()
-	defer c.f.hostMap.RUnlock()
-	return len(c.f.hostMap.Indexes)
-}
-
 func (c *Control) GetF() *Interface {
 	return c.f
 }

dist/wireshark/nebula.lua

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ function nebula.dissector(tvbuf, pktinfo, root)
     tree:add(pf_version, tvbuf:range(0,1))
     local type = tree:add(pf_type,    tvbuf:range(0,1))
 
-    local nebula_type = bit.band(tvbuf:range(0,1):uint(), 0x0F)
+    local nebula_type = bit32.band(tvbuf:range(0,1):uint(), 0x0F)
     if nebula_type == 0 then
         local stage = tvbuf(8,8):uint64()
         tree:add(pf_subtype_handshake, tvbuf:range(1,1))

dns_server.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
+	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 )
@@ -22,10 +23,7 @@ type dnsServer struct {
 	dnsMap4         map[string]netip.Addr
 	dnsMap6         map[string]netip.Addr
 	hostMap         *HostMap
-	pki     *PKI
-
-	// selfHost is the cached FQDN we last seeded for ourselves
-	selfHost string
+	myVpnAddrsTable *bart.Lite
 
 	mux *dns.ServeMux
 
@@ -57,14 +55,14 @@ type dnsServer struct {
 // they no-op when DNS isn't enabled. Each Start invocation owns a ctx-cancel
 // watcher that tears the listener down on nebula shutdown. The returned
 // pointer is always non-nil, even on error.
-func newDnsServerFromConfig(ctx context.Context, l *slog.Logger, pki *PKI, hostMap *HostMap, c *config.C) (*dnsServer, error) {
+func newDnsServerFromConfig(ctx context.Context, l *slog.Logger, cs *CertState, hostMap *HostMap, c *config.C) (*dnsServer, error) {
 	ds := &dnsServer{
 		l:               l,
 		ctx:             ctx,
 		dnsMap4:         make(map[string]netip.Addr),
 		dnsMap6:         make(map[string]netip.Addr),
 		hostMap:         hostMap,
-		pki:     pki,
+		myVpnAddrsTable: cs.myVpnAddrsTable,
 	}
 	ds.mux = dns.NewServeMux()
 	ds.mux.HandleFunc(".", ds.handleDnsRequest)
@@ -78,7 +76,6 @@ func newDnsServerFromConfig(ctx context.Context, l *slog.Logger, pki *PKI, hostM
 	if err := ds.reload(c, true); err != nil {
 		return ds, err
 	}
-	ds.seedSelf()
 	return ds, nil
 }
 
@@ -97,7 +94,8 @@ func (d *dnsServer) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
 	newAddr := getDnsServerAddr(c)
 
 	d.serverMu.Lock()
-	running := d.server != nil
+	running := d.server
+	runningStarted := d.started
 	sameAddr := d.addr == newAddr
 	d.addr = newAddr
 	d.enabled.Store(enabled)
@@ -111,26 +109,29 @@ func (d *dnsServer) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
 	}
 
 	if !enabled {
-		if running {
+		if running != nil {
 			d.Stop()
 		}
 		// Drop any records that accumulated while enabled; a later re-enable
-		// will repopulate from fresh handshakes and a fresh seedSelf.
+		// will repopulate from fresh handshakes.
 		d.clearRecords()
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if !running {
+	if running == nil {
 		// Was disabled (or never started); bring it up now.
 		go d.Start()
-	} else if !sameAddr {
-		// Stop clears the slot before shutting down, otherwise the Start below can find the dying server and refuse
-		d.Stop()
-		go d.Start()
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Refresh the self entry every enabled reload so cert renewals that change our name or VPN addresses are picked up.
-	d.seedSelf()
+	if sameAddr {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	d.shutdownServer(running, runningStarted, "reload")
+	// Old Start goroutine has now exited; bring up a fresh listener on the
+	// new address.
+	go d.Start()
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -161,9 +162,7 @@ func (d *dnsServer) Start() {
 
 	started := make(chan struct{})
 	d.serverMu.Lock()
-	// Re-check enabled under the lock, a disable that raced our check above snapshots the slot under it too.
-	// Two reloads in quick succession can both spawn a Start, the loser would orphan the live listener past Stop
-	if d.ctx.Err() != nil || d.server != nil || !d.enabled.Load() {
+	if d.ctx.Err() != nil {
 		d.serverMu.Unlock()
 		return
 	}
@@ -201,14 +200,6 @@ func (d *dnsServer) Start() {
 		close(started)
 	}
 
-	// Release our slot, unless a reload already replaced us, so a dead listener can't block a future Start
-	d.serverMu.Lock()
-	if d.server == server {
-		d.server = nil
-		d.started = nil
-	}
-	d.serverMu.Unlock()
-
 	if err != nil {
 		d.l.Warn("Failed to run the DNS responder", "error", err)
 	}
@@ -258,20 +249,6 @@ func (d *dnsServer) QueryCert(data string) string {
 		return ""
 	}
 
-	// The hostmap only ever contains peers we have handshaked with, so it never carries an entry for ourselves.
-	// Answer self lookups straight from the local cert state.
-	if cs := d.certState(); cs != nil && cs.myVpnAddrsTable != nil && cs.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(ip) {
-		c := cs.GetDefaultCertificate()
-		if c == nil {
-			return ""
-		}
-		b, err := c.MarshalJSON()
-		if err != nil {
-			return ""
-		}
-		return string(b)
-	}
-
 	hostinfo := d.hostMap.QueryVpnAddr(ip)
 	if hostinfo == nil {
 		return ""
@@ -289,60 +266,12 @@ func (d *dnsServer) QueryCert(data string) string {
 	return string(b)
 }
 
-// clearRecords drops all DNS records, including the self entry.
+// clearRecords drops all DNS records.
 func (d *dnsServer) clearRecords() {
 	d.Lock()
 	defer d.Unlock()
 	clear(d.dnsMap4)
 	clear(d.dnsMap6)
-	d.selfHost = ""
-}
-
-// seedSelf inserts (or refreshes) a record for our own cert name pointing at our VPN addresses,
-// so a single-lighthouse network can resolve the lighthouse's own hostname without the two-process workaround.
-func (d *dnsServer) seedSelf() {
-	if !d.enabled.Load() {
-		return
-	}
-	cs := d.certState()
-	if cs == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	c := cs.GetDefaultCertificate()
-	if c == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	newHost := strings.ToLower(c.Name()) + "."
-
-	d.Lock()
-	defer d.Unlock()
-	if d.selfHost != "" && d.selfHost != newHost {
-		delete(d.dnsMap4, d.selfHost)
-		delete(d.dnsMap6, d.selfHost)
-	}
-	d.selfHost = newHost
-	delete(d.dnsMap4, newHost)
-	delete(d.dnsMap6, newHost)
-	haveV4, haveV6 := false, false
-	for _, addr := range cs.myVpnAddrs {
-		if addr.Is4() && !haveV4 {
-			d.dnsMap4[newHost] = addr
-			haveV4 = true
-		} else if addr.Is6() && !haveV6 {
-			d.dnsMap6[newHost] = addr
-			haveV6 = true
-		}
-		if haveV4 && haveV6 {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (d *dnsServer) certState() *CertState {
-	if d.pki == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return d.pki.getCertState()
 }
 
 // Add adds the first IPv4 and IPv6 address that appears in `addresses` as the record for `host`
@@ -380,12 +309,8 @@ func (d *dnsServer) isSelfNebulaOrLocalhost(addr string) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	cs := d.certState()
-	if cs == nil || cs.myVpnAddrsTable == nil {
-		return false
-	}
 	//if we found it in this table, it's good
-	return cs.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(b)
+	return d.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(b)
 }
 
 func (d *dnsServer) parseQuery(m *dns.Msg, w dns.ResponseWriter) {

dns_server_test.go

@@ -9,10 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -194,51 +191,14 @@ func TestDnsServer_reload_initial_serveDnsWithoutLighthouse(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDnsServer_reload_sameAddr_noOp(t *testing.T) {
-	port := freeUDPPort(t)
 	ds, c := newTestDnsServer(t)
-	setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", port, true, true)
+	setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", "0", true, true)
+
 	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, true))
-
-	go ds.Start()
-	waitForBind(t, ds)
-
-	ds.serverMu.Lock()
-	before := ds.server
-	ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-	require.NotNil(t, before)
-
-	// Same address, so the running listener must be left alone rather than rebuilt under live queries
+	// No server running yet, no addr change. Reload should not spawn anything.
 	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, false))
 	assert.True(t, ds.enabled.Load())
-
-	ds.serverMu.Lock()
-	after := ds.server
-	ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-	assert.Same(t, before, after, "a same-address reload must not restart the listener")
-
-	ds.Stop()
-}
-
-// The branch the old sameAddr test was accidentally hitting: enabled with nothing running means reload starts it.
-func TestDnsServer_reload_whenNotRunning_starts(t *testing.T) {
-	port := freeUDPPort(t)
-	ds, c := newTestDnsServer(t)
-	setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", port, true, true)
-
-	// initial only records config, it never starts anything
-	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, true))
-	ds.serverMu.Lock()
-	assert.Nil(t, ds.server, "the initial reload must not start a listener")
-	ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-
-	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, false))
-	waitForBind(t, ds)
-
-	ds.serverMu.Lock()
-	assert.NotNil(t, ds.server, "a reload with nothing running should bring DNS up")
-	ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-
-	ds.Stop()
+	assert.Nil(t, ds.server)
 }
 
 func TestDnsServer_StartStop_lifecycle(t *testing.T) {
@@ -316,92 +276,6 @@ func TestDnsServer_Stop_beforeBind_doesNotHang(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// newTestPKI builds a minimal *PKI with a single v1 cert whose name and
-// VPN addresses are caller-provided, suitable for exercising seedSelf and
-// QueryCert self handling.
-func newTestPKI(t *testing.T, name string, addrs []netip.Addr) *PKI {
-	t.Helper()
-	networks := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(addrs))
-	for _, a := range addrs {
-		bits := 32
-		if a.Is6() {
-			bits = 128
-		}
-		networks = append(networks, netip.PrefixFrom(a, bits))
-	}
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil)
-	c, _, _, _ := cert_test.NewTestCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca, caKey, name, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, networks, nil, nil)
-
-	addrsTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	for _, a := range addrs {
-		addrsTable.Insert(netip.PrefixFrom(a, a.BitLen()))
-	}
-
-	cs := &CertState{
-		v2Cert:            c,
-		initiatingVersion: cert.Version2,
-		myVpnAddrs:        addrs,
-		myVpnAddrsTable:   addrsTable,
-	}
-	pki := &PKI{}
-	pki.cs.Store(cs)
-	return pki
-}
-
-func TestDnsServer_seedSelf_addsOwnRecord(t *testing.T) {
-	ds, c := newTestDnsServer(t)
-	myV4 := netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")
-	myV6 := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
-	ds.pki = newTestPKI(t, "lighthouse", []netip.Addr{myV4, myV6})
-	setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", "0", true, true)
-	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, true))
-
-	ds.seedSelf()
-	got4, exists := ds.Query(dns.TypeA, "lighthouse.")
-	assert.True(t, exists)
-	assert.Equal(t, myV4, got4)
-	got6, exists := ds.Query(dns.TypeAAAA, "lighthouse.")
-	assert.True(t, exists)
-	assert.Equal(t, myV6, got6)
-}
-
-func TestDnsServer_seedSelf_disabled_noOp(t *testing.T) {
-	ds, c := newTestDnsServer(t)
-	ds.pki = newTestPKI(t, "lighthouse", []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")})
-	setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", "0", true, false)
-	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, true))
-
-	ds.seedSelf()
-	_, exists := ds.Query(dns.TypeA, "lighthouse.")
-	assert.False(t, exists)
-}
-
-func TestDnsServer_clearRecords_dropsSelfHost(t *testing.T) {
-	ds, c := newTestDnsServer(t)
-	ds.pki = newTestPKI(t, "lighthouse", []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")})
-	setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", "0", true, true)
-	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, true))
-	ds.seedSelf()
-	require.NotEmpty(t, ds.selfHost)
-
-	ds.clearRecords()
-	assert.Empty(t, ds.selfHost)
-	_, exists := ds.Query(dns.TypeA, "lighthouse.")
-	assert.False(t, exists)
-}
-
-func TestDnsServer_QueryCert_returnsOwnCert(t *testing.T) {
-	ds, _ := newTestDnsServer(t)
-	myV4 := netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")
-	ds.pki = newTestPKI(t, "lighthouse", []netip.Addr{myV4})
-
-	got := ds.QueryCert(myV4.String() + ".")
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, got, "TXT lookup of our own VPN address should return our cert")
-
-	other := netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.99")
-	assert.Empty(t, ds.QueryCert(other.String()+"."), "unknown peer IP should return nothing")
-}
-
 func TestDnsServer_reload_disable_stopsRunningServer(t *testing.T) {
 	port := freeUDPPort(t)
 	ds, c := newTestDnsServer(t)
@@ -464,168 +338,3 @@ func waitFor(t *testing.T, cond func() bool) {
 	}
 	t.Fatal("timed out waiting for condition")
 }
-
-// Two reloads in quick succession, or a HUP before Control.Start, can race two Starts at the same listener.
-func TestDnsServer_Start_isIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
-	port := freeUDPPort(t)
-	ds, c := newTestDnsServer(t)
-	setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", port, true, true)
-	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, true))
-
-	go ds.Start()
-	waitForBind(t, ds)
-
-	ds.serverMu.Lock()
-	first := ds.server
-	ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-	require.NotNil(t, first)
-
-	// If the second Start replaces the tracked server, Stop kills the wrong one and the port leaks
-	done := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		ds.Start()
-		close(done)
-	}()
-	select {
-	case <-done:
-	case <-time.After(time.Second * 5):
-		t.Fatal("second Start never returned")
-	}
-
-	ds.serverMu.Lock()
-	second := ds.server
-	ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-	assert.Same(t, first, second, "a second Start must not replace the running server")
-
-	// The real proof, after Stop the port must actually be free
-	ds.Stop()
-	waitFor(t, func() bool {
-		pc, err := net.ListenPacket("udp", "127.0.0.1:"+port)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false
-		}
-		_ = pc.Close()
-		return true
-	})
-}
-
-// An address change must actually end up listening on the new port. Start's guard refuses when a server is already
-// installed, so reload has to clear the slot before shutting the old one down.
-func TestDnsServer_reload_addrChange_restarts(t *testing.T) {
-	first := freeUDPPort(t)
-	second := freeUDPPort(t)
-
-	ds, c := newTestDnsServer(t)
-	setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", first, true, true)
-	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, true))
-
-	go ds.Start()
-	waitForBind(t, ds)
-
-	// Cycle a few times, the failure this guards against depends on which goroutine wins serverMu
-	for i := range 8 {
-		want := second
-		if i%2 == 1 {
-			want = first
-		}
-		setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", want, true, true)
-		require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, false))
-		waitForBind(t, ds)
-
-		ds.serverMu.Lock()
-		srv := ds.server
-		ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-		require.NotNil(t, srv, "reload left DNS down instead of restarting it")
-		require.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1:"+want, srv.Addr, "reload should be serving the new address")
-	}
-
-	// Land back on second so the port assertions below are meaningful
-	setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", second, true, true)
-	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, false))
-	waitForBind(t, ds)
-
-	// The old port must be released and the new one actually held
-	waitFor(t, func() bool {
-		pc, err := net.ListenPacket("udp", "127.0.0.1:"+first)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false
-		}
-		_ = pc.Close()
-		return true
-	})
-	_, err := net.ListenPacket("udp", "127.0.0.1:"+second)
-	require.Error(t, err, "the new address should be bound by the DNS responder")
-
-	ds.Stop()
-}
-
-// A listener that dies on its own must release the slot, or a later same-addr reload sees it as running and no-ops.
-func TestDnsServer_Start_bindFailure_releasesSlot(t *testing.T) {
-	port := freeUDPPort(t)
-	blocker, err := net.ListenPacket("udp", "127.0.0.1:"+port)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	ds, c := newTestDnsServer(t)
-	setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", port, true, true)
-	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, true))
-
-	ds.Start() // returns once the bind fails
-
-	ds.serverMu.Lock()
-	assert.Nil(t, ds.server, "a listener that failed to bind must not stay parked in the slot")
-	ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-
-	// With the slot released, a reload can retry once the port frees up
-	require.NoError(t, blocker.Close())
-	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, false))
-	waitForBind(t, ds)
-
-	ds.serverMu.Lock()
-	assert.NotNil(t, ds.server, "a same-addr reload should retry after a failed bind")
-	ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-
-	ds.Stop()
-}
-
-// A disable that lands while Start is between its unlocked check and the guard must not leave a listener behind.
-func TestDnsServer_Start_refusesWhenDisabledUnderLock(t *testing.T) {
-	port := freeUDPPort(t)
-	ds, c := newTestDnsServer(t)
-	setDnsConfig(c, "127.0.0.1", port, true, true)
-	require.NoError(t, ds.reload(c, true))
-	require.True(t, ds.enabled.Load())
-
-	// Holding serverMu parks Start on the lock, the only way to land the disable in that window on purpose
-	ds.serverMu.Lock()
-
-	done := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		ds.Start()
-		close(done)
-	}()
-
-	select {
-	case <-done:
-		ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-		t.Fatal("Start returned early, the test never exercised the window")
-	case <-time.After(time.Millisecond * 100):
-	}
-
-	// The disable reload's critical section. It sees nothing running, so it never calls Stop.
-	ds.enabled.Store(false)
-	ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-
-	select {
-	case <-done:
-	case <-time.After(time.Second * 5):
-		t.Fatal("Start never returned")
-	}
-
-	ds.serverMu.Lock()
-	assert.Nil(t, ds.server, "Start must not install a listener a disable already cancelled")
-	ds.serverMu.Unlock()
-
-	pc, err := net.ListenPacket("udp", "127.0.0.1:"+port)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "an orphaned listener is still holding the port")
-	_ = pc.Close()
-}

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -1,16 +1,6 @@
 FROM gcr.io/distroless/static:latest
 
 ARG TARGETOS TARGETARCH
-
-ARG VERSION=dev
-ARG REVISION=unknown
-LABEL org.opencontainers.image.title="nebula" \
-      org.opencontainers.image.description="A scalable overlay networking tool with a focus on performance, simplicity and security" \
-      org.opencontainers.image.vendor="Nebula OSS" \
-      org.opencontainers.image.source="https://github.com/slackhq/nebula" \
-      org.opencontainers.image.version="${VERSION}" \
-      org.opencontainers.image.revision="${REVISION}"
-
 COPY build/$TARGETOS-$TARGETARCH/nebula /nebula
 COPY build/$TARGETOS-$TARGETARCH/nebula-cert /nebula-cert
 

e2e/echo_test.go

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-//go:build e2e_testing
-// +build e2e_testing
-
-package e2e
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/e2e/router"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func assertTestRequestEchoed(t *testing.T, cipher string) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	over := m{"cipher": cipher}
-	a, aNet, aUdp, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "a", "10.128.0.1/24", over)
-	b, bNet, bUdp, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "b", "10.128.0.2/24", over)
-
-	a.InjectLightHouseAddr(bNet[0].Addr(), bUdp)
-	b.InjectLightHouseAddr(aNet[0].Addr(), aUdp)
-	a.Start()
-	b.Start()
-	t.Cleanup(func() { a.Stop(); b.Stop() })
-	r := router.NewR(t, a, b)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	assertTunnel(t, aNet[0].Addr(), bNet[0].Addr(), a, b, r)
-	drainUDPTx(a)
-	drainUDPTx(b)
-
-	payload := []byte("a test payload well over sixteen bytes long, wow it's so very long long long!")
-	require.Greater(t, len(payload), header.Len)
-	a.GetF().SendMessageToVpnAddr(header.Test, header.TestRequest, bNet[0].Addr(), payload, make([]byte, 12, 12), make([]byte, udp.MTU))
-
-	// Deliver A's request to B; B must echo a reply back
-	b.InjectUDPPacket(a.GetFromUDP(true))
-	reply := nextUDPTxOfType(t, b, header.Test, header.TestReply, 2*time.Second)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, aUdp, reply.To, "the reply must go back to the requester")
-	// header + echoed payload + 16-byte AEAD tag: proves the whole payload
-	// round-tripped rather than being dropped or truncated.
-	assert.Equal(t, header.Len+len(payload)+16, len(reply.Data), "the full payload must be echoed back")
-}
-
-func TestTestRequestEchoesLongPayloadAES(t *testing.T) {
-	assertTestRequestEchoed(t, "aes")
-}
-
-func TestTestRequestEchoesLongPayloadChaChaPoly(t *testing.T) {
-	assertTestRequestEchoed(t, "chachapoly")
-}
-
-// drainUDPTx empties a control's UDP tx queue without blocking.
-func drainUDPTx(c *nebula.Control) {
-	for c.GetFromUDP(false) != nil {
-	}
-}
-
-// nextUDPTxOfType returns the next packet a control transmits whose nebula
-// header matches (wantType, wantSub), skipping unrelated packets.
-// It fails the test if none arrives within the timeout.
-func nextUDPTxOfType(t *testing.T, c *nebula.Control, wantType header.MessageType, wantSub header.MessageSubType, within time.Duration) *udp.Packet {
-	t.Helper()
-	ch := c.GetUDPTxChan()
-	timeout := time.After(within)
-	for {
-		select {
-		case p := <-ch:
-			var h header.H
-			if err := h.Parse(p.Data); err == nil && h.Type == wantType && h.Subtype == wantSub {
-				return p
-			}
-		case <-timeout:
-			t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for a %v/%v packet on the udp tx queue", wantType, wantSub)
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-}

e2e/handshake_manager_test.go

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ func makeHandshakePacket(from, to netip.AddrPort, subtype header.MessageSubType,
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeRetransmitDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// Verify the responder correctly handles receiving the same msg1 multiple times
 	// (retransmission). The duplicate goes through CheckAndComplete -> ErrAlreadySeen
 	// and the cached response is resent.
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ func TestHandshakeRetransmitDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 	defer r.RenderFlow()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger handshake from me to them")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi"))
 
 	t.Log("Grab my msg1")
 	msg1 := myControl.GetFromUDP(true)
@@ -79,7 +78,6 @@ func TestHandshakeRetransmitDuplicate(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeTruncatedPacketRecovery(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// Verify that a truncated handshake packet is ignored and the real
 	// packet can still complete the handshake.
 
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ func TestHandshakeTruncatedPacketRecovery(t *testing.T) {
 	defer r.RenderFlow()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger handshake")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi"))
 
 	t.Log("Get msg1 and deliver to responder")
 	msg1 := myControl.GetFromUDP(true)
@@ -128,7 +126,6 @@ func TestHandshakeTruncatedPacketRecovery(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeOrphanedMsg2Dropped(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// A msg2 arriving with no matching pending index should be silently dropped
 	// with no response sent and no state changes.
 
@@ -146,7 +143,7 @@ func TestHandshakeOrphanedMsg2Dropped(t *testing.T) {
 	defer r.RenderFlow()
 
 	t.Log("Complete a normal handshake")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi"))
 	r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
 
@@ -171,7 +168,6 @@ func TestHandshakeOrphanedMsg2Dropped(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeUnknownMessageCounter(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// A handshake packet with an unexpected message counter should be silently
 	// dropped with no side effects and no UDP response.
 
@@ -203,7 +199,6 @@ func TestHandshakeUnknownMessageCounter(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeUnknownSubtype(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// A handshake packet with an unknown subtype should be silently dropped.
 
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
@@ -229,7 +224,6 @@ func TestHandshakeUnknownSubtype(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeLateResponse(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// After a handshake times out, a late response should be silently ignored
 	// with no new tunnels created.
 
@@ -248,7 +242,7 @@ func TestHandshakeLateResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger handshake from me")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi"))
 
 	t.Log("Grab msg1 but don't deliver")
 	msg1 := myControl.GetFromUDP(true)
@@ -279,7 +273,6 @@ func TestHandshakeLateResponse(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeSelfConnectionRejected(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// Verify that a node rejects a handshake containing its own VPN IP in the
 	// peer cert. We do this by sending the initiator's own msg1 back to itself.
 
@@ -292,7 +285,7 @@ func TestHandshakeSelfConnectionRejected(t *testing.T) {
 	myControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger handshake from me")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(netip.MustParseAddr("10.128.0.2"), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(netip.MustParseAddr("10.128.0.2"), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi"))
 	msg1 := myControl.GetFromUDP(true)
 
 	t.Log("Drain any handshake retransmits before injecting")
@@ -328,7 +321,6 @@ func TestHandshakeSelfConnectionRejected(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeMessageCounter0Dropped(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// MessageCounter=0 is not a valid handshake message and should be dropped.
 
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
@@ -349,7 +341,6 @@ func TestHandshakeMessageCounter0Dropped(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeRemoteAllowList(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// Verify that a handshake from a blocked underlay IP is dropped with no
 	// response and no state changes. Then verify the same packet from an
 	// allowed IP succeeds.
@@ -375,7 +366,7 @@ func TestHandshakeRemoteAllowList(t *testing.T) {
 	defer r.RenderFlow()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger handshake from them")
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi")))
+	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi"))
 	msg1 := theirControl.GetFromUDP(true)
 
 	t.Log("Rewrite the source to a blocked IP and inject")
@@ -408,7 +399,6 @@ func TestHandshakeRemoteAllowList(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeAlreadySeenPreferredRemote(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// When a duplicate msg1 arrives via ErrAlreadySeen, verify the tunnel
 	// remains functional and hostmap index count is stable.
 
@@ -426,7 +416,7 @@ func TestHandshakeAlreadySeenPreferredRemote(t *testing.T) {
 	defer r.RenderFlow()
 
 	t.Log("Complete a normal handshake via the router")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi"))
 	r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
 
@@ -437,7 +427,7 @@ func TestHandshakeAlreadySeenPreferredRemote(t *testing.T) {
 	originalRemote := hi.CurrentRemote
 
 	t.Log("Re-trigger traffic to cause a new handshake attempt (ErrAlreadySeen)")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("roam")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("roam"))
 	r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 
 	t.Log("Verify tunnel still works")
@@ -455,7 +445,6 @@ func TestHandshakeAlreadySeenPreferredRemote(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeWrongResponderPacketStore(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// Verify that when the wrong host responds, the cached packets are
 	// transferred to the new handshake, the evil tunnel is closed, evil's
 	// address is blocked, and the correct tunnel is eventually established.
@@ -475,8 +464,8 @@ func TestHandshakeWrongResponderPacketStore(t *testing.T) {
 	evilControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Send multiple packets to them (cached during handshake)")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("packet1")))
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("packet2")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("packet1"))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("packet2"))
 
 	t.Log("Route until evil tunnel is closed")
 	h := &header.H{}
@@ -519,7 +508,6 @@ func TestHandshakeWrongResponderPacketStore(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestHandshakeRelayComplete(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// Verify that a relay handshake completes correctly and relay state is
 	// properly maintained on all three nodes.
 
@@ -540,7 +528,7 @@ func TestHandshakeRelayComplete(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger handshake via relay")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi via relay")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi via relay"))
 
 	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi via relay"), p, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, 80)
@@ -568,7 +556,7 @@ func TestHandshakeRelayComplete(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // NOTE: Relay V1 cert + IPv6 rejection is not tested here because
-// BuildTunUDPPacket from a V4 node to a V6 address panics in the test
+// InjectTunUDPPacket from a V4 node to a V6 address panics in the test
 // framework. The check is in handshake_manager.go handleOutbound relay
 // logic (lines ~304-313): if the relay host has a V1 cert and either
 // address is IPv6, the relay is skipped.

e2e/handshakes_test.go

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/e2e/router"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -40,22 +39,11 @@ func BenchmarkHotPath(b *testing.B) {
 	r.CancelFlowLogs()
 
 	assertTunnel(b, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-
-	// Pre-build the IP packet bytes once so the bench measures the data plane,
-	// not gopacket SerializeLayers overhead.
-	prebuilt := BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
-
-	// EnableFanIn switches the router to a 0-alloc routing path. Required
-	// for hot-path benchmarks; would conflict with GetFromUDP-using tests.
-	r.EnableFanIn()
-
 	b.ResetTimer()
 
 	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-		myControl.InjectTunPacket(prebuilt)
-		// Release the TUN-side bytes back to the harness freelist; the bench
-		// just confirms a packet arrived, the contents aren't inspected.
-		overlay.ReleaseTunBuf(r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl))
+		myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
+		_ = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	}
 
 	myControl.Stop()
@@ -83,15 +71,11 @@ func BenchmarkHotPathRelay(b *testing.B) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	assertTunnel(b, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, myControl, r)
-
-	prebuilt := BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
-	r.EnableFanIn()
-
 	b.ResetTimer()
 
 	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-		myControl.InjectTunPacket(prebuilt)
-		overlay.ReleaseTunBuf(r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl))
+		myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
+		_ = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	}
 
 	myControl.Stop()
@@ -100,7 +84,6 @@ func BenchmarkHotPathRelay(b *testing.B) {
 }
 
 func TestGoodHandshake(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me", "10.128.0.1/24", nil)
 	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "them", "10.128.0.2/24", nil)
@@ -113,7 +96,7 @@ func TestGoodHandshake(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Send a udp packet through to begin standing up the tunnel, this should come out the other side")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	t.Log("Have them consume my stage 0 packet. They have a tunnel now")
 	theirControl.InjectUDPPacket(myControl.GetFromUDP(true))
@@ -151,7 +134,6 @@ func TestGoodHandshake(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGoodHandshakeNoOverlap(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me", "10.128.0.1/24", nil)
 	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "them", "2001::69/24", nil) //look ma, cross-stack!
@@ -187,7 +169,6 @@ func TestGoodHandshakeNoOverlap(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestWrongResponderHandshake(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me", "10.128.0.100/24", nil)
@@ -207,7 +188,7 @@ func TestWrongResponderHandshake(t *testing.T) {
 	evilControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Start the handshake process, we will route until we see the evil tunnel closed")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	h := &header.H{}
 	r.RouteForAllExitFunc(func(p *udp.Packet, c *nebula.Control) router.ExitType {
@@ -264,7 +245,6 @@ func TestWrongResponderHandshake(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestWrongResponderHandshakeStaticHostMap(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 
 	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "them", "10.128.0.99/24", nil)
@@ -289,7 +269,7 @@ func TestWrongResponderHandshakeStaticHostMap(t *testing.T) {
 	evilControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Start the handshake process, we will route until we see the evil tunnel closed")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	h := &header.H{}
 	r.RouteForAllExitFunc(func(p *udp.Packet, c *nebula.Control) router.ExitType {
@@ -347,7 +327,6 @@ func TestWrongResponderHandshakeStaticHostMap(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStage1Race(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// This tests ensures that two hosts handshaking with each other at the same time will allow traffic to flow
 	// But will eventually collapse down to a single tunnel
 
@@ -368,8 +347,8 @@ func TestStage1Race(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger a handshake to start on both me and them")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
+	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them"))
 
 	t.Log("Get both stage 1 handshake packets")
 	myHsForThem := myControl.GetFromUDP(true)
@@ -405,7 +384,7 @@ func TestStage1Race(t *testing.T) {
 
 	r.Log("Spin until connection manager tears down a tunnel")
 
-	for myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()+theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() > 2 {
+	for len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)+len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) > 2 {
 		assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
 		t.Log("Connection manager hasn't ticked yet")
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
@@ -428,7 +407,6 @@ func TestStage1Race(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUncleanShutdownRaceLoser(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me  ", "10.128.0.1/24", nil)
 	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "them", "10.128.0.2/24", nil)
@@ -446,20 +424,18 @@ func TestUncleanShutdownRaceLoser(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	r.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me"), p, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, 80)
 
 	r.Log("Nuke my hostmap")
 	myHostmap := myControl.GetHostmap()
-	myHostmap.Lock()
 	myHostmap.Hosts = map[netip.Addr]*nebula.HostInfo{}
 	myHostmap.Indexes = map[uint32]*nebula.HostInfo{}
 	myHostmap.RemoteIndexes = map[uint32]*nebula.HostInfo{}
-	myHostmap.Unlock()
 
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me again")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me again"))
 	p = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me again"), p, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, 80)
 
@@ -467,10 +443,10 @@ func TestUncleanShutdownRaceLoser(t *testing.T) {
 	assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
 
 	r.Log("Wait for the dead index to go away")
-	start := theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
+	start := len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
 	for {
 		assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-		if theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() < start {
+		if len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) < start {
 			break
 		}
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
@@ -480,7 +456,6 @@ func TestUncleanShutdownRaceLoser(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestUncleanShutdownRaceWinner(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me  ", "10.128.0.1/24", nil)
 	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "them", "10.128.0.2/24", nil)
@@ -498,7 +473,7 @@ func TestUncleanShutdownRaceWinner(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	r.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me"), p, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, 80)
@@ -506,13 +481,11 @@ func TestUncleanShutdownRaceWinner(t *testing.T) {
 
 	r.Log("Nuke my hostmap")
 	theirHostmap := theirControl.GetHostmap()
-	theirHostmap.Lock()
 	theirHostmap.Hosts = map[netip.Addr]*nebula.HostInfo{}
 	theirHostmap.Indexes = map[uint32]*nebula.HostInfo{}
 	theirHostmap.RemoteIndexes = map[uint32]*nebula.HostInfo{}
-	theirHostmap.Unlock()
 
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them again")))
+	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them again"))
 	p = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(myControl)
 	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from them again"), p, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, 80)
 	r.RenderHostmaps("Derp hostmaps", myControl, theirControl)
@@ -521,10 +494,10 @@ func TestUncleanShutdownRaceWinner(t *testing.T) {
 	assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
 
 	r.Log("Wait for the dead index to go away")
-	start := myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
+	start := len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
 	for {
 		assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-		if myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() < start {
+		if len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) < start {
 			break
 		}
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
@@ -534,7 +507,6 @@ func TestUncleanShutdownRaceWinner(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRelays(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
 	relayControl, relayVpnIpNet, relayUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "relay  ", "10.128.0.128/24", m{"relay": m{"am_relay": true}})
@@ -555,7 +527,7 @@ func TestRelays(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them via the relay")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
@@ -564,7 +536,6 @@ func TestRelays(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRelaysDontCareAboutIps(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
 	relayControl, relayVpnIpNet, relayUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "relay  ", "2001::9999/24", m{"relay": m{"am_relay": true}})
@@ -585,7 +556,7 @@ func TestRelaysDontCareAboutIps(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them via the relay")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
@@ -594,7 +565,6 @@ func TestRelaysDontCareAboutIps(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestReestablishRelays(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
 	relayControl, relayVpnIpNet, relayUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "relay  ", "10.128.0.128/24", m{"relay": m{"am_relay": true}})
@@ -615,14 +585,14 @@ func TestReestablishRelays(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them via the relay")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
 	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me"), p, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, 80)
 
 	t.Log("Ensure packet traversal from them to me via the relay")
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them")))
+	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them"))
 
 	p = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(myControl)
 	r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
@@ -632,12 +602,12 @@ func TestReestablishRelays(t *testing.T) {
 	r.Log("Close the tunnel")
 	relayControl.CloseTunnel(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), true)
 
-	start := myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
-	curIndexes := myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
+	start := len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
+	curIndexes := len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
 	for curIndexes >= start {
-		curIndexes = myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
+		curIndexes = len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
 		r.Logf("Wait for the dead index to go away:start=%v indexes, current=%v indexes", start, curIndexes)
-		myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me should fail")))
+		myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me should fail"))
 
 		r.RouteForAllExitFunc(func(p *udp.Packet, c *nebula.Control) router.ExitType {
 			return router.RouteAndExit
@@ -654,7 +624,7 @@ func TestReestablishRelays(t *testing.T) {
 		myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(relayVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), relayUdpAddr)
 		myControl.InjectRelays(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), []netip.Addr{relayVpnIpNet[0].Addr()})
 		relayControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-		myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+		myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 		p = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 		r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
@@ -689,7 +659,7 @@ func TestReestablishRelays(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Log("Assert the tunnel works the other way, too")
 	for {
 		t.Log("RouteForAllUntilTxTun")
-		theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them")))
+		theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them"))
 
 		p = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(myControl)
 		r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
@@ -725,72 +695,7 @@ func TestReestablishRelays(t *testing.T) {
 
 }
 
-func TestRelayHandshakeOverDisestablishedEntry(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	// If them tears down the tunnel while me keeps Established relay state, me's next
-	// handshake flows through the relay with no fresh CreateRelayRequest and lands on
-	// them's Disestablished terminal relay entry. them must re-establish that entry, or
-	// its first transmit deletes its only relay and the tunnel is born transmit-dead:
-	// them can receive but every send is silently dropped.
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
-	relayControl, relayVpnIpNet, relayUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "relay  ", "10.128.0.128/24", m{"relay": m{"am_relay": true}})
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "them   ", "10.128.0.2/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
-
-	// Teach my how to get to the relay and that their can be reached via the relay
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(relayVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), relayUdpAddr)
-	myControl.InjectRelays(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), []netip.Addr{relayVpnIpNet[0].Addr()})
-	relayControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-
-	// Build a router so we don't have to reason who gets which packet
-	r := router.NewR(t, myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	// Start the servers
-	myControl.Start()
-	relayControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	t.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them via the relay")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
-
-	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
-	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me"), p, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, 80)
-	oldIdx := myControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), false).LocalIndex
-
-	t.Log("Close the tunnel on them only, marking their relay entry Disestablished")
-	theirControl.CloseTunnel(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), true)
-
-	t.Log("Re-handshake from me, riding the still-Established relay state")
-	myControl.ReHandshake(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr())
-	for {
-		h := myControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), false)
-		if h != nil && h.LocalIndex != oldIdx && h.RemoteIndex != 0 {
-			break
-		}
-		r.RouteForAllExitFunc(func(*udp.Packet, *nebula.Control) router.ExitType {
-			return router.RouteAndExit
-		})
-	}
-
-	hAtThem := theirControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), false)
-	require.NotNil(t, hAtThem, "them should have completed the relayed handshake")
-	require.Equal(t, []netip.Addr{relayVpnIpNet[0].Addr()}, hAtThem.CurrentRelaysToMe, "them should know a relay for the new tunnel")
-
-	t.Log("Send from them to me; their only relay entry must survive the transmit")
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them")))
-	require.Never(t, func() bool {
-		h := theirControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), false)
-		return h == nil || len(h.CurrentRelaysToMe) == 0
-	}, time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond, "them deleted its only relay entry; the tunnel is permanently transmit-dead")
-
-	p = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(myControl)
-	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from them"), p, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, 80)
-	r.RenderHostmaps("Final hostmaps", myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
-}
-
 func TestStage1RaceRelays(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	//NOTE: this is a race between me and relay resulting in a full tunnel from me to them via relay
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
@@ -823,8 +728,8 @@ func TestStage1RaceRelays(t *testing.T) {
 	assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), relayVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, relayControl, r)
 
 	r.Log("Trigger a handshake from both them and me via relay to them and me")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
+	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them"))
 
 	r.Log("Wait for a packet from them to me")
 	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(myControl)
@@ -838,7 +743,6 @@ func TestStage1RaceRelays(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStage1RaceRelays2(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	//NOTE: this is a race between me and relay resulting in a full tunnel from me to them via relay
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
@@ -871,8 +775,8 @@ func TestStage1RaceRelays2(t *testing.T) {
 	assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), relayVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, relayControl, r)
 
 	r.Log("Trigger a handshake from both them and me via relay to them and me")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
+	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them"))
 
 	//r.RouteUntilAfterMsgType(myControl, header.Control, header.MessageNone)
 	//r.RouteUntilAfterMsgType(theirControl, header.Control, header.MessageNone)
@@ -887,18 +791,18 @@ func TestStage1RaceRelays2(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Log("Wait until we remove extra tunnels")
 	t.Logf("Waiting for hostinfos to be removed... myControl=%d theirControl=%d relayControl=%d",
-		myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount(),
-		theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount(),
-		relayControl.GetHostmapIndexCount(),
+		len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes),
+		len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes),
+		len(relayControl.GetHostmap().Indexes),
 	)
-	hostInfos := myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() + theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() + relayControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
+	hostInfos := len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) + len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) + len(relayControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
 	retries := 60
 	for hostInfos > 6 && retries > 0 {
-		hostInfos = myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() + theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() + relayControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
+		hostInfos = len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) + len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) + len(relayControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
 		t.Logf("Waiting for hostinfos to be removed... myControl=%d theirControl=%d relayControl=%d",
-			myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount(),
-			theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount(),
-			relayControl.GetHostmapIndexCount(),
+			len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes),
+			len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes),
+			len(relayControl.GetHostmap().Indexes),
 		)
 		assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
 		t.Log("Connection manager hasn't ticked yet")
@@ -915,7 +819,6 @@ func TestStage1RaceRelays2(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRehandshakingRelays(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
 	relayControl, relayVpnIpNet, relayUdpAddr, relayConfig := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "relay  ", "10.128.0.128/24", m{"relay": m{"am_relay": true}})
@@ -936,7 +839,7 @@ func TestRehandshakingRelays(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them via the relay")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
@@ -992,24 +895,24 @@ func TestRehandshakingRelays(t *testing.T) {
 	assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, myControl, r)
 	r.RenderHostmaps("working hostmaps", myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
 	// We should have two hostinfos on all sides
-	for myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() != 2 {
-		t.Logf("Waiting for myControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount())
+	for len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) != 2 {
+		t.Logf("Waiting for myControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes))
 		r.Log("Assert the relay tunnel still works")
 		assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, myControl, r)
 		r.Log("yupitdoes")
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
 	}
 	t.Logf("myControl hostinfos got cleaned up!")
-	for theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() != 2 {
-		t.Logf("Waiting for theirControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount())
+	for len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) != 2 {
+		t.Logf("Waiting for theirControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes))
 		r.Log("Assert the relay tunnel still works")
 		assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, myControl, r)
 		r.Log("yupitdoes")
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
 	}
 	t.Logf("theirControl hostinfos got cleaned up!")
-	for relayControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() != 2 {
-		t.Logf("Waiting for relayControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", relayControl.GetHostmapIndexCount())
+	for len(relayControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) != 2 {
+		t.Logf("Waiting for relayControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", len(relayControl.GetHostmap().Indexes))
 		r.Log("Assert the relay tunnel still works")
 		assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, myControl, r)
 		r.Log("yupitdoes")
@@ -1019,7 +922,6 @@ func TestRehandshakingRelays(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRehandshakingRelaysPrimary(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// This test is the same as TestRehandshakingRelays but one of the terminal types is a primary swap winner
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.128/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
@@ -1041,7 +943,7 @@ func TestRehandshakingRelaysPrimary(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them via the relay")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
@@ -1097,24 +999,24 @@ func TestRehandshakingRelaysPrimary(t *testing.T) {
 	assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, myControl, r)
 	r.RenderHostmaps("working hostmaps", myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
 	// We should have two hostinfos on all sides
-	for myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() != 2 {
-		t.Logf("Waiting for myControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount())
+	for len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) != 2 {
+		t.Logf("Waiting for myControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes))
 		r.Log("Assert the relay tunnel still works")
 		assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, myControl, r)
 		r.Log("yupitdoes")
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
 	}
 	t.Logf("myControl hostinfos got cleaned up!")
-	for theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() != 2 {
-		t.Logf("Waiting for theirControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount())
+	for len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) != 2 {
+		t.Logf("Waiting for theirControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes))
 		r.Log("Assert the relay tunnel still works")
 		assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, myControl, r)
 		r.Log("yupitdoes")
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
 	}
 	t.Logf("theirControl hostinfos got cleaned up!")
-	for relayControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() != 2 {
-		t.Logf("Waiting for relayControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", relayControl.GetHostmapIndexCount())
+	for len(relayControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) != 2 {
+		t.Logf("Waiting for relayControl hostinfos (%v != 2) to get cleaned up from lack of use...", len(relayControl.GetHostmap().Indexes))
 		r.Log("Assert the relay tunnel still works")
 		assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, myControl, r)
 		r.Log("yupitdoes")
@@ -1124,7 +1026,6 @@ func TestRehandshakingRelaysPrimary(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRehandshaking(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, myConfig := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me  ", "10.128.0.2/24", nil)
 	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, theirConfig := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "them", "10.128.0.1/24", nil)
@@ -1191,7 +1092,7 @@ func TestRehandshaking(t *testing.T) {
 	theirConfig.ReloadConfigString(string(rc))
 
 	r.Log("Spin until there is only 1 tunnel")
-	for myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()+theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() > 2 {
+	for len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)+len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) > 2 {
 		assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
 		t.Log("Connection manager hasn't ticked yet")
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
@@ -1220,7 +1121,6 @@ func TestRehandshaking(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRehandshakingLoser(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// The purpose of this test is that the race loser renews their certificate and rehandshakes. The final tunnel
 	// Should be the one with the new certificate
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
@@ -1291,7 +1191,7 @@ func TestRehandshakingLoser(t *testing.T) {
 	myConfig.ReloadConfigString(string(rc))
 
 	r.Log("Spin until there is only 1 tunnel")
-	for myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()+theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount() > 2 {
+	for len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)+len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes) > 2 {
 		assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
 		t.Log("Connection manager hasn't ticked yet")
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
@@ -1319,7 +1219,6 @@ func TestRehandshakingLoser(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestRaceRegression(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// This test forces stage 1, stage 2, stage 1 to be received by me from them
 	// We had a bug where we were not finding the duplicate handshake and responding to the final stage 1 which
 	// caused a cross-linked hostinfo
@@ -1343,8 +1242,8 @@ func TestRaceRegression(t *testing.T) {
 	//them rx stage:2 initiatorIndex=120607833 responderIndex=4209862089
 
 	t.Log("Start both handshakes")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
+	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them"))
 
 	t.Log("Get both stage 1")
 	myStage1ForThem := myControl.GetFromUDP(true)
@@ -1380,7 +1279,6 @@ func TestRaceRegression(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestV2NonPrimaryWithLighthouse(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	lhControl, lhVpnIpNet, lhUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "lh  ", "10.128.0.1/24, ff::1/64", m{"lighthouse": m{"am_lighthouse": true}})
 
@@ -1421,7 +1319,6 @@ func TestV2NonPrimaryWithLighthouse(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestV2NonPrimaryWithOffNetLighthouse(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	lhControl, lhVpnIpNet, lhUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "lh  ", "2001::1/64", m{"lighthouse": m{"am_lighthouse": true}})
 
@@ -1462,7 +1359,6 @@ func TestV2NonPrimaryWithOffNetLighthouse(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestLighthouseUpdateOnReload(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 
 	// Create the lighthouse
@@ -1538,7 +1434,6 @@ func TestLighthouseUpdateOnReload(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGoodHandshakeUnsafeDest(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	unsafePrefix := "192.168.6.0/24"
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServerWithUdpAndUnsafeNetworks(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "spooky", "10.128.0.2/24", netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.64.0.2:4242"), unsafePrefix, nil)
@@ -1560,7 +1455,7 @@ func TestGoodHandshakeUnsafeDest(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Send a udp packet through to begin standing up the tunnel, this should come out the other side")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(spookyDest, 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(spookyDest, 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	t.Log("Have them consume my stage 0 packet. They have a tunnel now")
 	theirControl.InjectUDPPacket(myControl.GetFromUDP(true))
@@ -1588,7 +1483,7 @@ func TestGoodHandshakeUnsafeDest(t *testing.T) {
 	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me"), myCachedPacket, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), spookyDest, 80, 80)
 
 	//reply
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, spookyDest, 80, []byte("Hi from the spookyman")))
+	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, spookyDest, 80, []byte("Hi from the spookyman"))
 	//wait for reply
 	theirControl.WaitForType(1, 0, myControl)
 	theirCachedPacket := myControl.GetFromTun(true)
@@ -1603,78 +1498,3 @@ func TestGoodHandshakeUnsafeDest(t *testing.T) {
 	myControl.Stop()
 	theirControl.Stop()
 }
-
-func TestMultiVpnAddrDeletePrimaryKeepsSecondAddr(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	// Regression for the hostmap multi-vpnAddr delete bug. A dual-stack (v4+v6) V2-cert peer that
-	// handshakes twice at once ends up with two hostinfos linked in the shared next/prev chain, with the
-	// primary owning both addresses. Deleting that primary (e.g. connection manager dropping it, a
-	// CloseTunnel, a collision) must promote the surviving sibling for EVERY address. The pre-fix code
-	// unlinked the chain once per address, so it promoted the sibling for the first address and orphaned
-	// the second: the peer stayed reachable at its v4 addr but not its v6 addr despite a live tunnel.
-
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me  ", "10.128.0.1/24,fd00::1/64", nil)
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "them", "10.128.0.2/24,fd00::2/64", nil)
-
-	// This bug only exists for peers carrying more than one vpn address
-	require.Len(t, theirVpnIpNet, 2)
-	theirV4 := theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr()
-	theirV6 := theirVpnIpNet[1].Addr()
-
-	// Put their info in our lighthouse and vice versa
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirV4, theirUdpAddr)
-	theirControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myUdpAddr)
-
-	// Build a router so we don't have to reason who gets which packet
-	r := router.NewR(t, myControl, theirControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	myControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	// Race a handshake so both of us build a hostinfo for the other, leaving my hostmap with a single
-	// host (them) backed by two linked hostinfos, just like TestStage1Race.
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirV4, 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, theirV4, 80, []byte("Hi from them")))
-
-	myHsForThem := myControl.GetFromUDP(true)
-	theirHsForMe := theirControl.GetFromUDP(true)
-
-	r.InjectUDPPacket(theirControl, myControl, theirHsForMe)
-	r.InjectUDPPacket(myControl, theirControl, myHsForThem)
-
-	r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
-	r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(myControl)
-
-	r.RenderHostmaps("Racing hostmaps", myControl, theirControl)
-
-	// Two hostinfos for them means the shared next/prev chain has a sibling to promote. The Hosts map has
-	// one entry per vpn address (two, for dual stack), so the index count is what tells us there are two
-	// hostinfos.
-	require.Len(t, myControl.ListHostmapIndexes(false), 2)
-
-	// The primary owns both of their addresses
-	primaryV4 := myControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(theirV4, false)
-	primaryV6 := myControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(theirV6, false)
-	require.NotNil(t, primaryV4)
-	require.NotNil(t, primaryV6)
-	require.Equal(t, primaryV4.LocalIndex, primaryV6.LocalIndex, "both addrs should point at the same primary")
-
-	// Delete the primary tunnel. localOnly so we don't perturb their side, we only care about my hostmap.
-	require.True(t, myControl.CloseTunnel(theirV4, true))
-
-	// The surviving sibling must still serve BOTH addresses.
-	survivorV4 := myControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(theirV4, false)
-	survivorV6 := myControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(theirV6, false)
-	require.NotNil(t, survivorV4, "v4 addr should still resolve to the surviving tunnel")
-	// Pre-fix this is nil: the second address was orphaned when the primary was deleted.
-	require.NotNil(t, survivorV6, "v6 addr was orphaned after deleting the primary (multi-vpnAddr delete bug)")
-	assert.Equal(t, survivorV4.LocalIndex, survivorV6.LocalIndex, "both addrs should promote to the same survivor")
-	assert.NotEqual(t, primaryV4.LocalIndex, survivorV4.LocalIndex, "a different hostinfo should now be primary")
-
-	r.RenderHostmaps("Final hostmaps", myControl, theirControl)
-
-	myControl.Stop()
-	theirControl.Stop()
-}

e2e/helpers_test.go

@@ -294,12 +294,12 @@ func deadline(t *testing.T, seconds time.Duration) doneCb {
 
 func assertTunnel(t testing.TB, vpnIpA, vpnIpB netip.Addr, controlA, controlB *nebula.Control, r *router.R) {
 	// Send a packet from them to me
-	controlB.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(vpnIpA, 80, vpnIpB, 90, []byte("Hi from B")))
+	controlB.InjectTunUDPPacket(vpnIpA, 80, vpnIpB, 90, []byte("Hi from B"))
 	bPacket := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(controlA)
 	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from B"), bPacket, vpnIpB, vpnIpA, 90, 80)
 
 	// And once more from me to them
-	controlA.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(vpnIpB, 80, vpnIpA, 90, []byte("Hello from A")))
+	controlA.InjectTunUDPPacket(vpnIpB, 80, vpnIpA, 90, []byte("Hello from A"))
 	aPacket := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(controlB)
 	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hello from A"), aPacket, vpnIpA, vpnIpB, 90, 80)
 }
@@ -408,58 +408,3 @@ func testLogLevelName() string {
 	}
 	return "info"
 }
-
-// BuildTunUDPPacket assembles an IP+UDP packet suitable for Control.InjectTunPacket.
-// Using UDP here because it's a simpler protocol.
-func BuildTunUDPPacket(toAddr netip.Addr, toPort uint16, fromAddr netip.Addr, fromPort uint16, data []byte) []byte {
-	serialize := make([]gopacket.SerializableLayer, 0)
-	var netLayer gopacket.NetworkLayer
-	if toAddr.Is6() {
-		if !fromAddr.Is6() {
-			panic("Cant send ipv6 to ipv4")
-		}
-		ip := &layers.IPv6{
-			Version:    6,
-			NextHeader: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
-			SrcIP:      fromAddr.Unmap().AsSlice(),
-			DstIP:      toAddr.Unmap().AsSlice(),
-		}
-		serialize = append(serialize, ip)
-		netLayer = ip
-	} else {
-		if !fromAddr.Is4() {
-			panic("Cant send ipv4 to ipv6")
-		}
-
-		ip := &layers.IPv4{
-			Version:  4,
-			TTL:      64,
-			Protocol: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
-			SrcIP:    fromAddr.Unmap().AsSlice(),
-			DstIP:    toAddr.Unmap().AsSlice(),
-		}
-		serialize = append(serialize, ip)
-		netLayer = ip
-	}
-
-	udp := layers.UDP{
-		SrcPort: layers.UDPPort(fromPort),
-		DstPort: layers.UDPPort(toPort),
-	}
-	if err := udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(netLayer); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	buffer := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
-	opt := gopacket.SerializeOptions{
-		ComputeChecksums: true,
-		FixLengths:       true,
-	}
-
-	serialize = append(serialize, &udp, gopacket.Payload(data))
-	if err := gopacket.SerializeLayers(buffer, opt, serialize...); err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	return buffer.Bytes()
-}

e2e/leak_test.go

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-//go:build e2e_testing
-// +build e2e_testing
-
-package e2e
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/e2e/router"
-	"go.uber.org/goleak"
-)
-
-// TestNoGoroutineLeaks brings up two nebula instances, completes a tunnel,
-// stops both, and asserts no goroutines leak past the shutdown. goleak's
-// retry mechanism gives the wg.Wait()-driven goroutines a moment to drain
-// before failing the assertion.
-//
-// Intentionally NOT t.Parallel()'d: concurrent tests would have their own
-// goroutines running and trip the assertion.
-func TestNoGoroutineLeaks(t *testing.T) {
-	defer goleak.VerifyNone(t)
-
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me", "10.128.0.1/24", nil)
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "them", "10.128.0.2/24", nil)
-
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-	theirControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myUdpAddr)
-
-	myControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	r := router.NewR(t, myControl, theirControl)
-	assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-
-	myControl.Stop()
-	theirControl.Stop()
-	r.RenderFlow()
-
-	// Settle period: Stop() is non-blocking; the wg-driven goroutines need
-	// a moment to drain. goleak retries internally too, but a short explicit
-	// settle reduces flakes when the suite is busy.
-	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
-}

e2e/rebind_test.go

@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-//go:build e2e_testing
-// +build e2e_testing
-
-package e2e
-
-import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/e2e/router"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-// reportedAddrs is what the lighthouse would hand a peer asking where vpnAddr is.
-func reportedAddrs(t *testing.T, lh *nebula.Control, vpnAddr netip.Addr) []netip.AddrPort {
-	t.Helper()
-	cm := lh.QueryLighthouse(vpnAddr)
-	if cm == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	var out []netip.AddrPort
-	for _, c := range *cm {
-		out = append(out, c.Reported...)
-		out = append(out, c.Learned...)
-	}
-	return out
-}
-
-// waitForLighthouseMsg routes until a lighthouse message lands on lh, or gives up. Reports whether one arrived.
-func waitForLighthouseMsg(t *testing.T, r *router.R, lh *nebula.Control, wait time.Duration) bool {
-	t.Helper()
-	h := &header.H{}
-	return r.RouteForAllExitFuncOrTimeout(wait, func(p *udp.Packet, c *nebula.Control) router.ExitType {
-		if c != lh {
-			return router.KeepRouting
-		}
-		// Punches are a single byte and never parse, they are just not what we are after
-		if err := h.Parse(p.Data); err != nil {
-			return router.KeepRouting
-		}
-		if h.Type == header.LightHouse {
-			return router.RouteAndExit
-		}
-		return router.KeepRouting
-	})
-}
-
-// A laptop that changes networks has to tell the lighthouse promptly, otherwise the lighthouse keeps handing peers
-// the old address and their punches land nowhere. On a long lighthouse interval the only thing that closes that
-// window is the rebind, which on darwin the network change monitor drives. The e2e build compiles the monitor out,
-// so we call RebindUDPServer directly, which is the same thing the monitor does.
-func TestRebindSendsLighthouseUpdate(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-
-	lhControl, lhVpnIpNet, lhUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "lh", "10.128.0.1/24", m{
-		"lighthouse": m{"am_lighthouse": true},
-	})
-
-	// 600s interval, so nothing scheduled can send an update during this test. A rebind is the only thing that can.
-	myControl, _, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me", "10.128.0.2/24", m{
-		"lighthouse": m{
-			"hosts":    []any{lhVpnIpNet[0].Addr().String()},
-			"interval": 600,
-		},
-		"static_host_map": m{
-			lhVpnIpNet[0].Addr().String(): []any{lhUdpAddr.String()},
-		},
-	})
-
-	r := router.NewR(t, lhControl, myControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	lhControl.Start()
-	myControl.Start()
-
-	// Let the startup registration finish, then clear everything it left behind
-	require.True(t, waitForLighthouseMsg(t, r, lhControl, time.Second*5), "expected an initial registration")
-	r.RouteFor(time.Millisecond * 400)
-
-	// Nothing should be talking to the lighthouse on its own now
-	require.False(t, waitForLighthouseMsg(t, r, lhControl, time.Millisecond*200),
-		"nothing should reach the lighthouse before the rebind")
-
-	myControl.RebindUDPServer()
-
-	assert.True(t, waitForLighthouseMsg(t, r, lhControl, time.Second*5),
-		"a rebind should push an update to the lighthouse rather than waiting out the interval")
-
-	lhControl.Stop()
-	myControl.Stop()
-}
-
-// The other half of a rebind: every live tunnel requeries the lighthouse on its next send. That query is what makes
-// the lighthouse tell the peer to punch toward our new address, which is the part that actually revives a tunnel
-// whose remote NAT state died while we were on a different network.
-func TestRebindRequeriesPeersOnNextSend(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-
-	lhControl, lhVpnIpNet, lhUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "lh", "10.128.0.1/24", m{
-		"lighthouse": m{"am_lighthouse": true},
-	})
-
-	lhCfg := m{
-		"lighthouse": m{
-			"hosts":    []any{lhVpnIpNet[0].Addr().String()},
-			"interval": 600,
-			// Without this the peers advertise this machine's real addresses and then try to punch at them,
-			// which the router has no route for.
-			"local_allow_list": m{
-				"10.0.0.0/24": true,
-				"::/0":        false,
-			},
-		},
-		"static_host_map": m{
-			lhVpnIpNet[0].Addr().String(): []any{lhUdpAddr.String()},
-		},
-	}
-
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me", "10.128.0.2/24", lhCfg)
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "them", "10.128.0.3/24", lhCfg)
-
-	r := router.NewR(t, lhControl, myControl, theirControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	lhControl.Start()
-	myControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-	r.RouteFor(time.Millisecond * 500)
-
-	// Point the peers at each other directly, this test is about the rebind and not about lighthouse discovery
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-	theirControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myUdpAddr)
-
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("initial")))
-	r.RouteFor(time.Second)
-	require.NotNil(t, myControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), false), "expected a tunnel to them")
-	r.RouteFor(time.Millisecond * 300)
-
-	// Assert on what the peer sees rather than on lighthouse traffic. A query for them makes the lighthouse send
-	// them a punch notification, which is the whole point. Our own update to the lighthouse sends them nothing,
-	// so this cannot be satisfied by the update the rebind itself pushes.
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("quiet")))
-	require.False(t, waitForLighthouseMsg(t, r, theirControl, time.Millisecond*300),
-		"an ordinary send should not requery the lighthouse")
-
-	myControl.RebindUDPServer()
-	r.RouteFor(time.Millisecond * 300) // let the update the rebind itself sends pass by
-
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("after rebind")))
-	assert.True(t, waitForLighthouseMsg(t, r, theirControl, time.Second*5),
-		"the first send after a rebind should requery the lighthouse, which then tells the peer to punch at us")
-
-	lhControl.Stop()
-	myControl.Stop()
-	theirControl.Stop()
-}
-
-// The scenario this whole thing exists for: a laptop sleeps at the office and wakes up at home on a new address.
-// Until it tells the lighthouse, the lighthouse keeps handing peers the office address, so their punches land
-// nowhere and the tunnel stays dead. On a long interval the rebind is the only thing that closes that window.
-func TestRebindAdvertisesNewAddressAfterMove(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-
-	lhControl, lhVpnIpNet, lhUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "lh", "10.128.0.1/24", m{
-		"lighthouse": m{"am_lighthouse": true},
-	})
-
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me", "10.128.0.2/24", m{
-		"lighthouse": m{
-			"hosts":    []any{lhVpnIpNet[0].Addr().String()},
-			"interval": 600,
-		},
-		"static_host_map": m{
-			lhVpnIpNet[0].Addr().String(): []any{lhUdpAddr.String()},
-		},
-	})
-
-	// Advertise wherever we currently are rather than this machine's real NICs, read fresh each time so a move
-	// is picked up.
-	myControl.SetLocalAddrsFn(func(*nebula.LocalAllowList) []netip.Addr {
-		return []netip.Addr{myControl.GetUDPAddr().Addr()}
-	})
-
-	r := router.NewR(t, lhControl, myControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	lhControl.Start()
-	myControl.Start()
-
-	require.True(t, waitForLighthouseMsg(t, r, lhControl, time.Second*5), "expected an initial registration")
-	r.RouteFor(time.Millisecond * 400)
-
-	require.Contains(t, reportedAddrs(t, lhControl, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr()), myUdpAddr,
-		"the lighthouse should know the address we started on")
-
-	// Wake up somewhere else
-	newAddr := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.99:4242")
-	myControl.SetUDPAddr(newAddr)
-	r.AddRoute(newAddr.Addr(), newAddr.Port(), myControl)
-
-	// Nothing has told the lighthouse, and with interval 600 nothing scheduled will
-	r.RouteFor(time.Millisecond * 400)
-	require.NotContains(t, reportedAddrs(t, lhControl, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr()), newAddr,
-		"the lighthouse should still be handing out the old address before the rebind")
-
-	myControl.RebindUDPServer()
-	require.True(t, waitForLighthouseMsg(t, r, lhControl, time.Second*5), "expected an update after the rebind")
-	r.RouteFor(time.Millisecond * 400)
-
-	assert.Contains(t, reportedAddrs(t, lhControl, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr()), newAddr,
-		"after the rebind the lighthouse should hand peers our new address")
-
-	lhControl.Stop()
-	myControl.Stop()
-}

e2e/router/router.go

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"regexp"
 	"sort"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -25,19 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 )
 
-// outNatKey is the (from, to) pair used by outNat. Comparable struct, so it works as a map key without the
-// allocation cost of a string-concat key.
-type outNatKey struct {
-	from, to netip.AddrPort
-}
-
-// fannedPacket pairs a UDP TX packet with its source control so the router can route it after popping from
-// the fan-in channel.
-type fannedPacket struct {
-	from *nebula.Control
-	pkt  *udp.Packet
-}
-
 type R struct {
 	// Simple map of the ip:port registered on a control to the control
 	// Basically a router, right?
@@ -48,28 +34,12 @@ type R struct {
 
 	// A last used map, if an inbound packet hit the inNat map then
 	// all return packets should use the same last used inbound address for the outbound sender
-	outNat map[outNatKey]netip.AddrPort
+	// map[from address + ":" + to address] => ip:port to rewrite in the udp packet to receiver
+	outNat map[string]netip.AddrPort
 
 	// A map of vpn ip to the nebula control it belongs to
 	vpnControls map[netip.Addr]*nebula.Control
 
-	// Cached select infrastructure for RouteForAllUntilTxTun.
-	// The controls map is immutable after NewR so the cases are good for the test lifetime.
-	// We only rebuild if a different receiver is asked.
-	selRecvCtl *nebula.Control
-	selCases   []reflect.SelectCase
-	selCtls    []*nebula.Control
-
-	// Optional fan-in mode for hot-path benchmarks: one forwarder goroutine per control drains UDP TX into udpFanIn,
-	// so RouteForAllUntilTxTun can do a fixed 2-way native select instead of paying reflect.Select per call.
-	// Off by default (would otherwise interleave with tests that use GetFromUDP directly on the same control).
-	// Enabled by EnableFanIn.
-	udpFanIn  chan fannedPacket
-	stopFanIn chan struct{}
-	fanInWG   sync.WaitGroup
-	fanInMu   sync.Mutex
-	fanInOn   atomic.Bool
-
 	ignoreFlows []ignoreFlow
 	flow        []flowEntry
 
@@ -114,28 +84,6 @@ type packet struct {
 	packet *udp.Packet
 	tun    bool // a packet pulled off a tun device
 	rx     bool // the packet was received by a udp device
-
-	// h is the nebula header, parsed once when the packet is recorded. parseErr says why there isn't one, which
-	// the flow log reports rather than hiding. Punchy sends a single byte, so an unparseable packet is normal.
-	h        header.H
-	parseErr error
-}
-
-// fromAddr and toAddr are the addresses this packet actually travelled between. Reading them off the control
-// instead would misreport the whole history once a test moves a node. Tun packets are synthesized without
-// addresses, so they fall back to the control.
-func (p *packet) fromAddr() netip.AddrPort {
-	if p.tun || !p.packet.From.IsValid() {
-		return p.from.GetUDPAddr()
-	}
-	return p.packet.From
-}
-
-func (p *packet) toAddr() netip.AddrPort {
-	if p.tun || !p.packet.To.IsValid() {
-		return p.to.GetUDPAddr()
-	}
-	return p.packet.To
 }
 
 func (p *packet) WasReceived() {
@@ -171,7 +119,7 @@ func NewR(t testing.TB, controls ...*nebula.Control) *R {
 		controls:     make(map[netip.AddrPort]*nebula.Control),
 		vpnControls:  make(map[netip.Addr]*nebula.Control),
 		inNat:        make(map[netip.AddrPort]*nebula.Control),
-		outNat:       make(map[outNatKey]netip.AddrPort),
+		outNat:       make(map[string]netip.AddrPort),
 		flow:         []flowEntry{},
 		ignoreFlows:  []ignoreFlow{},
 		fn:           filepath.Join("mermaid", fmt.Sprintf("%s.md", t.Name())),
@@ -205,10 +153,8 @@ func NewR(t testing.TB, controls ...*nebula.Control) *R {
 			case <-ctx.Done():
 				return
 			case <-clockSource.C:
-				r.Lock()
 				r.renderHostmaps("clock tick")
 				r.renderFlow()
-				r.Unlock()
 			}
 		}
 	}()
@@ -234,21 +180,15 @@ func (r *R) AddRoute(ip netip.Addr, port uint16, c *nebula.Control) {
 // RenderFlow renders the packet flow seen up until now and stops further automatic renders from happening.
 func (r *R) RenderFlow() {
 	r.cancelRender()
-	r.Lock()
-	defer r.Unlock()
 	r.renderFlow()
 }
 
 // CancelFlowLogs stops flow logs from being tracked and destroys any logs already collected
 func (r *R) CancelFlowLogs() {
 	r.cancelRender()
-	r.Lock()
 	r.flow = nil
-	r.Unlock()
 }
 
-// renderFlow writes the flow log to disk. Caller must hold r.Lock. renderFlow reads r.flow / r.additionalGraphs and
-// the *packet pointers stashed inside, all of which are mutated under the same lock by routing paths.
 func (r *R) renderFlow() {
 	if r.flow == nil {
 		return
@@ -271,7 +211,7 @@ func (r *R) renderFlow() {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		addr := e.packet.fromAddr()
+		addr := e.packet.from.GetUDPAddr()
 		if _, ok := participants[addr]; ok {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -290,6 +230,7 @@ func (r *R) renderFlow() {
 	}
 
 	// Print packets
+	h := &header.H{}
 	for _, e := range r.flow {
 		if e.packet == nil {
 			//fmt.Fprintf(f, "    note over %s: %s\n", strings.Join(participantsVals, ", "), e.note)
@@ -301,22 +242,21 @@ func (r *R) renderFlow() {
 			fmt.Fprintln(f, r.formatUdpPacket(p))
 
 		} else {
+			if err := h.Parse(p.packet.Data); err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+
 			line := "--x"
 			if p.rx {
 				line = "->>"
 			}
 
-			detail := fmt.Sprintf("%s(%s), index %v, counter: %v",
-				p.h.TypeName(), p.h.SubTypeName(), p.h.RemoteIndex, p.h.MessageCounter)
-			if p.parseErr != nil {
-				detail = fmt.Sprintf("unparsed, %v (%d bytes)", p.parseErr, len(p.packet.Data))
-			}
-
-			fmt.Fprintf(f, "    %s%s%s: %s\n",
-				normalizeName(p.fromAddr().String()),
+			fmt.Fprintf(f,
+				"    %s%s%s: %s(%s), index %v, counter: %v\n",
+				normalizeName(p.from.GetUDPAddr().String()),
 				line,
-				normalizeName(p.toAddr().String()),
-				detail,
+				normalizeName(p.to.GetUDPAddr().String()),
+				h.TypeName(), h.SubTypeName(), h.RemoteIndex, h.MessageCounter,
 			)
 		}
 	}
@@ -430,34 +370,29 @@ func (r *R) unlockedInjectFlow(from, to *nebula.Control, p *udp.Packet, tun bool
 
 	r.renderHostmaps(fmt.Sprintf("Packet %v", len(r.flow)))
 
+	if len(r.ignoreFlows) > 0 {
 		var h header.H
-	var parseErr error
-	if !tun {
-		parseErr = h.Parse(p.Data)
+		err := h.Parse(p.Data)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
 		}
 
-	// Decide before copying, the copy comes from a freelist and an ignored packet would never be released
 		for _, i := range r.ignoreFlows {
-		if tun {
-			if i.tun.HasValue && i.tun.IsTrue {
+			if !tun {
+				if i.messageType == h.Type && i.subType == h.Subtype {
 					return nil
 				}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// A packet we could not parse has no type to match against, so no rule can ignore it
-		if parseErr == nil && i.messageType == h.Type && i.subType == h.Subtype {
+			} else if i.tun.HasValue && i.tun.IsTrue {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
+	}
 
 	fp := &packet{
 		from:   from,
 		to:     to,
 		packet: p.Copy(),
 		tun:    tun,
-		h:        h,
-		parseErr: parseErr,
 	}
 
 	r.flow = append(r.flow, flowEntry{packet: fp})
@@ -499,157 +434,68 @@ func (r *R) RouteUntilTxTun(sender *nebula.Control, receiver *nebula.Control) []
 				panic("No control for udp tx " + a.String())
 			}
 			fp := r.unlockedInjectFlow(sender, c, p, false)
-			c.InjectUDPPacket(p) // copies internally; original is ours to release
+			c.InjectUDPPacket(p)
 			fp.WasReceived()
 			r.Unlock()
-			p.Release()
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// RouteForAllUntilTxTun will route for everyone and return when a packet is seen on the receiver's tun.
-// If a control's UDP TX address can't be matched to a registered control, we panic.
-//
-// For allocation-sensitive callers (hot-path benchmarks, in particular relay
-// benches with 3+ controls), call EnableFanIn() first.
+// RouteForAllUntilTxTun will route for everyone and return when a packet is seen on receivers tun
+// If the router doesn't have the nebula controller for that address, we panic
 func (r *R) RouteForAllUntilTxTun(receiver *nebula.Control) []byte {
-	if r.fanInOn.Load() {
-		return r.routeFanIn(receiver)
-	}
-	return r.routeReflect(receiver)
-}
-
-// routeFanIn is the alloc-free path used when EnableFanIn is in effect.
-func (r *R) routeFanIn(receiver *nebula.Control) []byte {
-	tunTx := receiver.GetTunTxChan()
-	for {
-		select {
-		case p := <-tunTx:
-			r.Lock()
-			if r.flow != nil {
-				np := udp.Packet{Data: make([]byte, len(p))}
-				copy(np.Data, p)
-				r.unlockedInjectFlow(receiver, receiver, &np, true)
-			}
-			r.Unlock()
-			return p
-		case fp := <-r.udpFanIn:
-			r.routeUDP(fp.from, fp.pkt)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// routeReflect is the default reflect.Select-based path. Pays the boxing allocation per call but doesn't interfere
-// with tests that pull packets directly from controls' UDP TX channels via GetFromUDP.
-func (r *R) routeReflect(receiver *nebula.Control) []byte {
-	sc, cm := r.selectCasesFor(receiver)
-	for {
-		x, rx, _ := reflect.Select(sc)
-		if x == 0 {
-			p := rx.Interface().([]byte)
-			r.Lock()
-			if r.flow != nil {
-				np := udp.Packet{Data: make([]byte, len(p))}
-				copy(np.Data, p)
-				r.unlockedInjectFlow(cm[x], cm[x], &np, true)
-			}
-			r.Unlock()
-			return p
-		}
-		r.routeUDP(cm[x], rx.Interface().(*udp.Packet))
-	}
-}
-
-// EnableFanIn switches RouteForAllUntilTxTun to the alloc-free fan-in path.
-// One forwarder goroutine per registered control drains UDP TX into a shared channel that RouteForAllUntilTxTun selects
-// on alongside the receiver's TUN TX channel.
-func (r *R) EnableFanIn() {
-	r.fanInMu.Lock()
-	defer r.fanInMu.Unlock()
-	if r.fanInOn.Load() {
-		return
-	}
-	r.udpFanIn = make(chan fannedPacket, 32)
-	r.stopFanIn = make(chan struct{})
-	for _, c := range r.controls {
-		r.startFanInWorker(c)
-	}
-	r.fanInOn.Store(true)
-	r.t.Cleanup(r.stopFanInWorkers)
-}
-
-// startFanInWorker spawns a goroutine that drains c's UDP TX into r.udpFanIn.
-func (r *R) startFanInWorker(c *nebula.Control) {
-	r.fanInWG.Add(1)
-	udpTx := c.GetUDPTxChan()
-	go func() {
-		defer r.fanInWG.Done()
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-r.stopFanIn:
-				return
-			case p := <-udpTx:
-				select {
-				case <-r.stopFanIn:
-					p.Release()
-					return
-				case r.udpFanIn <- fannedPacket{from: c, pkt: p}:
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-// stopFanInWorkers signals the fan-in goroutines to exit and waits for them.
-func (r *R) stopFanInWorkers() {
-	r.fanInMu.Lock()
-	wasOn := r.fanInOn.Swap(false)
-	r.fanInMu.Unlock()
-	if !wasOn {
-		return
-	}
-	close(r.stopFanIn)
-	r.fanInWG.Wait()
-}
-
-// routeUDP forwards a UDP TX packet from the named source control to the destination control derived from p.To,
-// releasing the source packet after InjectUDPPacket has copied its bytes into a fresh pool slot.
-func (r *R) routeUDP(from *nebula.Control, p *udp.Packet) {
-	r.Lock()
-	defer r.Unlock()
-	a := from.GetUDPAddr()
-	c := r.getControl(a, p.To, p)
-	if c == nil {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("No control for udp tx %s", p.To))
-	}
-	fp := r.unlockedInjectFlow(from, c, p, false)
-	c.InjectUDPPacket(p) // copies internally; original is ours to release
-	fp.WasReceived()
-	p.Release()
-}
-
-// selectCasesFor returns the SelectCase array used by routeReflect: one slot for the receiver's TUN TX channel followed
-// by one per control's UDP TX channel. Cached for the test lifetime, only rebuilt if the receiver changes.
-func (r *R) selectCasesFor(receiver *nebula.Control) ([]reflect.SelectCase, []*nebula.Control) {
-	r.Lock()
-	defer r.Unlock()
-	if r.selRecvCtl == receiver && r.selCases != nil {
-		return r.selCases, r.selCtls
-	}
 	sc := make([]reflect.SelectCase, len(r.controls)+1)
 	cm := make([]*nebula.Control, len(r.controls)+1)
-	sc[0] = reflect.SelectCase{Dir: reflect.SelectRecv, Chan: reflect.ValueOf(receiver.GetTunTxChan())}
-	cm[0] = receiver
-	i := 1
+
+	i := 0
+	sc[i] = reflect.SelectCase{
+		Dir:  reflect.SelectRecv,
+		Chan: reflect.ValueOf(receiver.GetTunTxChan()),
+		Send: reflect.Value{},
+	}
+	cm[i] = receiver
+
+	i++
 	for _, c := range r.controls {
-		sc[i] = reflect.SelectCase{Dir: reflect.SelectRecv, Chan: reflect.ValueOf(c.GetUDPTxChan())}
+		sc[i] = reflect.SelectCase{
+			Dir:  reflect.SelectRecv,
+			Chan: reflect.ValueOf(c.GetUDPTxChan()),
+			Send: reflect.Value{},
+		}
+
 		cm[i] = c
 		i++
 	}
-	r.selRecvCtl = receiver
-	r.selCases = sc
-	r.selCtls = cm
-	return sc, cm
+
+	for {
+		x, rx, _ := reflect.Select(sc)
+		r.Lock()
+
+		if x == 0 {
+			// we are the tun tx, we can exit
+			p := rx.Interface().([]byte)
+			np := udp.Packet{Data: make([]byte, len(p))}
+			copy(np.Data, p)
+
+			r.unlockedInjectFlow(cm[x], cm[x], &np, true)
+			r.Unlock()
+			return p
+
+		} else {
+			// we are a udp tx, route and continue
+			p := rx.Interface().(*udp.Packet)
+			a := cm[x].GetUDPAddr()
+			c := r.getControl(a, p.To, p)
+			if c == nil {
+				r.Unlock()
+				panic(fmt.Sprintf("No control for udp tx %s", p.To))
+			}
+			fp := r.unlockedInjectFlow(cm[x], c, p, false)
+			c.InjectUDPPacket(p)
+			fp.WasReceived()
+		}
+		r.Unlock()
+	}
 }
 
 // RouteExitFunc will call the whatDo func with each udp packet from sender.
@@ -676,7 +522,6 @@ func (r *R) RouteExitFunc(sender *nebula.Control, whatDo ExitFunc) {
 		switch e {
 		case ExitNow:
 			r.Unlock()
-			p.Release()
 			return
 
 		case RouteAndExit:
@@ -684,7 +529,6 @@ func (r *R) RouteExitFunc(sender *nebula.Control, whatDo ExitFunc) {
 			receiver.InjectUDPPacket(p)
 			fp.WasReceived()
 			r.Unlock()
-			p.Release()
 			return
 
 		case KeepRouting:
@@ -697,7 +541,6 @@ func (r *R) RouteExitFunc(sender *nebula.Control, whatDo ExitFunc) {
 		}
 
 		r.Unlock()
-		p.Release()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -717,81 +560,6 @@ func (r *R) RouteUntilAfterMsgType(sender *nebula.Control, msgType header.Messag
 	})
 }
 
-// RouteFor routes everything that shows up for the given duration and then returns. Use it to let a test settle
-// deterministically rather than sleeping and hoping: a single FlushAll races a completing handshake, which queues
-// more packets right behind it.
-func (r *R) RouteFor(d time.Duration) {
-	r.RouteForAllExitFuncOrTimeout(d, func(*udp.Packet, *nebula.Control) ExitType {
-		return KeepRouting
-	})
-}
-
-// RouteForAllExitFuncOrTimeout is RouteForAllExitFunc with a deadline, reporting whether whatDo asked to exit
-// before time ran out. The unbounded version blocks forever on a quiet network, so this is what a test needs to
-// assert that something does NOT happen, or to route for a fixed settling period.
-func (r *R) RouteForAllExitFuncOrTimeout(timeout time.Duration, whatDo ExitFunc) bool {
-	sc := make([]reflect.SelectCase, 0, len(r.controls)+1)
-	cm := make([]*nebula.Control, 0, len(r.controls))
-
-	for _, c := range r.controls {
-		sc = append(sc, reflect.SelectCase{
-			Dir:  reflect.SelectRecv,
-			Chan: reflect.ValueOf(c.GetUDPTxChan()),
-			Send: reflect.Value{},
-		})
-		cm = append(cm, c)
-	}
-
-	timer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
-	defer timer.Stop()
-	sc = append(sc, reflect.SelectCase{
-		Dir:  reflect.SelectRecv,
-		Chan: reflect.ValueOf(timer.C),
-		Send: reflect.Value{},
-	})
-
-	for {
-		x, rx, _ := reflect.Select(sc)
-		if x == len(cm) {
-			return false
-		}
-
-		r.Lock()
-		p := rx.Interface().(*udp.Packet)
-		receiver := r.getControl(cm[x].GetUDPAddr(), p.To, p)
-		if receiver == nil {
-			r.Unlock()
-			panic("Can't RouteForAllExitFuncOrTimeout for host: " + p.To.String())
-		}
-
-		e := whatDo(p, receiver)
-		switch e {
-		case ExitNow:
-			r.Unlock()
-			p.Release()
-			return true
-
-		case RouteAndExit:
-			fp := r.unlockedInjectFlow(cm[x], receiver, p, false)
-			receiver.InjectUDPPacket(p)
-			fp.WasReceived()
-			r.Unlock()
-			p.Release()
-			return true
-
-		case KeepRouting:
-			fp := r.unlockedInjectFlow(cm[x], receiver, p, false)
-			receiver.InjectUDPPacket(p)
-			fp.WasReceived()
-
-		default:
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown exitFunc return: %v", e))
-		}
-		r.Unlock()
-		p.Release()
-	}
-}
-
 func (r *R) RouteForAllUntilAfterMsgTypeTo(receiver *nebula.Control, msgType header.MessageType, subType header.MessageSubType) {
 	h := &header.H{}
 	r.RouteForAllExitFunc(func(p *udp.Packet, r *nebula.Control) ExitType {
@@ -873,7 +641,6 @@ func (r *R) RouteForAllExitFunc(whatDo ExitFunc) {
 		switch e {
 		case ExitNow:
 			r.Unlock()
-			p.Release()
 			return
 
 		case RouteAndExit:
@@ -881,7 +648,6 @@ func (r *R) RouteForAllExitFunc(whatDo ExitFunc) {
 			receiver.InjectUDPPacket(p)
 			fp.WasReceived()
 			r.Unlock()
-			p.Release()
 			return
 
 		case KeepRouting:
@@ -893,7 +659,6 @@ func (r *R) RouteForAllExitFunc(whatDo ExitFunc) {
 			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown exitFunc return: %v", e))
 		}
 		r.Unlock()
-		p.Release()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -937,20 +702,19 @@ func (r *R) FlushAll() {
 		}
 		receiver.InjectUDPPacket(p)
 		r.Unlock()
-		p.Release()
 	}
 }
 
 // getControl performs or seeds NAT translation and returns the control for toAddr, p from fields may change
 // This is an internal router function, the caller must hold the lock
 func (r *R) getControl(fromAddr, toAddr netip.AddrPort, p *udp.Packet) *nebula.Control {
-	if newAddr, ok := r.outNat[outNatKey{from: fromAddr, to: toAddr}]; ok {
+	if newAddr, ok := r.outNat[fromAddr.String()+":"+toAddr.String()]; ok {
 		p.From = newAddr
 	}
 
 	c, ok := r.inNat[toAddr]
 	if ok {
-		r.outNat[outNatKey{from: c.GetUDPAddr(), to: fromAddr}] = toAddr
+		r.outNat[c.GetUDPAddr().String()+":"+fromAddr.String()] = toAddr
 		return c
 	}
 

e2e/sshd_test.go

@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-//go:build e2e_testing
-// +build e2e_testing
-
-package e2e
-
-import (
-	"crypto/ed25519"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"encoding/pem"
-	"net"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
-)
-
-func TestSSHDLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
-	// TestSSHDLifecycle exercises the in-process sshd through several config reloads and a Control.Stop.
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519,
-		time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute),
-		nil, nil, []string{},
-	)
-
-	hostKeyPEM := generateSSHHostKey(t)
-	clientSigner, clientAuthKey := generateSSHClientKey(t)
-	sshdAddr := allocLoopbackPort(t)
-
-	overrides := m{
-		"sshd": m{
-			"enabled":  true,
-			"listen":   sshdAddr,
-			"host_key": hostKeyPEM,
-			"authorized_users": []m{{
-				"user": "tester",
-				"keys": []string{clientAuthKey},
-			}},
-		},
-	}
-	control, _, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "sshd-test", "10.222.0.1/24", overrides)
-	control.Start()
-	t.Cleanup(func() { control.Stop() })
-
-	// sshd binds in a goroutine after Start returns; wait for it.
-	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return canDial(sshdAddr) }, 2*time.Second, 25*time.Millisecond,
-		"sshd never started listening")
-
-	for i := 1; i <= 3; i++ {
-		out := sshExecReload(t, sshdAddr, clientSigner)
-		assert.Contains(t, out, "Reloading config", "reload cycle %d", i)
-		require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return canDial(sshdAddr) }, 2*time.Second, 25*time.Millisecond,
-			"sshd not listening after reload cycle %d", i)
-	}
-
-	control.Stop()
-	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return !canDial(sshdAddr) }, 2*time.Second, 25*time.Millisecond,
-		"sshd still listening after Control.Stop")
-}
-
-func canDial(addr string) bool {
-	c, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", addr, 100*time.Millisecond)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	_ = c.Close()
-	return true
-}
-
-// allocLoopbackPort grabs an unused TCP port on 127.0.0.1, closes it, and returns the address. There
-// is a small race between releasing the port and the sshd reclaiming it; in practice the OS keeps the
-// port available long enough for the test to bind it.
-func allocLoopbackPort(t *testing.T) string {
-	t.Helper()
-	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	addr := l.Addr().String()
-	require.NoError(t, l.Close())
-	return addr
-}
-
-func generateSSHHostKey(t *testing.T) string {
-	t.Helper()
-	_, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	block, err := ssh.MarshalPrivateKey(priv, "nebula-e2e-host")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	return string(pem.EncodeToMemory(block))
-}
-
-func generateSSHClientKey(t *testing.T) (ssh.Signer, string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	_, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	signer, err := ssh.NewSignerFromKey(priv)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	auth := strings.TrimSpace(string(ssh.MarshalAuthorizedKey(signer.PublicKey())))
-	return signer, auth
-}
-
-func sshExecReload(t *testing.T, addr string, signer ssh.Signer) string {
-	t.Helper()
-	cfg := &ssh.ClientConfig{
-		User:            "tester",
-		Auth:            []ssh.AuthMethod{ssh.PublicKeys(signer)},
-		HostKeyCallback: ssh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
-		Timeout:         2 * time.Second,
-	}
-	client, err := ssh.Dial("tcp", addr, cfg)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	sess, err := client.NewSession()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer sess.Close()
-
-	// reload tears the channel down before sending exit-status, so Output returns an error on the
-	// channel close. The output buffer still has whatever the reload callback wrote before that.
-	out, _ := sess.Output("reload")
-	return string(out)
-}

e2e/tunnels_test.go

@@ -15,12 +15,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 func TestDropInactiveTunnels(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// The goal of this test is to ensure the shortest inactivity timeout will close the tunnel on both sides
 	// under ideal conditions
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
@@ -43,8 +41,8 @@ func TestDropInactiveTunnels(t *testing.T) {
 	r.Log("Go inactive and wait for the tunnels to get dropped")
 	waitStart := time.Now()
 	for {
-		myIndexes := myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
-		theirIndexes := theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
+		myIndexes := len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
+		theirIndexes := len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
 		if myIndexes == 0 && theirIndexes == 0 {
 			break
 		}
@@ -65,7 +63,6 @@ func TestDropInactiveTunnels(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCertUpgrade(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// The goal of this test is to ensure the shortest inactivity timeout will close the tunnel on both sides
 	// under ideal conditions
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
@@ -160,7 +157,6 @@ func TestCertUpgrade(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCertDowngrade(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// The goal of this test is to ensure the shortest inactivity timeout will close the tunnel on both sides
 	// under ideal conditions
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
@@ -259,7 +255,6 @@ func TestCertDowngrade(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCertMismatchCorrection(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	// The goal of this test is to ensure the shortest inactivity timeout will close the tunnel on both sides
 	// under ideal conditions
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
@@ -327,7 +322,6 @@ func TestCertMismatchCorrection(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestCrossStackRelaysWork(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24,fc00::1/64", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
 	relayControl, relayVpnIpNet, relayUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "relay  ", "10.128.0.128/24,fc00::128/64", m{"relay": m{"am_relay": true}})
@@ -356,14 +350,14 @@ func TestCrossStackRelaysWork(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Start()
 
 	t.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them via the relay")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
+	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
 
 	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
 	r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
 	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me"), p, myVpnV6.Addr(), theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, 80)
 
 	t.Log("reply?")
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them")))
+	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them"))
 	p = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(myControl)
 	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from them"), p, theirVpnV6.Addr(), myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, 80)
 
@@ -374,102 +368,7 @@ func TestCrossStackRelaysWork(t *testing.T) {
 	//relayControl.Stop()
 }
 
-// TestRelayReplayProtection asserts that a relay (forwarding-type) node rejects
-// replayed relay frames. A captured relay frame, re-injected with the same
-// message counter, must be dropped by the replay window rather than re-forwarded
-// to the relay target. Before the fix, handleOutsideRelayPacket authenticated the
-// frame but never advanced the replay window, so every replay was re-forwarded.
-func TestRelayReplayProtection(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24,fc00::1/64", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
-	relayControl, relayVpnIpNet, relayUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "relay  ", "10.128.0.128/24,fc00::128/64", m{"relay": m{"am_relay": true}})
-	theirUdp := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.2:4242")
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServerWithUdp(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "them   ", "fc00::2/64", theirUdp, m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
-
-	myVpnV6 := myVpnIpNet[1]
-	relayVpnV4 := relayVpnIpNet[0]
-	relayVpnV6 := relayVpnIpNet[1]
-	theirVpnV6 := theirVpnIpNet[0]
-
-	// Teach me how to reach the relay and that them is reachable via the relay
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(relayVpnV4.Addr(), relayUdpAddr)
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(relayVpnV6.Addr(), relayUdpAddr)
-	myControl.InjectRelays(theirVpnV6.Addr(), []netip.Addr{relayVpnV6.Addr()})
-	relayControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnV6.Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-
-	r := router.NewR(t, myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	myControl.Start()
-	relayControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	// Establish the relayed tunnel in both directions so all handshakes complete.
-	t.Log("Establish the relayed tunnel")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me")))
-	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
-	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me"), p, myVpnV6.Addr(), theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, 80)
-	theirControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them")))
-	p = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(myControl)
-	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from them"), p, theirVpnV6.Addr(), myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, 80)
-
-	// Drain anything still queued on me's UDP tx so the next packet we pull is the
-	// relay frame we are about to generate.
-	for myControl.GetFromUDP(false) != nil {
-	}
-
-	// Capture a single legitimate relay frame that me transmits toward the relay.
-	t.Log("Capture a relay frame from me -> relay")
-	myControl.InjectTunPacket(BuildTunUDPPacket(theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, []byte("replay me")))
-	relayFrame := myControl.GetFromUDP(true)
-	require.Equal(t, relayUdpAddr, relayFrame.To, "captured frame should be addressed to the relay")
-	var fh header.H
-	require.NoError(t, fh.Parse(relayFrame.Data))
-	require.Equal(t, header.Message, fh.Type)
-	require.Equal(t, header.MessageRelay, fh.Subtype)
-
-	// drainForwards counts relay frames the relay forwards toward them within the
-	// settle window. We match on destination + (Message, MessageRelay) so the
-	// relay's own direct traffic to them can't be miscounted.
-	drainForwards := func(settle time.Duration) int {
-		ch := relayControl.GetUDPTxChan()
-		count := 0
-		for {
-			select {
-			case pkt := <-ch:
-				var ph header.H
-				if pkt.To == theirUdpAddr && ph.Parse(pkt.Data) == nil &&
-					ph.Type == header.Message && ph.Subtype == header.MessageRelay {
-					count++
-				}
-				pkt.Release()
-			case <-time.After(settle):
-				return count
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// First delivery of the captured frame: the relay should forward it once.
-	t.Log("Deliver the captured frame once; relay forwards it to them")
-	relayControl.InjectUDPPacket(relayFrame)
-	require.Equal(t, 1, drainForwards(200*time.Millisecond), "relay should forward the first, legitimate copy")
-
-	// Replay the exact same frame several times. A correct replay window rejects
-	// these duplicates so the relay forwards none of them.
-	t.Log("Replay the captured frame; relay must drop the duplicates")
-	const replays = 3
-	for i := 0; i < replays; i++ {
-		relayControl.InjectUDPPacket(relayFrame)
-	}
-	forwarded := drainForwards(200 * time.Millisecond)
-	assert.Equal(t, 0, forwarded, "relay re-forwarded %d/%d replayed relay frames; replay protection is ineffective on relay tunnels", forwarded, replays)
-
-	r.RenderHostmaps("Final hostmaps", myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
-}
-
 func TestCloseTunnelAuthenticated(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me", "10.128.0.1/24", m{"tunnels": m{"drop_inactive": true, "inactivity_timeout": "5s"}})
 	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "them", "10.128.0.2/24", m{"tunnels": m{"drop_inactive": true, "inactivity_timeout": "10m"}})
@@ -493,8 +392,8 @@ func TestCloseTunnelAuthenticated(t *testing.T) {
 
 	waitStart := time.Now()
 	for {
-		myIndexes := myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
-		theirIndexes := theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
+		myIndexes := len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
+		theirIndexes := len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
 		if myIndexes == 0 && theirIndexes == 0 {
 			break
 		}
@@ -548,8 +447,8 @@ func TestCloseTunnelAuthenticated(t *testing.T) {
 	r.Log("Injected bogus close tunnel. Let's see!")
 	waitStart = time.Now()
 	for {
-		myIndexes := myControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
-		theirIndexes := theirControl.GetHostmapIndexCount()
+		myIndexes := len(myControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
+		theirIndexes := len(theirControl.GetHostmap().Indexes)
 		if myIndexes == 0 {
 			t.Fatal("myIndexes should not be 0")
 		}

examples/config.yml

@@ -138,22 +138,6 @@ listen:
   # max, net.core.rmem_max and net.core.wmem_max
   #read_buffer: 10485760
   #write_buffer: 10485760
-
-  # On Windows only
-  # When true, Nebula installs a WFP (Windows Filtering Platform) PERMIT filter scoped to UDP at the listener port.
-  # WFP sits below Windows Defender Firewall, so this lets peer handshakes reach Nebula's outside socket regardless
-  # of WDF's inbound rules.
-  # Default true; set to false to leave WDF in charge of inbound decisions on the listener port. Not reloadable.
-  #windows_bypass_wdf: true
-
-  # On macOS only
-  # macOS scopes the udp socket to the interface it was created on, so moving between networks (wifi to wired,
-  # office to home) leaves Nebula sending out an interface that no longer has a route. When true, Nebula watches
-  # the routing socket and rebinds the listener once the change settles.
-  # iOS does not use this, the host app drives the same rebind itself.
-  # Default true. Not reloadable.
-  #rebind_on_network_change: true
-
   # By default, Nebula replies to packets it has no tunnel for with a "recv_error" packet. This packet helps speed up reconnection
   # in the case that Nebula on either side did not shut down cleanly. This response can be abused as a way to discover if Nebula is running
   # on a host though. This option lets you configure if you want to send "recv_error" packets always, never, or only to private network remotes.
@@ -179,21 +163,17 @@ listen:
 
 punchy:
   # Continues to punch inbound/outbound at a regular interval to avoid expiration of firewall nat mappings
-  # This setting is reloadable.
   punch: true
 
   # respond means that a node you are trying to reach will connect back out to you if your hole punching fails
   # this is extremely useful if one node is behind a difficult nat, such as a symmetric NAT
   # Default is false
-  # This setting is reloadable.
   #respond: true
 
   # delays a punch response for misbehaving NATs, default is 1 second.
-  # This setting is reloadable.
   #delay: 1s
 
   # set the delay before attempting punchy.respond. Default is 5 seconds. respond must be true to take effect.
-  # This setting is reloadable.
   #respond_delay: 5s
 
 # Cipher allows you to choose between the available ciphers for your network. Options are chachapoly or aes
@@ -302,24 +282,6 @@ tun:
     #  metric: 100
     #  install: true
 
-  # On Windows only, sets the network category of the nebula interface. Without this, Windows often
-  # leaves the network as "Unidentified" and treats it as Public, which makes the host firewall more
-  # restrictive than you usually want for an overlay between trusted peers. Valid values:
-  #   private             - treat the nebula network as a private/trusted network (default)
-  #   public              - treat it as a public/untrusted network
-  #   domain              - treat it as a domain-authenticated network
-  #   unset               - leave whatever Windows decided alone
-  # Not reloadable.
-  #network_category: private
-
-  # On Windows only
-  # When true, Nebula installs a WFP (Windows Filtering Platform) PERMIT filter scoped to the nebula adapter LUID.
-  # WFP sits below Windows Defender Firewall, so this lets inbound traffic through regardless of WDF rules.
-  # Filters are auto-removed when the adapter goes away.
-  # See listen.windows_bypass_wdf for the matching control over inbound to nebula's outside UDP listener.
-  # Default true; set to false to leave WDF in charge of inbound decisions on the nebula interface. Not reloadable.
-  #windows_bypass_wdf: true
-
   # On linux only, set to true to manage unsafe routes directly on the system route table with gateway routes instead of
   # in nebula configuration files. Default false, not reloadable.
   #use_system_route_table: false
@@ -405,7 +367,7 @@ firewall:
   #   `drop` (default): silently drop the packet.
   #   `reject`: send a reject reply.
   #     - For TCP, this will be a RST "Connection Reset" packet.
-  #     - For other protocols, this will be an ICMP "Destination unreachable: Communication administratively prohibited" packet.
+  #     - For other protocols, this will be an ICMP port unreachable packet.
   outbound_action: drop
   inbound_action: drop
 

examples/service_scripts/nebula.service

@@ -8,15 +8,6 @@ Before=sshd.service
 Type=notify
 NotifyAccess=main
 SyslogIdentifier=nebula
-
-# Uncomment to run as an unprivileged user with only CAP_NET_ADMIN. Requires a
-# nebula user that owns the config directory. Add CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE to both
-# lines if any listener (lighthouse DNS, listen.port, stats, sshd) binds <1024.
-#User=nebula
-#Group=nebula
-#CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_ADMIN
-#AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_ADMIN
-
 ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
 ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/nebula -config /etc/nebula/config.yml
 Restart=always

firewall.go

@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ type Firewall struct {
 	InRules  *FirewallTable
 	OutRules *FirewallTable
 
-	InboundSendReject  bool
-	OutboundSendReject bool
+	InSendReject  bool
+	OutSendReject bool
 
 	//TODO: we should have many more options for TCP, an option for ICMP, and mimic the kernel a bit better
 	// https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.txt
@@ -59,8 +59,7 @@ type Firewall struct {
 
 	// assignedNetworks is a list of vpn networks assigned to us in the certificate.
 	assignedNetworks  []netip.Prefix
-	// unsafeNetworks is the list of unsafe networks issued to us in the certificate
-	unsafeNetworks []netip.Prefix
+	hasUnsafeNetworks bool
 
 	rules        string
 	rulesVersion uint16
@@ -159,9 +158,10 @@ func NewFirewall(l *slog.Logger, tcpTimeout, UDPTimeout, defaultTimeout time.Dur
 		assignedNetworks = append(assignedNetworks, network)
 	}
 
-	unsafeNetworks := c.UnsafeNetworks()
-	for _, n := range unsafeNetworks {
+	hasUnsafeNetworks := false
+	for _, n := range c.UnsafeNetworks() {
 		routableNetworks.Insert(n)
+		hasUnsafeNetworks = true
 	}
 
 	return &Firewall{
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ func NewFirewall(l *slog.Logger, tcpTimeout, UDPTimeout, defaultTimeout time.Dur
 		DefaultTimeout:    defaultTimeout,
 		routableNetworks:  routableNetworks,
 		assignedNetworks:  assignedNetworks,
-		unsafeNetworks:   unsafeNetworks,
+		hasUnsafeNetworks: hasUnsafeNetworks,
 		l:                 l,
 
 		incomingMetrics: firewallMetrics{
@@ -216,23 +216,23 @@ func NewFirewallFromConfig(l *slog.Logger, cs *CertState, c *config.C) (*Firewal
 	inboundAction := c.GetString("firewall.inbound_action", "drop")
 	switch inboundAction {
 	case "reject":
-		fw.InboundSendReject = true
+		fw.InSendReject = true
 	case "drop":
-		fw.InboundSendReject = false
+		fw.InSendReject = false
 	default:
 		l.Warn("invalid firewall.inbound_action, defaulting to `drop`", "action", inboundAction)
-		fw.InboundSendReject = false
+		fw.InSendReject = false
 	}
 
 	outboundAction := c.GetString("firewall.outbound_action", "drop")
 	switch outboundAction {
 	case "reject":
-		fw.OutboundSendReject = true
+		fw.OutSendReject = true
 	case "drop":
-		fw.OutboundSendReject = false
+		fw.OutSendReject = false
 	default:
 		l.Warn("invalid firewall.outbound_action, defaulting to `drop`", "action", outboundAction)
-		fw.OutboundSendReject = false
+		fw.OutSendReject = false
 	}
 
 	err := AddFirewallRulesFromConfig(l, false, c, fw)
@@ -423,6 +423,11 @@ var ErrNoMatchingRule = errors.New("no matching rule in firewall table")
 // Drop returns an error if the packet should be dropped, explaining why. It
 // returns nil if the packet should not be dropped.
 func (f *Firewall) Drop(fp firewall.Packet, incoming bool, h *HostInfo, caPool *cert.CAPool, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache) error {
+	// Check if we spoke to this tuple, if we did then allow this packet
+	if f.inConns(fp, h, caPool, localCache) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	// Make sure remote address matches nebula certificate, and determine how to treat it
 	if h.networks == nil {
 		// Simple case: Certificate has one address and no unsafe networks
@@ -456,11 +461,6 @@ func (f *Firewall) Drop(fp firewall.Packet, incoming bool, h *HostInfo, caPool *
 		return ErrInvalidLocalIP
 	}
 
-	// Check if we spoke to this tuple, if we did then allow this packet
-	if f.inConns(fp, h, caPool, localCache) {
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	table := f.OutRules
 	if incoming {
 		table = f.InRules
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ func (flc *firewallLocalCIDR) addRule(f *Firewall, localCidr string) error {
 	}
 
 	if localCidr == "" {
-		if len(f.unsafeNetworks) == 0 || f.defaultLocalCIDRAny {
+		if !f.hasUnsafeNetworks || f.defaultLocalCIDRAny {
 			flc.Any = true
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -1055,6 +1055,7 @@ func (r *rule) sanity() error {
 }
 
 func parsePort(s string) (int32, int32, error) {
+	var err error
 	const notAPort int32 = -2
 	if s == "any" {
 		return firewall.PortAny, firewall.PortAny, nil
@@ -1063,11 +1064,11 @@ func parsePort(s string) (int32, int32, error) {
 		return firewall.PortFragment, firewall.PortFragment, nil
 	}
 	if !strings.Contains(s, `-`) {
-		rPort, err := parsePortValue("", s)
+		rPort, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
 		if err != nil {
-			return notAPort, notAPort, err
+			return notAPort, notAPort, fmt.Errorf("was not a number; `%s`", s)
 		}
-		return rPort, rPort, nil
+		return int32(rPort), int32(rPort), nil
 	}
 
 	sPorts := strings.SplitN(s, `-`, 2)
@@ -1078,40 +1079,22 @@ func parsePort(s string) (int32, int32, error) {
 		return notAPort, notAPort, fmt.Errorf("appears to be a range but could not be parsed; `%s`", s)
 	}
 
-	startPort, err := parsePortValue("beginning range ", sPorts[0])
+	rStartPort, err := strconv.Atoi(sPorts[0])
 	if err != nil {
-		return notAPort, notAPort, err
+		return notAPort, notAPort, fmt.Errorf("beginning range was not a number; `%s`", sPorts[0])
 	}
 
-	endPort, err := parsePortValue("ending range ", sPorts[1])
+	rEndPort, err := strconv.Atoi(sPorts[1])
 	if err != nil {
-		return notAPort, notAPort, err
+		return notAPort, notAPort, fmt.Errorf("ending range was not a number; `%s`", sPorts[1])
 	}
 
+	startPort := int32(rStartPort)
+	endPort := int32(rEndPort)
+
 	if startPort == firewall.PortAny {
 		endPort = firewall.PortAny
 	}
 
 	return startPort, endPort, nil
 }
-
-// parsePortValue accepts a base-10 decimal in [0, 65535] and returns it
-// widened to int32. Using strconv.ParseUint with bitSize 16 rejects
-// negative input, out-of-range input (>65535), and any non-decimal byte
-// by construction, so the int32 widening that follows is provably safe
-// and cannot collide with firewall.PortAny (0) or firewall.PortFragment
-// (-1) via integer truncation.
-//
-// prefix is prepended to both error messages so callers can disambiguate
-// the single-port path (prefix="") from the range bounds (prefix="beginning
-// range " / "ending range "), preserving the historical error strings.
-func parsePortValue(prefix, s string) (int32, error) {
-	n, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 10, 16)
-	if err == nil {
-		return int32(n), nil
-	}
-	if errors.Is(err, strconv.ErrRange) {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%sout of range [0,65535]; `%s`", prefix, s)
-	}
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("%swas not a number; `%s`", prefix, s)
-}

firewall_test.go

@@ -916,159 +916,6 @@ func TestFirewall_DropIPSpoofing(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, fw.Drop(p, true, &h1, cp, nil), ErrInvalidRemoteIP)
 }
 
-func TestFirewall_ConntrackSourceSpoofingAcrossPeers(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLoggerWithOutput(&bytes.Buffer{})
-
-	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.1/24"))
-
-	owner := &dummyCert{
-		name:     "owner",
-		networks: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.1/24")},
-	}
-
-	victim := &cert.CachedCertificate{
-		Certificate: &dummyCert{
-			name:     "victim",
-			networks: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.2/24")},
-		},
-	}
-	victimHI := HostInfo{
-		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{peerCert: victim},
-		vpnAddrs:        []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.2")},
-	}
-	victimHI.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, victim.Certificate)
-
-	attacker := &cert.CachedCertificate{
-		Certificate: &dummyCert{
-			name:     "attacker",
-			networks: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.3/24")},
-		},
-	}
-	attackerHI := HostInfo{
-		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{peerCert: attacker},
-		vpnAddrs:        []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.3")},
-	}
-	attackerHI.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, attacker.Certificate)
-
-	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, owner)
-	// Allow any inbound traffic that passes the cert / source-IP checks.
-	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"any"}, "", "", "", "", ""))
-	cp := cert.NewCAPool()
-
-	flow := firewall.Packet{
-		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1"),
-		RemoteAddr: netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.2"),
-		LocalPort:  443,
-		RemotePort: 55000,
-		Protocol:   firewall.ProtoUDP,
-	}
-
-	require.NoError(t, fw.Drop(flow, true, &victimHI, cp, nil),
-		"victim's own traffic from its own overlay IP must be allowed")
-
-	unseen := flow
-	unseen.RemotePort = 55001
-	assert.Equal(t, ErrInvalidRemoteIP, fw.Drop(unseen, true, &attackerHI, cp, nil),
-		"sanity: attacker forging victim's source IP must be rejected when no conntrack entry exists")
-
-	got := fw.Drop(flow, true, &attackerHI, cp, nil)
-	t.Logf("attacker replaying victim's 4-tuple: Drop returned %v (nil == packet ALLOWED == spoof succeeded)", got)
-	assert.Equal(t, ErrInvalidRemoteIP, got,
-		"SECURITY: attacker spoofed victim's overlay source IP (192.0.2.2) by reusing an existing conntrack 4-tuple; Drop returned %v instead of rejecting", got)
-}
-
-// BenchmarkFirewallDropConntrackHit measures Drop on an already-established flow
-// (a conntrack hit). This is the fast path that the source-IP<->cert binding
-// reordering adds work to, so it quantifies the cost of moving the address checks
-// ahead of the conntrack lookup. Cases:
-//   - simple:  peer cert has one address, no unsafe networks (h.networks == nil),
-//     so the remote-address check is a single netip.Addr compare.
-//   - complex: peer cert has unsafe networks (h.networks populated), so the
-//     remote-address check is a BART lookup.
-//   - noCache/localCache: whether a per-batch ConntrackCache is supplied, which in
-//     the original code let the fast path skip straight past the address checks.
-func BenchmarkFirewallDropConntrackHit(b *testing.B) {
-	l := test.NewLoggerWithOutput(&bytes.Buffer{})
-
-	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.1/24"))
-
-	owner := &dummyCert{
-		name:     "owner",
-		networks: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.1/24")},
-	}
-
-	simpleCert := &cert.CachedCertificate{
-		Certificate: &dummyCert{
-			name:     "simple",
-			networks: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.2/24")},
-		},
-	}
-	simpleHost := &HostInfo{
-		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{peerCert: simpleCert},
-		vpnAddrs:        []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.2")},
-	}
-	simpleHost.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, simpleCert.Certificate)
-
-	complexCert := &cert.CachedCertificate{
-		Certificate: &dummyCert{
-			name:           "complex",
-			networks:       []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.2/24")},
-			unsafeNetworks: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("198.51.100.0/24")},
-		},
-	}
-	complexHost := &HostInfo{
-		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{peerCert: complexCert},
-		vpnAddrs:        []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.2")},
-	}
-	complexHost.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, complexCert.Certificate)
-
-	cp := cert.NewCAPool()
-
-	flow := firewall.Packet{
-		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1"),
-		RemoteAddr: netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.2"),
-		LocalPort:  443,
-		RemotePort: 55000,
-		Protocol:   firewall.ProtoUDP,
-	}
-
-	cases := []struct {
-		name     string
-		host     *HostInfo
-		useCache bool
-	}{
-		{"simple/noCache", simpleHost, false},
-		{"simple/localCache", simpleHost, true},
-		{"complex/noCache", complexHost, false},
-		{"complex/localCache", complexHost, true},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range cases {
-		b.Run(tc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
-			fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, owner)
-			require.NoError(b, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"any"}, "", "", "", "", ""))
-
-			// Establish the conntrack entry so every benchmarked Drop is a hit.
-			require.NoError(b, fw.Drop(flow, true, tc.host, cp, nil))
-
-			var cache firewall.ConntrackCache
-			if tc.useCache {
-				cache = firewall.ConntrackCache{}
-			}
-
-			b.ReportAllocs()
-			b.ResetTimer()
-			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				if err := fw.Drop(flow, true, tc.host, cp, cache); err != nil {
-					b.Fatal(err)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func BenchmarkLookup(b *testing.B) {
 	ml := func(m map[string]struct{}, a [][]string) {
 		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
@@ -1182,80 +1029,11 @@ func Test_parsePort(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
 
-// Test_parsePort_invalid covers inputs that must error. The named bug is
-// that int32(strconv.Atoi("4294967296")) truncates to 0 == firewall.PortAny,
-// silently turning a typo into a match-all-ports rule; the rest are
-// representative syntax/range probes.
-func Test_parsePort_invalid(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name            string
-		input           string
-		wantErrContains string
-	}{
-		// Numeric overflow (the named bug + boundary).
-		{"named bug: 2^32 truncates to PortAny", "4294967296", "out of range"},
-		{"just above max real port", "65536", "out of range"},
-
-		// Negatives route through the range branch and hit the empty-half
-		// guard; included as defense in depth so a future refactor cannot
-		// accidentally reach the int32 cast.
-		{"negative", "-1", "could not be parsed"},
-
-		// Syntax probes.
-		{"NUL between digits", "4\x002", "was not a number"},
-		{"hex notation", "0x10", "was not a number"},
-		{"scientific notation", "1e3", "was not a number"},
-		{"leading whitespace", " 42", "was not a number"},
-		{"fullwidth digits", "４２", "was not a number"},
-
-		// Range branch.
-		{"range upper out of range", "1-65536", "ending range out of range"},
-		{"range lower out of range", "65536-65537", "beginning range out of range"},
-		{"range with negative upper", "1--1", "ending range was not a number"},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			_, _, err := parsePort(tc.input)
-			require.Error(t, err, "input %q must error", tc.input)
-			require.ErrorContains(t, err, tc.wantErrContains)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// Test_parsePort_valid_boundaries locks in success cases at 0, 1, and 65535
-// so a future refactor cannot regress the boundaries.
-func Test_parsePort_valid_boundaries(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name      string
-		input     string
-		wantStart int32
-		wantEnd   int32
-	}{
-		{"zero is PortAny", "0", 0, 0},
-		{"min real port", "1", 1, 1},
-		{"max real port", "65535", 65535, 65535},
-		{"range zero to max forces end to zero", "0-65535", 0, 0},
-		{"range max to max", "65535-65535", 65535, 65535},
-		{"range one to max", "1-65535", 1, 65535},
-		{"range with whitespace inside", " 1 - 2    ", 1, 2},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			s, e, err := parsePort(tc.input)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantStart, s, "start port")
-			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantEnd, e, "end port")
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestNewFirewallFromConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	// Test a bad rule definition
 	c := &dummyCert{}
-	cs, err := newCertState(cert.Version2, nil, c, false, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, nil, "aes")
+	cs, err := newCertState(cert.Version2, nil, c, false, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	conf := config.NewC(test.NewLogger())

go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/slackhq/nebula
 
-go 1.26.0
+go 1.25.0
 
 require (
 	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/armon/go-radix v1.0.0
 	github.com/cyberdelia/go-metrics-graphite v0.0.0-20161219230853-39f87cc3b432
 	github.com/flynn/noise v1.1.0
-	github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.28.0
+	github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.26.0
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2
 	github.com/google/gopacket v1.1.19
-	github.com/kardianos/service v1.3.0
+	github.com/kardianos/service v1.2.4
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.72
 	github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.1.2
 	github.com/nbrownus/go-metrics-prometheus v0.0.0-20210712211119-974a6260965f
@@ -22,17 +22,16 @@ require (
 	github.com/stefanberger/go-pkcs11uri v0.0.0-20230803200340-78284954bff6
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
-	go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.50.0
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230725093048-515e97ebf090
-	golang.org/x/net v0.57.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.45.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.52.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.43.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.42.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230325221338-052af4a8072b
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v1.0.1
+	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.6.1
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20240423190808-9d7a357edefe
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.16.1 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.36.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.34.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.45.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.43.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/flynn/noise v1.1.0 h1:KjPQoQCEFdZDiP03phOvGi11+SVVhBG2wOWAorLsstg=
 github.com/flynn/noise v1.1.0/go.mod h1:xbMo+0i6+IGbYdJhF31t2eR1BIU0CYc12+BNAKwUTag=
-github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.28.0 h1:89yZLo8NmyqD0RYgJ3QO9HhqqGGw+oWhf90cZm69Lko=
-github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.28.0/go.mod h1:GREWQfTLRWz/c5FTOsIw+KkscuFkIV5t8Rp7Nd1Td5c=
+github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.26.0 h1:xOZ57E9hJLBiQaSyeZa9wgWhGuzfGACgqp4BE77OkO0=
+github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.26.0/go.mod h1:GREWQfTLRWz/c5FTOsIw+KkscuFkIV5t8Rp7Nd1Td5c=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.9.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
 github.com/go-kit/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:zbhenjAZHb184qTLMA9ZjW7ThYL0H2mk7Q6pNt4vbaY=
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.10/go.mod h1:KdQUCv79m/52Kvf8AW2vK1V8akMuk1QjK/
 github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.11/go.mod h1:KdQUCv79m/52Kvf8AW2vK1V8akMuk1QjK/uOdHXbAo4=
 github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0/go.mod h1:SYymIcj16QtmaHHD7aYtjjsJG7VTCxuUUipMqKk8s4w=
 github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.3.0/go.mod h1:JR6WtHb+2LUe8TCKY3cZOxFyyO8IZAc4RVcycCCAKdM=
-github.com/kardianos/service v1.3.0 h1:/LGy+xPP2TM+GLTiCZ2di7cy0Jd/qrawlTUfqKYFdTI=
-github.com/kardianos/service v1.3.0/go.mod h1:E4V9ufUuY82F7Ztlu1eN9VXWIQxg8NoLQlmFe0MtrXc=
+github.com/kardianos/service v1.2.4 h1:XNlGtZOYNx2u91urOdg/Kfmc+gfmuIo1Dd3rEi2OgBk=
+github.com/kardianos/service v1.2.4/go.mod h1:E4V9ufUuY82F7Ztlu1eN9VXWIQxg8NoLQlmFe0MtrXc=
 github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.5.0/go.mod h1:pFxgyoBC7bSaBwPgfKdkLd5X25qrDl4LWUI2bnpBCr8=
 github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+oQHNcck=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 h1:c/Cqfb0r+Yi+JtIEq73FWXVkRonBlf0CRNYc8Zttxdo=
@@ -162,16 +162,16 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACk
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210322153248-0c34fe9e7dc2/go.mod h1:T9bdIzuCu7OtxOm1hfPfRQxPLYneinmdGuTeoZ9dtd4=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0 h1:YLIA59K4fiNzHzjnZt2tUJQjQtUWfWbeHBqKtk3eScw=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0/go.mod h1:KWL8ny2AZdGR2cWmzeHrp2azQPGogOv+HeQaVEXC2dk=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.50.0 h1:zO47/JPrL6vsNkINmLoo/PH1gcxpls50DNogFvB5ZGI=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.50.0/go.mod h1:3muZ7vA7PBCE6xgPX7nkzzjiUq87kRItoJQM1Yo8S+Q=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230725093048-515e97ebf090 h1:Di6/M8l0O2lCLc6VVRWhgCiApHV8MnQurBnFSHsQtNY=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230725093048-515e97ebf090/go.mod h1:FXUEEKJgO7OQYeo8N01OfiKP8RXMtf6e8aTskBGqWdc=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20200302205851-738671d3881b/go.mod h1:3xt1FjdF8hUf6vQPIChWIBhFzV8gjjsPE/fR3IyQdNY=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.1.1-0.20191105210325-c90efee705ee/go.mod h1:QqPTAvyqsEbceGzBzNggFXnrqF1CaUcvgkdR5Ot7KZg=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.2.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.3.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.36.0 h1:JJjpVx6myfUsUdAzZuOSTTmRE0PfZeNWzzvKrP7amb4=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.36.0/go.mod h1:moc6ELqsWcOw5Ef3xVprK5ul/MvtVvkIXLziUOICjUQ=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.34.0 h1:xIHgNUUnW6sYkcM5Jleh05DvLOtwc6RitGHbDk4akRI=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.34.0/go.mod h1:ykgH52iCZe79kzLLMhyCUzhMci+nQj+0XkbXpNYtVjY=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180724234803-3673e40ba225/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20181114220301-adae6a3d119a/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190108225652-1e06a53dbb7e/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
@@ -182,8 +182,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200625001655-4c5254603344/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81Ro3o1hOxt32SMVPicZroKQ2sZA=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.57.0 h1:K5+3DljvIuDG9/Jv9rvyMywYNFCQ9RSUY6OOTTkT+tE=
-golang.org/x/net v0.57.0/go.mod h1:KpXc8iv+r3XplLAG/f7Jsf9RPszJzdR0f58q9vGOuEU=
+golang.org/x/net v0.52.0 h1:He/TN1l0e4mmR3QqHMT2Xab3Aj3L9qjbhRm78/6jrW0=
+golang.org/x/net v0.52.0/go.mod h1:R1MAz7uMZxVMualyPXb+VaqGSa3LIaUqk0eEt3w36Sw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181221193216-37e7f081c4d4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201207232520-09787c993a3a/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0 h1:SZjpbeLmrCk4xhRSZFNZW5gFUeCeFgjekvI/+gfScek=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 h1:e0PTpb7pjO8GAtTs2dQ6jYa5BWYlMuX047Dco/pItO4=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180905080454-ebe1bf3edb33/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181116152217-5ac8a444bdc5/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
@@ -208,11 +208,11 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210124154548-22da62e12c0c/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210603081109-ebe580a85c40/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.43.0 h1:Rlag2XtaFTxp19wS8MXlJwTvoh8ArU6ezoyFsMyCTNI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.43.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/term v0.45.0 h1:NwWyBmoJCbfTHpxrWoZ9C6/VxOf7ic219I8xZZFdrf0=
-golang.org/x/term v0.45.0/go.mod h1:9aqxs0blBcrm/n0L9QW0aRVD+ktan8ssZromtqJC43w=
+golang.org/x/term v0.42.0 h1:UiKe+zDFmJobeJ5ggPwOshJIVt6/Ft0rcfrXZDLWAWY=
+golang.org/x/term v0.42.0/go.mod h1:Dq/D+snpsbazcBG5+F9Q1n2rXV8Ma+71xEjTRufARgY=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtn
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200130002326-2f3ba24bd6e7/go.mod h1:TB2adYChydJhpapKDTa4BR/hXlZSLoq2Wpct/0txZ28=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200619180055-7c47624df98f/go.mod h1:EkVYQZoAsY45+roYkvgYkIh4xh/qjgUK9TdY2XT94GE=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20210106214847-113979e3529a/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.45.0 h1:18qN3FAooORvApf5XjCXgsuayZOEtXf6JK18I3+ONa8=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.45.0/go.mod h1:LuUGqqaXcXMEFEruIVJVm5mgDD8vww/z/SR1gQ4uE/0=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.43.0 h1:12BdW9CeB3Z+J/I/wj34VMl8X+fEXBxVR90JeMX5E7s=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.43.0/go.mod h1:uHkMso649BX2cZK6+RpuIPXS3ho2hZo4FVwfoy1vIk0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 h1:B82qJJgjvYKsXS9jeu
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2/go.mod h1:deeaetjYA+DHMHg+sMSMI58GrEteJUUzzw7en6TJQcI=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230325221338-052af4a8072b h1:J1CaxgLerRR5lgx3wnr6L04cJFbWoceSK9JWBdglINo=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230325221338-052af4a8072b/go.mod h1:tqur9LnfstdR9ep2LaJT4lFUl0EjlHtge+gAjmsHUG4=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v1.0.1 h1:eOxiDVbywPC+ZQqvdCK7x+ZwWXKbYv50TtH8ysFIbw8=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v1.0.1/go.mod h1:+fbT3FFdX4zzYDLwJh5+HPEcNN/3HyNdzhNSVsQM+zs=
+golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.6.1 h1:XMaKojH1Hs/raMrmnir4n35nTvzvWj7NmSYzHn2F4qU=
+golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.6.1/go.mod h1:04aqInu5GYuTFvMuDw/rKBAF7mHrltW/3rekpfbbZDM=
 google.golang.org/appengine v1.4.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=

handshake/credential.go

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-package handshake
-
-import (
-	"crypto/rand"
-
-	"github.com/flynn/noise"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-)
-
-// Credential holds everything needed to participate in a handshake
-// at a given cert version. Version and Curve are read from Cert; the public
-// half of the static keypair likewise comes from Cert.PublicKey().
-type Credential struct {
-	Cert        cert.Certificate  // the certificate
-	Bytes       []byte            // pre-marshaled certificate bytes
-	privateKey  []byte            // static private key (public half lives in Cert)
-	cipherSuite noise.CipherSuite // pre-built cipher suite (DH + cipher + hash)
-}
-
-// NewCredential creates a Credential with all material needed for handshake
-// participation. The cipherSuite should be pre-built by the caller with the
-// appropriate DH function, cipher, and hash.
-func NewCredential(
-	c cert.Certificate,
-	hsBytes []byte,
-	privateKey []byte,
-	cipherSuite noise.CipherSuite,
-) *Credential {
-	return &Credential{
-		Cert:        c,
-		Bytes:       hsBytes,
-		privateKey:  privateKey,
-		cipherSuite: cipherSuite,
-	}
-}
-
-// buildHandshakeState creates a noise.HandshakeState from this credential.
-func (hc *Credential) buildHandshakeState(initiator bool, pattern noise.HandshakePattern) (*noise.HandshakeState, error) {
-	return noise.NewHandshakeState(noise.Config{
-		CipherSuite:           hc.cipherSuite,
-		Random:                rand.Reader,
-		Pattern:               pattern,
-		Initiator:             initiator,
-		StaticKeypair:         noise.DHKey{Private: hc.privateKey, Public: hc.Cert.PublicKey()},
-		PresharedKey:          []byte{},
-		PresharedKeyPlacement: 0,
-	})
-}
-
-// GetCredentialFunc returns the handshake credential for the given version,
-// or nil if that version is not available.
-//
-// Implementations must return credentials drawn from a snapshot stable for
-// the lifetime of any single Machine. The Machine may call this multiple
-// times during a handshake (e.g. when negotiating to the peer's version)
-// and assumes the underlying static keypair is consistent across calls.
-type GetCredentialFunc func(v cert.Version) *Credential

handshake/errors.go

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package handshake
-
-import "errors"
-
-var (
-	ErrInitiateOnResponder     = errors.New("initiate called on responder")
-	ErrInitiateAlreadyCalled   = errors.New("initiate already called")
-	ErrInitiateNotCalled       = errors.New("initiate must be called before ProcessPacket for initiators")
-	ErrPacketTooShort          = errors.New("packet too short")
-	ErrPublicKeyMismatch       = errors.New("public key mismatch between certificate and handshake")
-	ErrIncompleteHandshake     = errors.New("handshake completed without receiving required content")
-	ErrMachineFailed           = errors.New("handshake machine has failed")
-	ErrUnknownSubtype          = errors.New("unknown handshake subtype")
-	ErrMissingContent          = errors.New("expected handshake content but message was empty")
-	ErrUnexpectedContent       = errors.New("received unexpected handshake content")
-	ErrInvalidRemoteIndex      = errors.New("peer sent an invalid index in handshake payload")
-	ErrIndexAllocation         = errors.New("failed to allocate local index")
-	ErrNoCredential            = errors.New("no handshake credential available for cert version")
-	ErrAsymmetricCipherKeys    = errors.New("noise produced only one cipher key")
-	ErrMultiMessageUnsupported = errors.New("multi-message handshake patterns are not yet supported by the manager")
-	ErrSubtypeMismatch         = errors.New("packet subtype does not match handshake machine subtype")
-)

handshake/handshake.proto

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-// This file documents the wire format the nebula handshake speaks. It is
-// not run through protoc; the encoder/decoder in payload.go is hand-written
-// against this shape directly to keep the parser narrow and panic-free.
-//
-// Any change to the wire format must be reflected here, and adding a new
-// field requires updating MarshalPayload / unmarshalPayloadDetails together
-// with the field-uniqueness and wire-type checks in those functions.
-
-syntax = "proto3";
-package nebula.handshake;
-
-message NebulaHandshake {
-  NebulaHandshakeDetails Details = 1;
-  bytes Hmac = 2;
-}
-
-message NebulaHandshakeDetails {
-  bytes Cert = 1;
-  uint32 InitiatorIndex = 2;
-  uint32 ResponderIndex = 3;
-  // Cookie was reserved for an anti-DoS mechanism that was never
-  // implemented. No released version of nebula has ever populated it; the
-  // hand-written parser silently skips it on read.
-  uint64 Cookie = 4 [deprecated = true];
-  uint64 Time = 5;
-  uint32 CertVersion = 8;
-  // reserved for WIP multiport
-  reserved 6, 7;
-}

handshake/helpers_test.go

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-package handshake
-
-import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/flynn/noise"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	ct "github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-// testCertState holds cert material for a test peer.
-type testCertState struct {
-	version cert.Version
-	creds   map[cert.Version]*Credential
-}
-
-func (s *testCertState) getCredential(v cert.Version) *Credential {
-	return s.creds[v]
-}
-
-func newTestCertState(
-	t *testing.T, ca cert.Certificate, caKey []byte, name string, networks []netip.Prefix,
-) *testCertState {
-	return newTestCertStateWithCipher(t, ca, caKey, name, networks, noise.CipherChaChaPoly)
-}
-
-func newTestCertStateWithCipher(
-	t *testing.T, ca cert.Certificate, caKey []byte, name string, networks []netip.Prefix,
-	cipher noise.CipherFunc,
-) *testCertState {
-	t.Helper()
-	c, _, rawPrivKey, _ := ct.NewTestCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca, caKey,
-		name, ca.NotBefore(), ca.NotAfter(), networks, nil, nil,
-	)
-
-	priv, _, _, err := cert.UnmarshalPrivateKeyFromPEM(rawPrivKey)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	hsBytes, err := c.MarshalForHandshakes()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	ncs := noise.NewCipherSuite(noise.DH25519, cipher, noise.HashSHA256)
-	return &testCertState{
-		version: cert.Version2,
-		creds: map[cert.Version]*Credential{
-			cert.Version2: NewCredential(c, hsBytes, priv, ncs),
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func testVerifier(pool *cert.CAPool) CertVerifier {
-	return func(c cert.Certificate) (*cert.CachedCertificate, error) {
-		return pool.VerifyCertificate(time.Now(), c)
-	}
-}
-
-func newTestMachine(
-	t *testing.T,
-	cs *testCertState,
-	verifier CertVerifier,
-	initiator bool,
-	localIndex uint32,
-) *Machine {
-	t.Helper()
-	m, err := NewMachine(
-		cs.version, cs.getCredential,
-		verifier, func() (uint32, error) { return localIndex, nil },
-		initiator, header.HandshakeIXPSK0,
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	return m
-}
-
-func initiateHandshake(
-	t *testing.T,
-	initCS *testCertState, initVerifier CertVerifier,
-	respCS *testCertState, respVerifier CertVerifier,
-) (initM, respM *Machine, respResult *Result, resp []byte, err error) {
-	t.Helper()
-	initM = newTestMachine(t, initCS, initVerifier, true, 100)
-	msg1, merr := initM.Initiate(nil)
-	require.NoError(t, merr)
-
-	respM = newTestMachine(t, respCS, respVerifier, false, 200)
-	resp, respResult, err = respM.ProcessPacket(nil, msg1)
-	return
-}
-
-func doFullHandshake(
-	t *testing.T, initCS, respCS *testCertState, caPool *cert.CAPool,
-) (initResult, respResult *Result) {
-	t.Helper()
-	v := testVerifier(caPool)
-
-	initM := newTestMachine(t, initCS, v, true, 1000)
-	respM := newTestMachine(t, respCS, v, false, 2000)
-
-	msg1, err := initM.Initiate(nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	resp, respResult, err := respM.ProcessPacket(nil, msg1)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, respResult)
-	require.NotEmpty(t, resp)
-
-	_, initResult, err = initM.ProcessPacket(nil, resp)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, initResult)
-
-	return initResult, respResult
-}

handshake/machine.go

@@ -1,454 +0,0 @@
-package handshake
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
-	"slices"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/flynn/noise"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
-)
-
-// IndexAllocator is called by the Machine to allocate a local index for the
-// handshake. It is called at most once, when the first outgoing message that
-// carries a payload is built.
-//
-// Implementations MUST NOT return 0. Zero is reserved as a sentinel meaning
-// "no index assigned" on the wire and in the payload-presence checks. If an
-// allocator ever returned 0, a legitimate handshake's payload could be
-// indistinguishable from an empty one and would be rejected.
-type IndexAllocator func() (uint32, error)
-
-// CertVerifier is called by the Machine after reconstructing the peer's
-// certificate from the handshake. The verifier performs all validation
-// (CA trust, expiry, policy checks, allow lists).
-type CertVerifier func(cert.Certificate) (*cert.CachedCertificate, error)
-
-// Result contains the results of a successful handshake.
-// Returned by ProcessPacket when the handshake is complete.
-type Result struct {
-	EKey          *noise.CipherState
-	DKey          *noise.CipherState
-	Cipher        noise.CipherFunc // identifies which post-handshake CipherState the data plane should wrap EKey/DKey in
-	MyCert        cert.Certificate
-	RemoteCert    *cert.CachedCertificate
-	RemoteIndex   uint32
-	LocalIndex    uint32
-	HandshakeTime uint64
-	MessageIndex  uint64 // number of messages exchanged during the handshake
-	Initiator     bool
-}
-
-// Machine drives a Noise handshake through N messages. It handles Noise
-// protocol operations, certificate reconstruction, and payload encoding.
-// Certificate validation is delegated to the caller via CertVerifier.
-//
-// A Machine is not safe for concurrent use. The caller must ensure that
-// Initiate and ProcessPacket are not called concurrently.
-//
-// Error contract: when ProcessPacket or Initiate returns an error, callers
-// must check Failed() to decide what to do next. If Failed() is false the
-// underlying noise state was not advanced (the packet was rejected before
-// ReadMessage took effect, or the rejection is non-fatal like a stale
-// retransmit) and the Machine can accept another packet. If Failed() is
-// true the Machine is unrecoverable and the caller must abandon it.
-type Machine struct {
-	hs             *noise.HandshakeState
-	getCred        GetCredentialFunc
-	allocIndex     IndexAllocator
-	verifier       CertVerifier
-	result         *Result
-	msgs           []msgFlags
-	myVersion      cert.Version
-	subtype        header.MessageSubType
-	indexAllocated bool
-	remoteCertSet  bool
-	payloadSet     bool
-	failed         bool
-}
-
-// NewMachine creates a handshake state machine. The subtype determines both
-// the noise pattern and the per-message content layout. The credential for
-// `version` is fetched via getCred and used to seed the noise.HandshakeState.
-// IndexAllocator is called lazily when the first outgoing payload is built.
-func NewMachine(
-	version cert.Version,
-	getCred GetCredentialFunc,
-	verifier CertVerifier,
-	allocIndex IndexAllocator,
-	initiator bool,
-	subtype header.MessageSubType,
-) (*Machine, error) {
-	info, err := subtypeInfoFor(subtype)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	cred := getCred(version)
-	if cred == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrNoCredential, version)
-	}
-
-	hs, err := cred.buildHandshakeState(initiator, info.pattern)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build noise state: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return &Machine{
-		hs:         hs,
-		subtype:    subtype,
-		msgs:       info.msgs,
-		getCred:    getCred,
-		allocIndex: allocIndex,
-		verifier:   verifier,
-		myVersion:  version,
-		result: &Result{
-			Initiator: initiator,
-			Cipher:    cred.cipherSuite,
-		},
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// Failed returns true if the Machine is in an unrecoverable state.
-func (m *Machine) Failed() bool {
-	return m.failed
-}
-
-// Subtype returns the handshake subtype this Machine was built for.
-func (m *Machine) Subtype() header.MessageSubType {
-	return m.subtype
-}
-
-// MessageIndex returns the noise handshake message index, which equals the
-// wire counter of the most recently sent or received message.
-func (m *Machine) MessageIndex() int {
-	return m.hs.MessageIndex()
-}
-
-// requireComplete checks that both a peer cert and payload have been received.
-// Marks the machine as failed if not.
-func (m *Machine) requireComplete() error {
-	if !m.payloadSet || !m.remoteCertSet {
-		m.failed = true
-		return ErrIncompleteHandshake
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// myMsgFlags returns the flags for the current outgoing message.
-func (m *Machine) myMsgFlags() msgFlags {
-	idx := m.hs.MessageIndex()
-	if idx < len(m.msgs) {
-		return m.msgs[idx]
-	}
-	return msgFlags{}
-}
-
-// peerMsgFlags returns the flags for the message we just read.
-func (m *Machine) peerMsgFlags() msgFlags {
-	idx := m.hs.MessageIndex() - 1
-	if idx >= 0 && idx < len(m.msgs) {
-		return m.msgs[idx]
-	}
-	return msgFlags{}
-}
-
-// Initiate produces the first handshake message. Only valid for initiators,
-// and must be called exactly once before ProcessPacket.
-//
-// out is a destination buffer the message is appended to and returned. Pass
-// nil to allocate fresh, or pass a re-used buffer sliced to length 0 (e.g.
-// buf[:0]) with sufficient capacity to avoid allocation.
-//
-// An error return may not indicate a fatal condition, check Failed() to
-// determine if the Machine can still be used.
-func (m *Machine) Initiate(out []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	if m.failed {
-		return nil, ErrMachineFailed
-	}
-	if !m.result.Initiator {
-		m.failed = true
-		return nil, ErrInitiateOnResponder
-	}
-	if m.hs.MessageIndex() != 0 {
-		m.failed = true
-		return nil, ErrInitiateAlreadyCalled
-	}
-
-	// At MessageIndex=0 with RemoteIndex still zero, buildResponse produces
-	// header counter 1 and remote index 0, which is what the initial message needs.
-	out, _, _, err := m.buildResponse(out)
-	if err != nil {
-		m.failed = true
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-// ProcessPacket handles an incoming handshake message. It advances the Noise
-// state, validates the peer certificate via the verifier, and optionally
-// produces a response.
-//
-// out is a destination buffer the response is appended to and returned. Pass
-// nil to allocate fresh, or pass a re-used buffer sliced to length 0 (e.g.
-// buf[:0]) with sufficient capacity to avoid allocation. The returned slice
-// is nil when no outgoing message is produced (handshake complete on this
-// side, or final message of a multi-message pattern).
-//
-// Returns a non-nil Result when the handshake is complete.
-// An error return may not indicate a fatal condition, check Failed() to
-// determine if the Machine can still be used.
-func (m *Machine) ProcessPacket(out, packet []byte) ([]byte, *Result, error) {
-	if m.failed {
-		return nil, nil, ErrMachineFailed
-	}
-	if len(packet) < header.Len {
-		return nil, nil, ErrPacketTooShort
-	}
-	// Reject packets whose subtype doesn't match the one this Machine was
-	// built for. A pending handshake that suddenly receives a different
-	// subtype on its index is either a stray packet that matched by chance
-	// or a peer protocol violation; drop it without failing the Machine so
-	// the legitimate retransmit can still complete.
-	if header.MessageSubType(packet[1]) != m.subtype {
-		return nil, nil, ErrSubtypeMismatch
-	}
-	if m.result.Initiator && m.hs.MessageIndex() == 0 {
-		m.failed = true
-		return nil, nil, ErrInitiateNotCalled
-	}
-
-	// The (eKey, dKey) ordering here is correct for IX, where the initiator
-	// completes the handshake by reading the responder's stage-2 message.
-	// noise returns (cs1, cs2) where cs1 is the initiator->responder cipher.
-	// For 3-message patterns where a responder finishes by reading the final
-	// message, this ordering would be wrong; revisit when XX/pqIX lands.
-	msg, eKey, dKey, err := m.hs.ReadMessage(nil, packet[header.Len:])
-	if err != nil {
-		// Noise ReadMessage failed. The noise library checkpoints and rolls back
-		// on failure, so the Machine is still alive. The caller can retry with
-		// a different packet.
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("noise ReadMessage: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// From here on, noise state has advanced. Any error is fatal.
-	flags := m.peerMsgFlags()
-
-	if err := m.processPayload(msg, flags); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	// If ReadMessage derived keys, the handshake is complete. Noise should
-	// always produce both keys together; asymmetry is a protocol invariant
-	// violation.
-	if eKey != nil || dKey != nil {
-		if eKey == nil || dKey == nil {
-			m.failed = true
-			return nil, nil, ErrAsymmetricCipherKeys
-		}
-		if err := m.requireComplete(); err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, err
-		}
-		return nil, m.completed(eKey, dKey), nil
-	}
-
-	// ReadMessage didn't complete, produce the next outgoing message
-	out, dk, ek, err := m.buildResponse(out)
-	if err != nil {
-		m.failed = true
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	if ek != nil || dk != nil {
-		if ek == nil || dk == nil {
-			m.failed = true
-			return nil, nil, ErrAsymmetricCipherKeys
-		}
-		if err := m.requireComplete(); err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, err
-		}
-		return out, m.completed(ek, dk), nil
-	}
-
-	return out, nil, nil
-}
-
-func (m *Machine) completed(eKey, dKey *noise.CipherState) *Result {
-	m.result.EKey = eKey
-	m.result.DKey = dKey
-	m.result.MessageIndex = uint64(m.hs.MessageIndex())
-	return m.result
-}
-
-func (m *Machine) processPayload(msg []byte, flags msgFlags) error {
-	if len(msg) == 0 {
-		if flags.expectsPayload || flags.expectsCert {
-			m.failed = true
-			return ErrMissingContent
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	payload, err := UnmarshalPayload(msg)
-	if err != nil {
-		m.failed = true
-		return fmt.Errorf("unmarshal handshake: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Assert the payload contains exactly what we expect
-	hasPayloadData := payload.InitiatorIndex != 0 || payload.ResponderIndex != 0 || payload.Time != 0
-	if hasPayloadData != flags.expectsPayload {
-		m.failed = true
-		return ErrUnexpectedContent
-	}
-
-	hasCertData := len(payload.Cert) > 0
-	if hasCertData != flags.expectsCert {
-		m.failed = true
-		return ErrUnexpectedContent
-	}
-
-	// Process payload
-	if flags.expectsPayload {
-		var remoteIndex uint32
-		if m.result.Initiator {
-			remoteIndex = payload.ResponderIndex
-		} else {
-			remoteIndex = payload.InitiatorIndex
-		}
-		// The payload presence check above can be satisfied by Time alone, so a payload
-		// could still carry a zero index here. We need to reject it.
-		if remoteIndex == 0 {
-			m.failed = true
-			return ErrInvalidRemoteIndex
-		}
-		m.result.RemoteIndex = remoteIndex
-		m.result.HandshakeTime = payload.Time
-		m.payloadSet = true
-	}
-
-	// Process certificate
-	if flags.expectsCert {
-		if err := m.validateCert(payload); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Machine) validateCert(payload Payload) error {
-	cred := m.getCred(m.myVersion)
-	if cred == nil {
-		m.failed = true
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrNoCredential, m.myVersion)
-	}
-	rc, err := cert.Recombine(
-		cert.Version(payload.CertVersion),
-		payload.Cert,
-		m.hs.PeerStatic(),
-		cred.Cert.Curve(),
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		m.failed = true
-		return fmt.Errorf("recombine cert: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if !bytes.Equal(rc.PublicKey(), m.hs.PeerStatic()) {
-		m.failed = true
-		return ErrPublicKeyMismatch
-	}
-
-	// Version negotiation, if the peer sent a different version and we have it, switch
-	if rc.Version() != m.myVersion {
-		if m.getCred(rc.Version()) != nil {
-			m.myVersion = rc.Version()
-		}
-	}
-
-	verified, err := m.verifier(rc)
-	if err != nil {
-		m.failed = true
-		return fmt.Errorf("verify cert: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	m.result.RemoteCert = verified
-	m.remoteCertSet = true
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Machine) marshalOutgoing(flags msgFlags) ([]byte, error) {
-	if !flags.expectsPayload && !flags.expectsCert {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	var p Payload
-	if flags.expectsPayload {
-		if !m.indexAllocated {
-			index, err := m.allocIndex()
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrIndexAllocation, err)
-			}
-			m.result.LocalIndex = index
-			m.indexAllocated = true
-		}
-
-		if m.result.Initiator {
-			p.InitiatorIndex = m.result.LocalIndex
-		} else {
-			p.ResponderIndex = m.result.LocalIndex
-			p.InitiatorIndex = m.result.RemoteIndex
-		}
-		p.Time = uint64(time.Now().UnixNano())
-	}
-	if flags.expectsCert {
-		cred := m.getCred(m.myVersion)
-		if cred == nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrNoCredential, m.myVersion)
-		}
-		p.Cert = cred.Bytes
-		p.CertVersion = uint32(cred.Cert.Version())
-		m.result.MyCert = cred.Cert
-	}
-
-	return MarshalPayload(nil, p), nil
-}
-
-func (m *Machine) buildResponse(out []byte) ([]byte, *noise.CipherState, *noise.CipherState, error) {
-	flags := m.myMsgFlags()
-	hsBytes, err := m.marshalOutgoing(flags)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	// Extend out by header.Len to make room for the header. slices.Grow is a
-	// no-op when the cap is already sufficient (the zero-copy case where the
-	// caller passed a pre-sized buffer). header.Encode overwrites the new
-	// bytes, so they don't need to be zeroed.
-	start := len(out)
-	out = slices.Grow(out, header.Len)[:start+header.Len]
-	header.Encode(
-		out[start:],
-		header.Version, header.Handshake, m.subtype,
-		m.result.RemoteIndex,
-		uint64(m.hs.MessageIndex()+1),
-	)
-
-	// noise.WriteMessage appends the encrypted handshake message to out,
-	// reusing capacity when present.
-	//
-	// The (dKey, eKey) ordering here is correct for IX, where the responder
-	// completes the handshake by writing the stage-2 message. noise returns
-	// (cs1, cs2) where cs1 is the initiator->responder cipher (which is the
-	// responder's decrypt key). For 3-message patterns where an initiator
-	// finishes by writing the final message, this ordering would be wrong;
-	// revisit when XX/pqIX lands.
-	out, dKey, eKey, err := m.hs.WriteMessage(out, hsBytes)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("noise WriteMessage: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return out, dKey, eKey, nil
-}

handshake/machine_test.go

@@ -1,680 +0,0 @@
-package handshake
-
-import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/flynn/noise"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	ct "github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/noiseutil"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestMachineIXHappyPath(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-
-	initCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "initiator", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-	respCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "responder", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")})
-
-	initR, respR := doFullHandshake(t, initCS, respCS, caPool)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, "responder", initR.RemoteCert.Certificate.Name())
-	assert.Equal(t, "initiator", respR.RemoteCert.Certificate.Name())
-
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(1000), initR.LocalIndex)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(2000), initR.RemoteIndex)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(2000), respR.LocalIndex)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(1000), respR.RemoteIndex)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(2), initR.MessageIndex, "IX has 2 messages")
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(2), respR.MessageIndex, "IX has 2 messages")
-
-	ct1, err := initR.EKey.Encrypt(nil, nil, []byte("hello"))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	pt1, err := respR.DKey.Decrypt(nil, nil, ct1)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte("hello"), pt1)
-
-	ct2, err := respR.EKey.Encrypt(nil, nil, []byte("world"))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	pt2, err := initR.DKey.Decrypt(nil, nil, ct2)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte("world"), pt2)
-}
-
-func TestMachineInitiateErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-	cs := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "test", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-	v := testVerifier(caPool)
-
-	t.Run("initiate on responder", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		_, err := m.Initiate(nil)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrInitiateOnResponder)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("initiate called twice", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, true, 100)
-		_, err := m.Initiate(nil)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		_, err = m.Initiate(nil)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrInitiateAlreadyCalled)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("process packet before initiate on initiator", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, true, 100)
-		_, _, err := m.ProcessPacket(nil, make([]byte, 100))
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrInitiateNotCalled)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("calling failed machine", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		_, err := m.Initiate(nil) // fails: responder
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		_, err = m.Initiate(nil) // fails: already failed
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrMachineFailed)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestMachineProcessPacketErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-	cs := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "test", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-	v := testVerifier(caPool)
-
-	t.Run("packet too short", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		_, _, err := m.ProcessPacket(nil, []byte{1, 2, 3})
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrPacketTooShort)
-		assert.False(t, m.Failed(), "short packet should not kill machine")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("noise decryption failure is recoverable", func(t *testing.T) {
-		initCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "init", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-		initM := newTestMachine(t, initCS, v, true, 100)
-		msg1, err := initM.Initiate(nil)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		respM := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 200)
-		resp, _, err := respM.ProcessPacket(nil, msg1)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		corrupted := make([]byte, len(resp))
-		copy(corrupted, resp)
-		for i := header.Len; i < len(corrupted); i++ {
-			corrupted[i] ^= 0xff
-		}
-		_, _, err = initM.ProcessPacket(nil, corrupted)
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.False(t, initM.Failed(), "noise failure should be recoverable")
-
-		// And the machine should still complete a real handshake afterward.
-		_, result, err := initM.ProcessPacket(nil, resp)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, result, "initiator should complete on the legitimate response")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid cert is fatal", func(t *testing.T) {
-		otherCA, _, otherCAKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-			cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-		)
-		otherCS := newTestCertState(t, otherCA, otherCAKey, "other", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")})
-
-		initM := newTestMachine(t, otherCS, testVerifier(ct.NewTestCAPool(otherCA)), true, 100)
-		msg1, err := initM.Initiate(nil)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		respM := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 200)
-		_, _, err = respM.ProcessPacket(nil, msg1)
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, respM.Failed(), "cert validation failure should kill machine")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("subtype mismatch is recoverable", func(t *testing.T) {
-		initCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "init", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-		initM := newTestMachine(t, initCS, v, true, 100)
-		msg1, err := initM.Initiate(nil)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Mutate the subtype byte (offset 1 in the header) to a value the
-		// responder Machine wasn't built for.
-		bad := make([]byte, len(msg1))
-		copy(bad, msg1)
-		bad[1] = 0xff
-
-		respM := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 200)
-		_, _, err = respM.ProcessPacket(nil, bad)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrSubtypeMismatch)
-		assert.False(t, respM.Failed(), "subtype mismatch should not kill the machine")
-
-		// And the machine should still complete a real handshake afterward.
-		resp, result, err := respM.ProcessPacket(nil, msg1)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, result, "responder should complete on the legitimate stage-1 packet")
-		assert.NotEmpty(t, resp, "responder should produce a stage-2 reply")
-	})
-}
-
-// TestMachineProcessPayload exercises processPayload's internal validation
-// directly. Most of these failure modes can't be reached black-box once the
-// subtype check at the top of ProcessPacket gates external callers, so we
-// drive them by hand here for coverage.
-func TestMachineProcessPayload(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-	cs := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "test", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-	v := testVerifier(caPool)
-
-	t.Run("empty message with expects fails", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		err := m.processPayload(nil, msgFlags{expectsPayload: true, expectsCert: true})
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrMissingContent)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("empty message with no expects passes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		err := m.processPayload(nil, msgFlags{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.False(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("malformed protobuf is fatal", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		err := m.processPayload([]byte{0xff, 0xff, 0xff}, msgFlags{expectsPayload: true, expectsCert: true})
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("unexpected payload data is fatal", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		// A payload with index data when none was expected.
-		bytes := MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{InitiatorIndex: 42, Time: 1})
-		err := m.processPayload(bytes, msgFlags{expectsPayload: false, expectsCert: false})
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnexpectedContent)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("unexpected cert data is fatal", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		// A payload with cert when none was expected.
-		bytes := MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{Cert: []byte{1, 2, 3}, CertVersion: 2})
-		err := m.processPayload(bytes, msgFlags{expectsPayload: false, expectsCert: false})
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnexpectedContent)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("missing payload data when expected is fatal", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		// Cert present, but no index/time fields.
-		bytes := MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{Cert: []byte{1, 2, 3}, CertVersion: 2})
-		err := m.processPayload(bytes, msgFlags{expectsPayload: true, expectsCert: true})
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnexpectedContent)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("zero initiator index on responder is fatal", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		bytes := MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{InitiatorIndex: 0, Time: 1})
-		err := m.processPayload(bytes, msgFlags{expectsPayload: true})
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrInvalidRemoteIndex)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-		assert.Zero(t, m.result.RemoteIndex)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("zero responder index on initiator is fatal", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, true, 100)
-		bytes := MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{InitiatorIndex: 100, ResponderIndex: 0, Time: 1})
-		err := m.processPayload(bytes, msgFlags{expectsPayload: true})
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrInvalidRemoteIndex)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-		assert.Zero(t, m.result.RemoteIndex)
-	})
-}
-
-// TestMachineRequireComplete checks the fail-on-incomplete-handshake path
-// directly. Like processPayload above this isn't reachable from a normal IX
-// flow, so we drive it by hand.
-func TestMachineRequireComplete(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-	cs := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "test", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-	v := testVerifier(caPool)
-
-	t.Run("missing both fails", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		err := m.requireComplete()
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrIncompleteHandshake)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("payload only fails", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		m.payloadSet = true
-		err := m.requireComplete()
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrIncompleteHandshake)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("cert only fails", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		m.remoteCertSet = true
-		err := m.requireComplete()
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrIncompleteHandshake)
-		assert.True(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("both set passes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		m := newTestMachine(t, cs, v, false, 100)
-		m.payloadSet = true
-		m.remoteCertSet = true
-		err := m.requireComplete()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.False(t, m.Failed())
-	})
-}
-
-func TestMachineAESCipher(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-
-	initCS := newTestCertStateWithCipher(
-		t, ca, caKey, "init",
-		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")},
-		noiseutil.CipherAESGCM,
-	)
-	respCS := newTestCertStateWithCipher(
-		t, ca, caKey, "resp",
-		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")},
-		noiseutil.CipherAESGCM,
-	)
-
-	initR, respR := doFullHandshake(t, initCS, respCS, caPool)
-
-	ct1, err := initR.EKey.Encrypt(nil, nil, []byte("works"))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	pt1, err := respR.DKey.Decrypt(nil, nil, ct1)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte("works"), pt1)
-
-	ct2, err := respR.EKey.Encrypt(nil, nil, []byte("back"))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	pt2, err := initR.DKey.Decrypt(nil, nil, ct2)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte("back"), pt2)
-}
-
-func TestResultFields(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-	initCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "init", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-	respCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "resp", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")})
-
-	initR, respR := doFullHandshake(t, initCS, respCS, caPool)
-
-	assert.True(t, initR.Initiator)
-	assert.False(t, respR.Initiator)
-	assert.NotZero(t, initR.HandshakeTime)
-	assert.NotZero(t, respR.HandshakeTime)
-	assert.NotNil(t, initR.RemoteCert)
-	assert.NotNil(t, respR.RemoteCert)
-}
-
-func TestMachineBufferReuse(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-	initCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "init", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-	respCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "resp", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")})
-	v := testVerifier(caPool)
-
-	initM := newTestMachine(t, initCS, v, true, 1000)
-	respM := newTestMachine(t, respCS, v, false, 2000)
-
-	msg1, err := initM.Initiate(nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	t.Run("response writes into provided buffer", func(t *testing.T) {
-		buf := make([]byte, 0, 4096)
-		resp, result, err := respM.ProcessPacket(buf, msg1)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, result)
-
-		assert.NotEmpty(t, resp, "response should have content")
-		assert.Equal(t, &buf[:1][0], &resp[:1][0],
-			"response should reuse the provided buffer's backing array")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("initiate writes into provided buffer", func(t *testing.T) {
-		initM2 := newTestMachine(t, initCS, v, true, 3000)
-		buf := make([]byte, 0, 4096)
-		msg, err := initM2.Initiate(buf)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		assert.NotEmpty(t, msg, "initiate should have content")
-		assert.Equal(t, &buf[:1][0], &msg[:1][0],
-			"initiate should reuse the provided buffer's backing array")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("nil out still works", func(t *testing.T) {
-		initM2 := newTestMachine(t, initCS, v, true, 4000)
-		respM2 := newTestMachine(t, respCS, v, false, 5000)
-
-		msg1, err := initM2.Initiate(nil)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		resp, _, err := respM2.ProcessPacket(nil, msg1)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		out, result, err := initM2.ProcessPacket(nil, resp)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NotNil(t, result)
-		assert.Nil(t, out, "initiator should have no response for IX msg2")
-	})
-}
-
-func TestMachineMsgIndexTracking(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-	initCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "init", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-	respCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "resp", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")})
-	v := testVerifier(caPool)
-
-	initM := newTestMachine(t, initCS, v, true, 100)
-	respM := newTestMachine(t, respCS, v, false, 200)
-
-	msg1, err := initM.Initiate(nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	resp1, result1, err := respM.ProcessPacket(nil, msg1)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.NotNil(t, result1)
-
-	_, result2, err := initM.ProcessPacket(nil, resp1)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.NotNil(t, result2)
-}
-
-func TestMachineThreeMessagePattern(t *testing.T) {
-	registerTestXXInfo(t)
-
-	// Use HandshakeXX (3 messages) to verify the Machine handles multi-message
-	// patterns correctly. XX flow:
-	//   msg1 (I->R): [E]           - payload only, no cert
-	//   msg2 (R->I): [E, ee, S, es] - payload + cert
-	//   msg3 (I->R): [S, se]       - cert only (no payload, not first two)
-
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-	v := testVerifier(caPool)
-
-	initCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "init", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")})
-	respCS := newTestCertState(t, ca, caKey, "resp", []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")})
-
-	initM, err := NewMachine(
-		cert.Version2,
-		initCS.getCredential, v,
-		func() (uint32, error) { return 1000, nil },
-		true, header.HandshakeXXPSK0,
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	respM, err := NewMachine(
-		cert.Version2,
-		respCS.getCredential, v,
-		func() (uint32, error) { return 2000, nil },
-		false, header.HandshakeXXPSK0,
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// msg1: initiator -> responder (E only, no cert)
-	msg1, err := initM.Initiate(nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, msg1)
-
-	// Responder processes msg1, should not complete yet, should produce msg2
-	msg2, result, err := respM.ProcessPacket(nil, msg1)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Nil(t, result, "XX should not complete on msg1")
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, msg2, "responder should produce msg2")
-
-	// Initiator processes msg2: gets responder's cert, produces msg3, and
-	// completes (WriteMessage for msg3 derives keys)
-	msg3, initResult, err := initM.ProcessPacket(nil, msg2)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, initResult, "XX initiator should complete after reading msg2 and writing msg3")
-	assert.NotEmpty(t, msg3, "initiator should produce msg3")
-	assert.Equal(t, "resp", initResult.RemoteCert.Certificate.Name())
-
-	// Responder processes msg3: gets initiator's cert and completes
-	_, respResult, err := respM.ProcessPacket(nil, msg3)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, respResult, "XX responder should complete on msg3")
-	assert.Equal(t, "init", respResult.RemoteCert.Certificate.Name())
-
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(3), initResult.MessageIndex, "XX has 3 messages")
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(3), respResult.MessageIndex, "XX has 3 messages")
-
-	// Verify keys work
-	ct1, err := initResult.EKey.Encrypt(nil, nil, []byte("three messages"))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	pt1, err := respResult.DKey.Decrypt(nil, nil, ct1)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte("three messages"), pt1)
-}
-
-// NOTE: ErrIncompleteHandshake is tested implicitly. It can't be triggered with
-// IX since the cert is always in the payload. A 3-message pattern test (HybridIX)
-// should exercise the case where cert arrives in msg3 and verify that completing
-// without it fails.
-
-func TestMachineExpiredCert(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519,
-		time.Now().Add(-24*time.Hour), time.Now().Add(24*time.Hour),
-		nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-
-	expCert, _, expKeyPEM, _ := ct.NewTestCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca, caKey,
-		"expired", time.Now().Add(-2*time.Hour), time.Now().Add(-1*time.Hour),
-		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")}, nil, nil,
-	)
-	expKey, _, _, err := cert.UnmarshalPrivateKeyFromPEM(expKeyPEM)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	expHsBytes, err := expCert.MarshalForHandshakes()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	ncs := noise.NewCipherSuite(noise.DH25519, noise.CipherChaChaPoly, noise.HashSHA256)
-
-	expiredCS := &testCertState{
-		version: cert.Version2,
-		creds: map[cert.Version]*Credential{
-			cert.Version2: NewCredential(expCert, expHsBytes, expKey, ncs),
-		},
-	}
-
-	respCS := newTestCertState(
-		t, ca, caKey, "responder",
-		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")},
-	)
-
-	_, respM, _, _, err := initiateHandshake(
-		t, expiredCS, testVerifier(caPool),
-		respCS, testVerifier(caPool),
-	)
-	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "verify cert")
-	assert.True(t, respM.Failed())
-}
-
-func TestMachineNoCertNetworks(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca)
-
-	caHsBytes, err := ca.MarshalForHandshakes()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	ncs := noise.NewCipherSuite(noise.DH25519, noise.CipherChaChaPoly, noise.HashSHA256)
-
-	noNetCS := &testCertState{
-		version: cert.Version2,
-		creds: map[cert.Version]*Credential{
-			cert.Version2: NewCredential(ca, caHsBytes, caKey, ncs),
-		},
-	}
-
-	respCS := newTestCertState(
-		t, ca, caKey, "responder",
-		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")},
-	)
-
-	_, respM, _, _, err := initiateHandshake(
-		t, noNetCS, testVerifier(caPool),
-		respCS, testVerifier(caPool),
-	)
-	require.Error(t, err)
-	assert.True(t, respM.Failed())
-}
-
-func TestMachineDifferentCAs(t *testing.T) {
-	ca1, _, caKey1, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	ca2, _, caKey2, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-
-	initCS := newTestCertState(
-		t, ca1, caKey1, "init",
-		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")},
-	)
-	respCS := newTestCertState(
-		t, ca2, caKey2, "resp",
-		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")},
-	)
-
-	_, respM, _, _, err := initiateHandshake(
-		t, initCS, testVerifier(ct.NewTestCAPool(ca1)),
-		respCS, testVerifier(ct.NewTestCAPool(ca2)),
-	)
-	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "verify cert")
-	assert.True(t, respM.Failed())
-}
-
-func TestMachineVersionNegotiation(t *testing.T) {
-	ca1, _, caKey1, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	ca2, _, caKey2, _ := ct.NewTestCaCert(
-		cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Time{}, time.Time{}, nil, nil, nil,
-	)
-	caPool := ct.NewTestCAPool(ca1, ca2)
-
-	makeMultiVersionResp := func(t *testing.T) *testCertState {
-		t.Helper()
-		respCertV1, _, respKeyPEM, _ := ct.NewTestCert(
-			cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca1, caKey1, "resp",
-			ca1.NotBefore(), ca1.NotAfter(),
-			[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")}, nil, nil,
-		)
-		respKey, _, _, _ := cert.UnmarshalPrivateKeyFromPEM(respKeyPEM)
-		respCertV2, _ := ct.NewTestCertDifferentVersion(respCertV1, cert.Version2, ca2, caKey2)
-		respHsV1, _ := respCertV1.MarshalForHandshakes()
-		respHsV2, _ := respCertV2.MarshalForHandshakes()
-		ncs := noise.NewCipherSuite(noise.DH25519, noise.CipherChaChaPoly, noise.HashSHA256)
-		return &testCertState{
-			version: cert.Version1,
-			creds: map[cert.Version]*Credential{
-				cert.Version1: NewCredential(respCertV1, respHsV1, respKey, ncs),
-				cert.Version2: NewCredential(respCertV2, respHsV2, respKey, ncs),
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	t.Run("responder matches initiator version", func(t *testing.T) {
-		initCS := newTestCertState(
-			t, ca2, caKey2, "init",
-			[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")},
-		)
-		respCS := makeMultiVersionResp(t)
-		v := testVerifier(caPool)
-
-		initM, _, respResult, resp, err := initiateHandshake(
-			t, initCS, v,
-			respCS, v,
-		)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, respResult)
-
-		assert.Equal(t, cert.Version2, respResult.MyCert.Version(),
-			"responder should negotiate to initiator's version")
-
-		_, initResult, err := initM.ProcessPacket(nil, resp)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, initResult)
-		assert.Equal(t, cert.Version2, initResult.RemoteCert.Certificate.Version(),
-			"initiator should see V2 cert from responder")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("responder keeps version when no match available", func(t *testing.T) {
-		initCS := newTestCertState(
-			t, ca2, caKey2, "init",
-			[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")},
-		)
-
-		respCert, _, respKeyPEM, _ := ct.NewTestCert(
-			cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca1, caKey1, "resp",
-			ca1.NotBefore(), ca1.NotAfter(),
-			[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")}, nil, nil,
-		)
-		respKey, _, _, _ := cert.UnmarshalPrivateKeyFromPEM(respKeyPEM)
-		respHs, _ := respCert.MarshalForHandshakes()
-		ncs := noise.NewCipherSuite(noise.DH25519, noise.CipherChaChaPoly, noise.HashSHA256)
-		respCS := &testCertState{
-			version: cert.Version1,
-			creds: map[cert.Version]*Credential{
-				cert.Version1: NewCredential(respCert, respHs, respKey, ncs),
-			},
-		}
-
-		v := testVerifier(caPool)
-		_, _, respResult, _, err := initiateHandshake(
-			t, initCS, v,
-			respCS, v,
-		)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, respResult)
-
-		assert.Equal(t, cert.Version1, respResult.MyCert.Version(),
-			"responder should keep V1 when V2 not available")
-	})
-}

handshake/patterns.go

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-package handshake
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/flynn/noise"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
-)
-
-// msgFlags tracks what application data a handshake message carries.
-type msgFlags struct {
-	expectsPayload bool // message carries indexes and time
-	expectsCert    bool // message carries the certificate
-}
-
-// subtypeInfo bundles the noise pattern with the per-message flags for a
-// given handshake subtype.
-type subtypeInfo struct {
-	pattern noise.HandshakePattern
-	msgs    []msgFlags
-}
-
-// subtypeInfos defines the noise pattern and message content layout for each
-// handshake subtype.
-var subtypeInfos = map[header.MessageSubType]subtypeInfo{
-	// IX: 2 messages, both carry payload and cert
-	header.HandshakeIXPSK0: {
-		pattern: noise.HandshakeIX,
-		msgs: []msgFlags{
-			{expectsPayload: true, expectsCert: true},
-			{expectsPayload: true, expectsCert: true},
-		},
-	},
-
-	// XX: 3 messages
-	//   msg1 (I->R): payload only
-	//   msg2 (R->I): payload + cert
-	//   msg3 (I->R): cert only
-	//header.HandshakeXXPSK0: {
-	//	pattern: noise.HandshakeXX,
-	//	msgs: []msgFlags{
-	//		{expectsPayload: true, expectsCert: false},
-	//		{expectsPayload: true, expectsCert: true},
-	//		{expectsPayload: false, expectsCert: true},
-	//	},
-	//},
-}
-
-func subtypeInfoFor(subtype header.MessageSubType) (subtypeInfo, error) {
-	if info, ok := subtypeInfos[subtype]; ok {
-		return info, nil
-	}
-	return subtypeInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: %d", ErrUnknownSubtype, subtype)
-}

handshake/patterns_test.go

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-package handshake
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/flynn/noise"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestSubtypeInfo(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("IX", func(t *testing.T) {
-		info, err := subtypeInfoFor(header.HandshakeIXPSK0)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, noise.HandshakeIX.Name, info.pattern.Name)
-		require.Len(t, info.msgs, 2)
-		// msg1: payload + cert
-		assert.True(t, info.msgs[0].expectsPayload)
-		assert.True(t, info.msgs[0].expectsCert)
-		// msg2: payload + cert
-		assert.True(t, info.msgs[1].expectsPayload)
-		assert.True(t, info.msgs[1].expectsCert)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("XX", func(t *testing.T) {
-		registerTestXXInfo(t)
-		info, err := subtypeInfoFor(header.HandshakeXXPSK0)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, noise.HandshakeXX.Name, info.pattern.Name)
-		require.Len(t, info.msgs, 3)
-		// msg1: payload only
-		assert.True(t, info.msgs[0].expectsPayload)
-		assert.False(t, info.msgs[0].expectsCert)
-		// msg2: payload + cert
-		assert.True(t, info.msgs[1].expectsPayload)
-		assert.True(t, info.msgs[1].expectsCert)
-		// msg3: cert only
-		assert.False(t, info.msgs[2].expectsPayload)
-		assert.True(t, info.msgs[2].expectsCert)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("unknown subtype returns error", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := subtypeInfoFor(99)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnknownSubtype)
-	})
-}
-
-// registerTestXXInfo temporarily registers XX subtype info for testing.
-func registerTestXXInfo(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Helper()
-	subtypeInfos[header.HandshakeXXPSK0] = subtypeInfo{
-		pattern: noise.HandshakeXX,
-		msgs: []msgFlags{
-			{expectsPayload: true, expectsCert: false},
-			{expectsPayload: true, expectsCert: true},
-			{expectsPayload: false, expectsCert: true},
-		},
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		delete(subtypeInfos, header.HandshakeXXPSK0)
-	})
-}

handshake/payload.go

@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-package handshake
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"math"
-
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protowire"
-)
-
-var (
-	errInvalidHandshakeMessage = errors.New("invalid handshake message")
-	errInvalidHandshakeDetails = errors.New("invalid handshake details")
-)
-
-// Payload represents the decoded fields of a handshake message.
-// Wire format is protobuf-compatible with NebulaHandshake{Details: NebulaHandshakeDetails{...}}.
-type Payload struct {
-	Cert           []byte
-	InitiatorIndex uint32
-	ResponderIndex uint32
-	Time           uint64
-	CertVersion    uint32
-}
-
-// Proto field numbers for NebulaHandshakeDetails
-const (
-	fieldCert           = 1 // bytes
-	fieldInitiatorIndex = 2 // uint32
-	fieldResponderIndex = 3 // uint32
-	fieldTime           = 5 // uint64
-	fieldCertVersion    = 8 // uint32
-)
-
-// MarshalPayload encodes a handshake payload in protobuf wire format compatible
-// with NebulaHandshake{Details: NebulaHandshakeDetails{...}}.
-// Returns out (which may be nil), with the marshalled Payload appended to it.
-func MarshalPayload(out []byte, p Payload) []byte {
-	var details []byte
-
-	if len(p.Cert) > 0 {
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldCert, protowire.BytesType)
-		details = protowire.AppendBytes(details, p.Cert)
-	}
-	if p.InitiatorIndex != 0 {
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldInitiatorIndex, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, uint64(p.InitiatorIndex))
-	}
-	if p.ResponderIndex != 0 {
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldResponderIndex, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, uint64(p.ResponderIndex))
-	}
-	if p.Time != 0 {
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldTime, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, p.Time)
-	}
-	if p.CertVersion != 0 {
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldCertVersion, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, uint64(p.CertVersion))
-	}
-
-	out = protowire.AppendTag(out, 1, protowire.BytesType)
-	out = protowire.AppendBytes(out, details)
-
-	return out
-}
-
-// UnmarshalPayload decodes a protobuf-encoded NebulaHandshake message.
-func UnmarshalPayload(b []byte) (Payload, error) {
-	var p Payload
-
-	for len(b) > 0 {
-		num, typ, n := protowire.ConsumeTag(b)
-		if n < 0 {
-			return p, errInvalidHandshakeMessage
-		}
-		b = b[n:]
-
-		switch {
-		case num == 1 && typ == protowire.BytesType:
-			details, n := protowire.ConsumeBytes(b)
-			if n < 0 {
-				return p, errInvalidHandshakeMessage
-			}
-			b = b[n:]
-			if err := unmarshalPayloadDetails(&p, details); err != nil {
-				return p, err
-			}
-		default:
-			n := protowire.ConsumeFieldValue(num, typ, b)
-			if n < 0 {
-				return p, errInvalidHandshakeMessage
-			}
-			b = b[n:]
-		}
-	}
-
-	return p, nil
-}
-
-func unmarshalPayloadDetails(p *Payload, b []byte) error {
-	for len(b) > 0 {
-		num, typ, n := protowire.ConsumeTag(b)
-		if n < 0 {
-			return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-		}
-		b = b[n:]
-
-		// For known field numbers, reject any non-matching wire type as a
-		// hard error rather than silently skipping. The caller will catch
-		// missing-field cases downstream, but a wire-type mismatch on a tag
-		// we know is a peer protocol violation worth flagging here.
-		// Repeated occurrences of a singular field follow proto3 last-wins.
-		switch num {
-		case fieldCert:
-			if typ != protowire.BytesType {
-				return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-			}
-			v, n := protowire.ConsumeBytes(b)
-			if n < 0 {
-				return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-			}
-			p.Cert = append([]byte(nil), v...)
-			b = b[n:]
-		case fieldInitiatorIndex:
-			if typ != protowire.VarintType {
-				return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-			}
-			v, n := protowire.ConsumeVarint(b)
-			if n < 0 || v > math.MaxUint32 {
-				return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-			}
-			p.InitiatorIndex = uint32(v)
-			b = b[n:]
-		case fieldResponderIndex:
-			if typ != protowire.VarintType {
-				return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-			}
-			v, n := protowire.ConsumeVarint(b)
-			if n < 0 || v > math.MaxUint32 {
-				return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-			}
-			p.ResponderIndex = uint32(v)
-			b = b[n:]
-		case fieldTime:
-			if typ != protowire.VarintType {
-				return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-			}
-			v, n := protowire.ConsumeVarint(b)
-			if n < 0 {
-				return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-			}
-			p.Time = v
-			b = b[n:]
-		case fieldCertVersion:
-			if typ != protowire.VarintType {
-				return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-			}
-			v, n := protowire.ConsumeVarint(b)
-			if n < 0 || v > math.MaxUint32 {
-				return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-			}
-			p.CertVersion = uint32(v)
-			b = b[n:]
-		default:
-			n := protowire.ConsumeFieldValue(num, typ, b)
-			if n < 0 {
-				return errInvalidHandshakeDetails
-			}
-			b = b[n:]
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}

handshake/payload_test.go

@@ -1,361 +0,0 @@
-package handshake
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"math"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protowire"
-)
-
-func TestPayloadRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("all fields set", func(t *testing.T) {
-		data := MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{
-			Cert:           []byte("test-cert-bytes"),
-			CertVersion:    2,
-			InitiatorIndex: 12345,
-			ResponderIndex: 67890,
-			Time:           1234567890,
-		})
-
-		got, err := UnmarshalPayload(data)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		assert.Equal(t, []byte("test-cert-bytes"), got.Cert)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(12345), got.InitiatorIndex)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(67890), got.ResponderIndex)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint64(1234567890), got.Time)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(2), got.CertVersion)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("minimal fields", func(t *testing.T) {
-		data := MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{InitiatorIndex: 1})
-
-		got, err := UnmarshalPayload(data)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(1), got.InitiatorIndex)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(0), got.ResponderIndex)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint64(0), got.Time)
-		assert.Nil(t, got.Cert)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("empty payload", func(t *testing.T) {
-		data := MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{})
-
-		got, err := UnmarshalPayload(data)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(0), got.InitiatorIndex)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("large cert bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		bigCert := make([]byte, 4096)
-		for i := range bigCert {
-			bigCert[i] = byte(i % 256)
-		}
-
-		data := MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{
-			Cert:           bigCert,
-			CertVersion:    2,
-			InitiatorIndex: 999,
-		})
-
-		got, err := UnmarshalPayload(data)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		assert.Equal(t, bigCert, got.Cert)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(999), got.InitiatorIndex)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("append to existing buffer", func(t *testing.T) {
-		prefix := []byte("prefix")
-		data := MarshalPayload(prefix, Payload{InitiatorIndex: 42})
-
-		assert.Equal(t, []byte("prefix"), data[:6])
-
-		got, err := UnmarshalPayload(data[6:])
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(42), got.InitiatorIndex)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestPayloadUnknownFields(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("unknown field in outer message is skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Marshal a normal payload then append an unknown field (field 99, varint)
-		data := MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{InitiatorIndex: 42})
-		data = protowire.AppendTag(data, 99, protowire.VarintType)
-		data = protowire.AppendVarint(data, 12345)
-
-		got, err := UnmarshalPayload(data)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(42), got.InitiatorIndex)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("unknown field in details is skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Build details with a known field + unknown field
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldInitiatorIndex, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, 77)
-		// Unknown field 50, varint
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, 50, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, 9999)
-		// Another known field after the unknown one
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldResponderIndex, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, 88)
-
-		// Wrap in outer message
-		var data []byte
-		data = protowire.AppendTag(data, 1, protowire.BytesType)
-		data = protowire.AppendBytes(data, details)
-
-		got, err := UnmarshalPayload(data)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(77), got.InitiatorIndex)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(88), got.ResponderIndex)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("reserved fields 6 and 7 are skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Fields 6 and 7 are reserved in the proto definition
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldInitiatorIndex, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, 100)
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, 6, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, 1)
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, 7, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, 2)
-
-		var data []byte
-		data = protowire.AppendTag(data, 1, protowire.BytesType)
-		data = protowire.AppendBytes(data, details)
-
-		got, err := UnmarshalPayload(data)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(100), got.InitiatorIndex)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestPayloadBytesConsumed(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("all bytes consumed on valid input", func(t *testing.T) {
-		original := Payload{
-			Cert:           []byte("cert"),
-			CertVersion:    2,
-			InitiatorIndex: 100,
-			ResponderIndex: 200,
-			Time:           999,
-		}
-		data := MarshalPayload(nil, original)
-
-		got, err := UnmarshalPayload(data)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Re-marshal and compare — proves we consumed and reproduced all fields
-		remarshaled := MarshalPayload(nil, got)
-		assert.Equal(t, data, remarshaled)
-	})
-}
-
-// wrapDetails wraps raw detail bytes in the outer NebulaHandshake envelope
-// so UnmarshalPayload can reach unmarshalPayloadDetails.
-func wrapDetails(details []byte) []byte {
-	var out []byte
-	out = protowire.AppendTag(out, 1, protowire.BytesType)
-	out = protowire.AppendBytes(out, details)
-	return out
-}
-
-func TestPayloadUnmarshalErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("nil input", func(t *testing.T) {
-		got, err := UnmarshalPayload(nil)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(0), got.InitiatorIndex)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("truncated outer tag", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload([]byte{0x80})
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("truncated outer details field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload([]byte{0x0a, 0x64, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05})
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("truncated outer unknown field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Valid tag for unknown field 99 varint, but no value follows
-		var data []byte
-		data = protowire.AppendTag(data, 99, protowire.VarintType)
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(data)
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("truncated details tag", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails([]byte{0x80}))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("truncated cert bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Field 1 (cert), bytes type, length 10 but only 2 bytes
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldCert, protowire.BytesType)
-		details = append(details, 0x0a, 0x01, 0x02) // length 10, only 2 bytes
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("truncated initiator index varint", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldInitiatorIndex, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = append(details, 0x80) // incomplete varint
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("truncated responder index varint", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldResponderIndex, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = append(details, 0x80)
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("truncated time varint", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldTime, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = append(details, 0x80)
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("truncated cert version varint", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldCertVersion, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = append(details, 0x80)
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("truncated unknown field in details", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, 50, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = append(details, 0x80) // incomplete varint
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("cert with wrong wire type rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// fieldCert as Varint instead of Bytes.
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldCert, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, 42)
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("initiator index with wrong wire type rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// fieldInitiatorIndex as Bytes instead of Varint.
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldInitiatorIndex, protowire.BytesType)
-		details = protowire.AppendBytes(details, []byte{1, 2, 3})
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("time with wrong wire type rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldTime, protowire.BytesType)
-		details = protowire.AppendBytes(details, []byte{1, 2, 3})
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("cert version with wrong wire type rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldCertVersion, protowire.BytesType)
-		details = protowire.AppendBytes(details, []byte{1, 2, 3})
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("repeated singular field follows proto3 last-wins", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Per proto3, multiple instances of a singular field are accepted and
-		// the last value wins. We keep this behavior so that peers using
-		// alternative encoders aren't rejected.
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldInitiatorIndex, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, 1)
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldInitiatorIndex, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, 42)
-		got, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, uint32(42), got.InitiatorIndex)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("initiator index varint overflow rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldInitiatorIndex, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, math.MaxUint32+1)
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("cert version varint overflow rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var details []byte
-		details = protowire.AppendTag(details, fieldCertVersion, protowire.VarintType)
-		details = protowire.AppendVarint(details, math.MaxUint32+1)
-		_, err := UnmarshalPayload(wrapDetails(details))
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-}
-
-// FuzzPayload feeds arbitrary bytes through UnmarshalPayload to confirm it
-// never panics, and for any input that parses cleanly, that re-marshal +
-// re-parse is a fix-point. Inputs come from an authenticated peer (post-
-// noise-decrypt), so the threat model is "valid peer behaving arbitrarily,"
-// not "unauthenticated injection."
-func FuzzPayload(f *testing.F) {
-	// Seed corpus with a handful of known-good shapes.
-	f.Add(MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{}))
-	f.Add(MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{Cert: []byte{1, 2, 3}, CertVersion: 2}))
-	f.Add(MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{InitiatorIndex: 42, Time: 1}))
-	f.Add(MarshalPayload(nil, Payload{
-		Cert:           []byte("seed-cert"),
-		InitiatorIndex: 1,
-		ResponderIndex: 2,
-		Time:           3,
-		CertVersion:    2,
-	}))
-	f.Add([]byte{})
-	f.Add([]byte{0xff})
-
-	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, data []byte) {
-		p1, err := UnmarshalPayload(data)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-
-		// For any input that parses, re-marshaling and re-parsing must
-		// yield an equivalent Payload. This catches dispatch bugs (e.g.
-		// emitting a field on marshal that we don't accept on parse) and
-		// any non-idempotent parsing behavior.
-		b2 := MarshalPayload(nil, p1)
-		p2, err := UnmarshalPayload(b2)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("re-parse of self-marshaled payload failed: %v\nintermediate: %x\n", err, b2)
-		}
-		if !payloadsEqual(p1, p2) {
-			t.Fatalf("re-marshal not idempotent\nfirst:  %+v\nsecond: %+v", p1, p2)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func payloadsEqual(a, b Payload) bool {
-	return bytes.Equal(a.Cert, b.Cert) &&
-		a.InitiatorIndex == b.InitiatorIndex &&
-		a.ResponderIndex == b.ResponderIndex &&
-		a.Time == b.Time &&
-		a.CertVersion == b.CertVersion
-}

handshake_ix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+package nebula
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/flynn/noise"
+	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
+	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
+)
+
+// NOISE IX Handshakes
+
+// This function constructs a handshake packet, but does not actually send it
+// Sending is done by the handshake manager
+func ixHandshakeStage0(f *Interface, hh *HandshakeHostInfo) bool {
+	err := f.handshakeManager.allocateIndex(hh)
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed to generate index",
+			"error", err,
+			"vpnAddrs", hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 0, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	cs := f.pki.getCertState()
+	v := cs.initiatingVersion
+	if hh.initiatingVersionOverride != cert.VersionPre1 {
+		v = hh.initiatingVersionOverride
+	} else if v < cert.Version2 {
+		// If we're connecting to a v6 address we should encourage use of a V2 cert
+		for _, a := range hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs {
+			if a.Is6() {
+				v = cert.Version2
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	crt := cs.getCertificate(v)
+	if crt == nil {
+		f.l.Error("Unable to handshake with host because no certificate is available",
+			"vpnAddrs", hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 0, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+			"certVersion", v,
+		)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	crtHs := cs.getHandshakeBytes(v)
+	if crtHs == nil {
+		f.l.Error("Unable to handshake with host because no certificate handshake bytes is available",
+			"vpnAddrs", hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 0, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+			"certVersion", v,
+		)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	ci, err := NewConnectionState(cs, crt, true, noise.HandshakeIX)
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed to create connection state",
+			"error", err,
+			"vpnAddrs", hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 0, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+			"certVersion", v,
+		)
+		return false
+	}
+	hh.hostinfo.ConnectionState = ci
+
+	hs := &NebulaHandshake{
+		Details: &NebulaHandshakeDetails{
+			InitiatorIndex: hh.hostinfo.localIndexId,
+			Time:           uint64(time.Now().UnixNano()),
+			Cert:           crtHs,
+			CertVersion:    uint32(v),
+		},
+	}
+
+	hsBytes, err := hs.Marshal()
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed to marshal handshake message",
+			"error", err,
+			"vpnAddrs", hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"certVersion", v,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 0, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	h := header.Encode(make([]byte, header.Len), header.Version, header.Handshake, header.HandshakeIXPSK0, 0, 1)
+
+	msg, _, _, err := ci.H.WriteMessage(h, hsBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed to call noise.WriteMessage",
+			"error", err,
+			"vpnAddrs", hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 0, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// We are sending handshake packet 1, so we don't expect to receive
+	// handshake packet 1 from the responder
+	ci.window.Update(f.l, 1)
+
+	hh.hostinfo.HandshakePacket[0] = msg
+	hh.ready = true
+	return true
+}
+
+func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, via ViaSender, packet []byte, h *header.H) {
+	cs := f.pki.getCertState()
+	crt := cs.GetDefaultCertificate()
+	if crt == nil {
+		f.l.Error("Unable to handshake with host because no certificate is available",
+			"from", via,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 0, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+			"certVersion", cs.initiatingVersion,
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ci, err := NewConnectionState(cs, crt, false, noise.HandshakeIX)
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed to create connection state",
+			"error", err,
+			"from", via,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Mark packet 1 as seen so it doesn't show up as missed
+	ci.window.Update(f.l, 1)
+
+	msg, _, _, err := ci.H.ReadMessage(nil, packet[header.Len:])
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed to call noise.ReadMessage",
+			"error", err,
+			"from", via,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	hs := &NebulaHandshake{}
+	err = hs.Unmarshal(msg)
+	if err != nil || hs.Details == nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed unmarshal handshake message",
+			"error", err,
+			"from", via,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	rc, err := cert.Recombine(cert.Version(hs.Details.CertVersion), hs.Details.Cert, ci.H.PeerStatic(), ci.Curve())
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Info("Handshake did not contain a certificate",
+			"error", err,
+			"from", via,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	remoteCert, err := f.pki.GetCAPool().VerifyCertificate(time.Now(), rc)
+	if err != nil {
+		fp, fperr := rc.Fingerprint()
+		if fperr != nil {
+			fp = "<error generating certificate fingerprint>"
+		}
+
+		attrs := []slog.Attr{
+			slog.Any("error", err),
+			slog.Any("from", via),
+			slog.Any("handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"}),
+			slog.Any("certVpnNetworks", rc.Networks()),
+			slog.String("certFingerprint", fp),
+		}
+		if f.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
+			attrs = append(attrs, slog.Any("cert", rc))
+		}
+
+		// LogAttrs is intentional: attrs is a pre-built []slog.Attr slice that
+		// callers grow conditionally, which has no pair-form equivalent.
+		//nolint:sloglint
+		f.l.LogAttrs(context.Background(), slog.LevelInfo, "Invalid certificate from host", attrs...)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !bytes.Equal(remoteCert.Certificate.PublicKey(), ci.H.PeerStatic()) {
+		f.l.Info("public key mismatch between certificate and handshake",
+			"from", via,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+			"cert", remoteCert,
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if remoteCert.Certificate.Version() != ci.myCert.Version() {
+		// We started off using the wrong certificate version, lets see if we can match the version that was sent to us
+		myCertOtherVersion := cs.getCertificate(remoteCert.Certificate.Version())
+		if myCertOtherVersion == nil {
+			if f.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
+				f.l.Debug("Might be unable to handshake with host due to missing certificate version",
+					"error", err,
+					"from", via,
+					"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+					"cert", remoteCert,
+				)
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Record the certificate we are actually using
+			ci.myCert = myCertOtherVersion
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(remoteCert.Certificate.Networks()) == 0 {
+		f.l.Info("No networks in certificate",
+			"error", err,
+			"from", via,
+			"cert", remoteCert,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	certName := remoteCert.Certificate.Name()
+	certVersion := remoteCert.Certificate.Version()
+	fingerprint := remoteCert.Fingerprint
+	issuer := remoteCert.Certificate.Issuer()
+	vpnNetworks := remoteCert.Certificate.Networks()
+
+	anyVpnAddrsInCommon := false
+	vpnAddrs := make([]netip.Addr, len(vpnNetworks))
+	for i, network := range vpnNetworks {
+		if f.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
+			f.l.Error("Refusing to handshake with myself",
+				"vpnNetworks", vpnNetworks,
+				"from", via,
+				"certName", certName,
+				"certVersion", certVersion,
+				"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+				"issuer", issuer,
+				"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+			)
+			return
+		}
+		vpnAddrs[i] = network.Addr()
+		if f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
+			anyVpnAddrsInCommon = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !via.IsRelayed {
+		// We only want to apply the remote allow list for direct tunnels here
+		if !f.lightHouse.GetRemoteAllowList().AllowAll(vpnAddrs, via.UdpAddr.Addr()) {
+			if f.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
+				f.l.Debug("lighthouse.remote_allow_list denied incoming handshake",
+					"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs,
+					"from", via,
+				)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	myIndex, err := generateIndex(f.l)
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed to generate index",
+			"error", err,
+			"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs,
+			"from", via,
+			"certName", certName,
+			"certVersion", certVersion,
+			"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+			"issuer", issuer,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	hostinfo := &HostInfo{
+		ConnectionState:   ci,
+		localIndexId:      myIndex,
+		remoteIndexId:     hs.Details.InitiatorIndex,
+		vpnAddrs:          vpnAddrs,
+		HandshakePacket:   make(map[uint8][]byte, 0),
+		lastHandshakeTime: hs.Details.Time,
+		relayState: RelayState{
+			relays:         nil,
+			relayForByAddr: map[netip.Addr]*Relay{},
+			relayForByIdx:  map[uint32]*Relay{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgRxL := f.l.With(
+		"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs,
+		"from", via,
+		"certName", certName,
+		"certVersion", certVersion,
+		"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+		"issuer", issuer,
+		"initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex,
+		"responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex,
+		"remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex,
+		"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+	)
+
+	if anyVpnAddrsInCommon {
+		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received")
+	} else {
+		//todo warn if not lighthouse or relay?
+		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received, but no vpnNetworks in common.")
+	}
+
+	hs.Details.ResponderIndex = myIndex
+	hs.Details.Cert = cs.getHandshakeBytes(ci.myCert.Version())
+	if hs.Details.Cert == nil {
+		msgRxL.Error("Unable to handshake with host because no certificate handshake bytes is available",
+			"myCertVersion", ci.myCert.Version(),
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	hs.Details.CertVersion = uint32(ci.myCert.Version())
+	// Update the time in case their clock is way off from ours
+	hs.Details.Time = uint64(time.Now().UnixNano())
+
+	hsBytes, err := hs.Marshal()
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed to marshal handshake message",
+			"error", err,
+			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"from", via,
+			"certName", certName,
+			"certVersion", certVersion,
+			"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+			"issuer", issuer,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	nh := header.Encode(make([]byte, header.Len), header.Version, header.Handshake, header.HandshakeIXPSK0, hs.Details.InitiatorIndex, 2)
+	msg, dKey, eKey, err := ci.H.WriteMessage(nh, hsBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed to call noise.WriteMessage",
+			"error", err,
+			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"from", via,
+			"certName", certName,
+			"certVersion", certVersion,
+			"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+			"issuer", issuer,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return
+	} else if dKey == nil || eKey == nil {
+		f.l.Error("Noise did not arrive at a key",
+			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"from", via,
+			"certName", certName,
+			"certVersion", certVersion,
+			"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+			"issuer", issuer,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	hostinfo.HandshakePacket[0] = make([]byte, len(packet[header.Len:]))
+	copy(hostinfo.HandshakePacket[0], packet[header.Len:])
+
+	// Regardless of whether you are the sender or receiver, you should arrive here
+	// and complete standing up the connection.
+	hostinfo.HandshakePacket[2] = make([]byte, len(msg))
+	copy(hostinfo.HandshakePacket[2], msg)
+
+	// We are sending handshake packet 2, so we don't expect to receive
+	// handshake packet 2 from the initiator.
+	ci.window.Update(f.l, 2)
+
+	ci.peerCert = remoteCert
+	ci.dKey = NewNebulaCipherState(dKey)
+	ci.eKey = NewNebulaCipherState(eKey)
+
+	hostinfo.remotes = f.lightHouse.QueryCache(vpnAddrs)
+	if !via.IsRelayed {
+		hostinfo.SetRemote(via.UdpAddr)
+	}
+	hostinfo.buildNetworks(f.myVpnNetworksTable, remoteCert.Certificate)
+
+	existing, err := f.handshakeManager.CheckAndComplete(hostinfo, 0, f)
+	if err != nil {
+		switch err {
+		case ErrAlreadySeen:
+			// Update remote if preferred
+			if existing.SetRemoteIfPreferred(f.hostMap, via) {
+				// Send a test packet to ensure the other side has also switched to
+				// the preferred remote
+				f.SendMessageToVpnAddr(header.Test, header.TestRequest, vpnAddrs[0], []byte(""), make([]byte, 12, 12), make([]byte, mtu))
+			}
+
+			msg = existing.HandshakePacket[2]
+			f.messageMetrics.Tx(header.Handshake, header.MessageSubType(msg[1]), 1)
+			if !via.IsRelayed {
+				err := f.outside.WriteTo(msg, via.UdpAddr)
+				if err != nil {
+					f.l.Error("Failed to send handshake message",
+						"vpnAddrs", existing.vpnAddrs,
+						"from", via,
+						"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+						"cached", true,
+						"error", err,
+					)
+				} else {
+					f.l.Info("Handshake message sent",
+						"vpnAddrs", existing.vpnAddrs,
+						"from", via,
+						"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+						"cached", true,
+					)
+				}
+				return
+			} else {
+				if via.relay == nil {
+					f.l.Error("Handshake send failed: both addr and via.relay are nil.")
+					return
+				}
+				hostinfo.relayState.InsertRelayTo(via.relayHI.vpnAddrs[0])
+				f.SendVia(via.relayHI, via.relay, msg, make([]byte, 12), make([]byte, mtu), false)
+				f.l.Info("Handshake message sent",
+					"vpnAddrs", existing.vpnAddrs,
+					"relay", via.relayHI.vpnAddrs[0],
+					"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+					"cached", true,
+				)
+				return
+			}
+		case ErrExistingHostInfo:
+			// This means there was an existing tunnel and this handshake was older than the one we are currently based on
+			f.l.Info("Handshake too old",
+				"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs,
+				"from", via,
+				"certName", certName,
+				"certVersion", certVersion,
+				"oldHandshakeTime", existing.lastHandshakeTime,
+				"newHandshakeTime", hostinfo.lastHandshakeTime,
+				"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+				"issuer", issuer,
+				"initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex,
+				"responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex,
+				"remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex,
+				"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+			)
+
+			// Send a test packet to trigger an authenticated tunnel test, this should suss out any lingering tunnel issues
+			f.SendMessageToVpnAddr(header.Test, header.TestRequest, vpnAddrs[0], []byte(""), make([]byte, 12, 12), make([]byte, mtu))
+			return
+		case ErrLocalIndexCollision:
+			// This means we failed to insert because of collision on localIndexId. Just let the next handshake packet retry
+			f.l.Error("Failed to add HostInfo due to localIndex collision",
+				"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs,
+				"from", via,
+				"certName", certName,
+				"certVersion", certVersion,
+				"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+				"issuer", issuer,
+				"initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex,
+				"responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex,
+				"remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex,
+				"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+				"localIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
+				"collision", existing.vpnAddrs,
+			)
+			return
+		default:
+			// Shouldn't happen, but just in case someone adds a new error type to CheckAndComplete
+			// And we forget to update it here
+			f.l.Error("Failed to add HostInfo to HostMap",
+				"error", err,
+				"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs,
+				"from", via,
+				"certName", certName,
+				"certVersion", certVersion,
+				"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+				"issuer", issuer,
+				"initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex,
+				"responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex,
+				"remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex,
+				"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+			)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Do the send
+	f.messageMetrics.Tx(header.Handshake, header.MessageSubType(msg[1]), 1)
+	if !via.IsRelayed {
+		err = f.outside.WriteTo(msg, via.UdpAddr)
+		log := f.l.With(
+			"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs,
+			"from", via,
+			"certName", certName,
+			"certVersion", certVersion,
+			"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+			"issuer", issuer,
+			"initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex,
+			"responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex,
+			"remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("Failed to send handshake", "error", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Info("Handshake message sent")
+		}
+	} else {
+		if via.relay == nil {
+			f.l.Error("Handshake send failed: both addr and via.relay are nil.")
+			return
+		}
+		hostinfo.relayState.InsertRelayTo(via.relayHI.vpnAddrs[0])
+		// I successfully received a handshake. Just in case I marked this tunnel as 'Disestablished', ensure
+		// it's correctly marked as working.
+		via.relayHI.relayState.UpdateRelayForByIdxState(via.remoteIdx, Established)
+		f.SendVia(via.relayHI, via.relay, msg, make([]byte, 12), make([]byte, mtu), false)
+		f.l.Info("Handshake message sent",
+			"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs,
+			"relay", via.relayHI.vpnAddrs[0],
+			"certName", certName,
+			"certVersion", certVersion,
+			"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+			"issuer", issuer,
+			"initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex,
+			"responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex,
+			"remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+	}
+
+	f.connectionManager.AddTrafficWatch(hostinfo)
+
+	hostinfo.remotes.RefreshFromHandshake(vpnAddrs)
+
+	// Don't wait for UpdateWorker
+	if f.lightHouse.IsAnyLighthouseAddr(vpnAddrs) {
+		f.lightHouse.TriggerUpdate()
+	}
+
+	return
+}
+
+func ixHandshakeStage2(f *Interface, via ViaSender, hh *HandshakeHostInfo, packet []byte, h *header.H) bool {
+	if hh == nil {
+		// Nothing here to tear down, got a bogus stage 2 packet
+		return true
+	}
+
+	hh.Lock()
+	defer hh.Unlock()
+
+	hostinfo := hh.hostinfo
+	if !via.IsRelayed {
+		// The vpnAddr we know about is the one we tried to handshake with, use it to apply the remote allow list.
+		if !f.lightHouse.GetRemoteAllowList().AllowAll(hostinfo.vpnAddrs, via.UdpAddr.Addr()) {
+			if f.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
+				f.l.Debug("lighthouse.remote_allow_list denied incoming handshake",
+					"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+					"from", via,
+				)
+			}
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	ci := hostinfo.ConnectionState
+	msg, eKey, dKey, err := ci.H.ReadMessage(nil, packet[header.Len:])
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed to call noise.ReadMessage",
+			"error", err,
+			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"from", via,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+			"header", h,
+		)
+
+		// We don't want to tear down the connection on a bad ReadMessage because it could be an attacker trying
+		// to DOS us. Every other error condition after should to allow a possible good handshake to complete in the
+		// near future
+		return false
+	} else if dKey == nil || eKey == nil {
+		f.l.Error("Noise did not arrive at a key",
+			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"from", via,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+
+		// This should be impossible in IX but just in case, if we get here then there is no chance to recover
+		// the handshake state machine. Tear it down
+		return true
+	}
+
+	hs := &NebulaHandshake{}
+	err = hs.Unmarshal(msg)
+	if err != nil || hs.Details == nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed unmarshal handshake message",
+			"error", err,
+			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"from", via,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+
+		// The handshake state machine is complete, if things break now there is no chance to recover. Tear down and start again
+		return true
+	}
+
+	rc, err := cert.Recombine(cert.Version(hs.Details.CertVersion), hs.Details.Cert, ci.H.PeerStatic(), ci.Curve())
+	if err != nil {
+		f.l.Info("Handshake did not contain a certificate",
+			"error", err,
+			"from", via,
+			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	remoteCert, err := f.pki.GetCAPool().VerifyCertificate(time.Now(), rc)
+	if err != nil {
+		fp, err := rc.Fingerprint()
+		if err != nil {
+			fp = "<error generating certificate fingerprint>"
+		}
+
+		attrs := []slog.Attr{
+			slog.Any("error", err),
+			slog.Any("from", via),
+			slog.Any("vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs),
+			slog.Any("handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"}),
+			slog.String("certFingerprint", fp),
+			slog.Any("certVpnNetworks", rc.Networks()),
+		}
+		if f.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
+			attrs = append(attrs, slog.Any("cert", rc))
+		}
+
+		// LogAttrs is intentional: attrs is a pre-built []slog.Attr slice that
+		// callers grow conditionally, which has no pair-form equivalent.
+		//nolint:sloglint
+		f.l.LogAttrs(context.Background(), slog.LevelInfo, "Invalid certificate from host", attrs...)
+		return true
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(remoteCert.Certificate.PublicKey(), ci.H.PeerStatic()) {
+		f.l.Info("public key mismatch between certificate and handshake",
+			"from", via,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+			"cert", remoteCert,
+		)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if len(remoteCert.Certificate.Networks()) == 0 {
+		f.l.Info("No networks in certificate",
+			"error", err,
+			"from", via,
+			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"cert", remoteCert,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	vpnNetworks := remoteCert.Certificate.Networks()
+	certName := remoteCert.Certificate.Name()
+	certVersion := remoteCert.Certificate.Version()
+	fingerprint := remoteCert.Fingerprint
+	issuer := remoteCert.Certificate.Issuer()
+
+	hostinfo.remoteIndexId = hs.Details.ResponderIndex
+	hostinfo.lastHandshakeTime = hs.Details.Time
+
+	// Store their cert and our symmetric keys
+	ci.peerCert = remoteCert
+	ci.dKey = NewNebulaCipherState(dKey)
+	ci.eKey = NewNebulaCipherState(eKey)
+
+	// Make sure the current udpAddr being used is set for responding
+	if !via.IsRelayed {
+		hostinfo.SetRemote(via.UdpAddr)
+	} else {
+		hostinfo.relayState.InsertRelayTo(via.relayHI.vpnAddrs[0])
+	}
+
+	correctHostResponded := false
+	anyVpnAddrsInCommon := false
+	vpnAddrs := make([]netip.Addr, len(vpnNetworks))
+	for i, network := range vpnNetworks {
+		vpnAddrs[i] = network.Addr()
+		if f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
+			anyVpnAddrsInCommon = true
+		}
+		if hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0] == network.Addr() {
+			// todo is it more correct to see if any of hostinfo.vpnAddrs are in the cert? it should have len==1, but one day it might not?
+			correctHostResponded = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Ensure the right host responded
+	if !correctHostResponded {
+		f.l.Info("Incorrect host responded to handshake",
+			"intendedVpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			"haveVpnNetworks", vpnNetworks,
+			"from", via,
+			"certName", certName,
+			"certVersion", certVersion,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		)
+
+		// Release our old handshake from pending, it should not continue
+		f.handshakeManager.DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
+
+		// Create a new hostinfo/handshake for the intended vpn ip
+		//TODO is hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0] always the address to use?
+		f.handshakeManager.StartHandshake(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], func(newHH *HandshakeHostInfo) {
+			// Block the current used address
+			newHH.hostinfo.remotes = hostinfo.remotes
+			newHH.hostinfo.remotes.BlockRemote(via)
+
+			f.l.Info("Blocked addresses for handshakes",
+				"blockedUdpAddrs", newHH.hostinfo.remotes.CopyBlockedRemotes(),
+				"vpnNetworks", vpnNetworks,
+				"remotes", newHH.hostinfo.remotes.CopyAddrs(f.hostMap.GetPreferredRanges()),
+			)
+
+			// Swap the packet store to benefit the original intended recipient
+			newHH.packetStore = hh.packetStore
+			hh.packetStore = []*cachedPacket{}
+
+			// Finally, put the correct vpn addrs in the host info, tell them to close the tunnel, and return true to tear down
+			hostinfo.vpnAddrs = vpnAddrs
+			f.sendCloseTunnel(hostinfo)
+		})
+
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Mark packet 2 as seen so it doesn't show up as missed
+	ci.window.Update(f.l, 2)
+
+	duration := time.Since(hh.startTime).Nanoseconds()
+	msgRxL := f.l.With(
+		"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs,
+		"from", via,
+		"certName", certName,
+		"certVersion", certVersion,
+		"fingerprint", fingerprint,
+		"issuer", issuer,
+		"initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex,
+		"responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex,
+		"remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex,
+		"handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+		"durationNs", duration,
+		"sentCachedPackets", len(hh.packetStore),
+	)
+	if anyVpnAddrsInCommon {
+		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received")
+	} else {
+		//todo warn if not lighthouse or relay?
+		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received, but no vpnNetworks in common.")
+	}
+
+	// Build up the radix for the firewall if we have subnets in the cert
+	hostinfo.vpnAddrs = vpnAddrs
+	hostinfo.buildNetworks(f.myVpnNetworksTable, remoteCert.Certificate)
+
+	// Complete our handshake and update metrics, this will replace any existing tunnels for the vpnAddrs here
+	f.handshakeManager.Complete(hostinfo, f)
+	f.connectionManager.AddTrafficWatch(hostinfo)
+
+	if f.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
+		hostinfo.logger(f.l).Debug("Sending stored packets",
+			"count", len(hh.packetStore),
+		)
+	}
+
+	if len(hh.packetStore) > 0 {
+		nb := make([]byte, 12, 12)
+		out := make([]byte, mtu)
+		for _, cp := range hh.packetStore {
+			cp.callback(cp.messageType, cp.messageSubType, hostinfo, cp.packet, nb, out)
+		}
+		f.cachedPacketMetrics.sent.Inc(int64(len(hh.packetStore)))
+	}
+
+	hostinfo.remotes.RefreshFromHandshake(vpnAddrs)
+	f.metricHandshakes.Update(duration)
+
+	// Don't wait for UpdateWorker
+	if f.lightHouse.IsAnyLighthouseAddr(vpnAddrs) {
+		f.lightHouse.TriggerUpdate()
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

handshake_manager.go

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/handshake"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
 )
@@ -23,18 +22,7 @@ const (
 	DefaultHandshakeTryInterval   = time.Millisecond * 100
 	DefaultHandshakeRetries       = 10
 	DefaultHandshakeTriggerBuffer = 64
-
-	// maxCachedPackets is how many unsent packets we'll buffer per pending
-	// handshake before dropping further ones.
-	maxCachedPackets = 100
-
-	// HandshakePacket map keys mirror the IX protocol stage convention:
-	//   stage 0 = the initiator's first message (and what the responder
-	//             receives, stripped of header)
-	//   stage 2 = the responder's reply
-	// Other handshake patterns will need new keys when added.
-	handshakePacketStage0 uint8 = 0
-	handshakePacketStage2 uint8 = 2
+	DefaultUseRelays              = true
 )
 
 var (
@@ -42,6 +30,7 @@ var (
 		tryInterval:   DefaultHandshakeTryInterval,
 		retries:       DefaultHandshakeRetries,
 		triggerBuffer: DefaultHandshakeTriggerBuffer,
+		useRelays:     DefaultUseRelays,
 	}
 )
 
@@ -49,6 +38,7 @@ type HandshakeConfig struct {
 	tryInterval   time.Duration
 	retries       int64
 	triggerBuffer int
+	useRelays     bool
 
 	messageMetrics *MessageMetrics
 }
@@ -83,15 +73,13 @@ type HandshakeHostInfo struct {
 	initiatingVersionOverride cert.Version     // Should we use a non-default cert version for this handshake?
 	counter                   int64            // How many attempts have we made so far
 	lastRemotes               []netip.AddrPort // Remotes that we sent to during the previous attempt
-	lastRelays                []netip.Addr     // Relays we attempted to use during the previous attempt
 	packetStore               []*cachedPacket  // A set of packets to be transmitted once the handshake completes
 
 	hostinfo *HostInfo
-	machine  *handshake.Machine // The handshake state machine, set during stage 0 (initiator) or beginHandshake (responder multi-message)
 }
 
 func (hh *HandshakeHostInfo) cachePacket(l *slog.Logger, t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType, packet []byte, f packetCallback, m *cachedPacketMetrics) {
-	if len(hh.packetStore) < maxCachedPackets {
+	if len(hh.packetStore) < 100 {
 		tempPacket := make([]byte, len(packet))
 		copy(tempPacket, packet)
 
@@ -149,18 +137,6 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) Run(ctx context.Context) {
 }
 
 func (hm *HandshakeManager) HandleIncoming(via ViaSender, packet []byte, h *header.H) {
-	// Gate on known handshake subtypes. Unknown subtypes (or future ones we
-	// don't yet support) are dropped here rather than silently routed through
-	// the IX path. Add a case when introducing a new pattern.
-	switch h.Subtype {
-	case header.HandshakeIXPSK0:
-		// supported
-	default:
-		hm.l.Debug("dropping handshake with unsupported subtype",
-			"from", via, "subtype", h.Subtype)
-		return
-	}
-
 	// First remote allow list check before we know the vpnIp
 	if !via.IsRelayed {
 		if !hm.lightHouse.GetRemoteAllowList().AllowUnknownVpnAddr(via.UdpAddr.Addr()) {
@@ -169,27 +145,19 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) HandleIncoming(via ViaSender, packet []byte, h *head
 		}
 	}
 
-	// First message of a new handshake. The wire format requires RemoteIndex
-	// to be zero here (the initiator has no responder index to fill in yet),
-	// and generateIndex never allocates 0, so any non-zero RemoteIndex on a
-	// stage-1 packet is malformed or someone probing for an index collision.
-	// Drop without paying the cost of running noise on a pending Machine.
-	if h.MessageCounter == 1 {
-		if h.RemoteIndex != 0 {
-			hm.l.Debug("dropping stage-1 handshake with non-zero RemoteIndex",
-				"from", via, "remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex)
-			return
-		}
-		hm.beginHandshake(via, packet, h)
-		return
-	}
+	switch h.Subtype {
+	case header.HandshakeIXPSK0:
+		switch h.MessageCounter {
+		case 1:
+			ixHandshakeStage1(hm.f, via, packet, h)
 
-	// Continuation message must match a pending handshake by index.
-	// Anything else is an orphaned packet (e.g., late retransmit after
-	// timeout) and is dropped.
-	if hh := hm.queryIndex(h.RemoteIndex); hh != nil {
-		hm.continueHandshake(via, hh, packet)
-		return
+		case 2:
+			newHostinfo := hm.queryIndex(h.RemoteIndex)
+			tearDown := ixHandshakeStage2(hm.f, via, newHostinfo, packet, h)
+			if tearDown && newHostinfo != nil {
+				hm.DeleteHostInfo(newHostinfo.hostinfo)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -215,21 +183,13 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) handleOutbound(vpnIp netip.Addr, lighthouseTriggered
 	hostinfo := hh.hostinfo
 	// If we are out of time, clean up
 	if hh.counter >= hm.config.retries {
-		fields := []any{
+		hh.hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Handshake timed out",
 			"udpAddrs", hh.hostinfo.remotes.CopyAddrs(hm.mainHostMap.GetPreferredRanges()),
 			"initiatorIndex", hh.hostinfo.localIndexId,
+			"remoteIndex", hh.hostinfo.remoteIndexId,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
 			"durationNs", time.Since(hh.startTime).Nanoseconds(),
-		}
-		// hh.machine can be nil here if buildStage0Packet never succeeded
-		// (e.g., no certificate available). In that case there's no useful
-		// handshake metadata to log.
-		if hh.machine != nil {
-			fields = append(fields, "handshake", m{
-				"stage": uint64(hh.machine.MessageIndex()),
-				"style": header.SubTypeName(header.Handshake, hh.machine.Subtype()),
-			})
-		}
-		hh.hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Handshake timed out", fields...)
+		)
 		hm.metricTimedOut.Inc(1)
 		hm.DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
 		return
@@ -240,25 +200,12 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) handleOutbound(vpnIp netip.Addr, lighthouseTriggered
 
 	// Check if we have a handshake packet to transmit yet
 	if !hh.ready {
-		if !hm.buildStage0Packet(hh) {
+		if !ixHandshakeStage0(hm.f, hh) {
 			hm.OutboundHandshakeTimer.Add(vpnIp, hm.config.tryInterval*time.Duration(hh.counter))
 			return
 		}
 	}
 
-	// TODO: this hardcodes "always retransmit stage 0", which is correct for
-	// IX (the initiator only ever sends one packet, msg1) but wrong the
-	// moment a 3+ message pattern lands. The retry loop should resend the
-	// most recent outgoing message, not always stage 0. That implies
-	// HandshakeHostInfo tracking a single "currentOutbound" packet (bytes +
-	// header metadata) that gets replaced as the handshake progresses,
-	// instead of indexing into HandshakePacket.
-	stage0 := hostinfo.HandshakePacket[handshakePacketStage0]
-	hsFields := m{
-		"stage": uint64(hh.machine.MessageIndex()),
-		"style": header.SubTypeName(header.Handshake, hh.machine.Subtype()),
-	}
-
 	// Get a remotes object if we don't already have one.
 	// This is mainly to protect us as this should never be the case
 	// NB ^ This comment doesn't jive. It's how the thing gets initialized.
@@ -292,19 +239,13 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) handleOutbound(vpnIp netip.Addr, lighthouseTriggered
 	// Send the handshake to all known ips, stage 2 takes care of assigning the hostinfo.remote based on the first to reply
 	var sentTo []netip.AddrPort
 	hostinfo.remotes.ForEach(hm.mainHostMap.GetPreferredRanges(), func(addr netip.AddrPort, _ bool) {
-		hm.messageMetrics.Tx(header.Handshake, hh.machine.Subtype(), 1)
-		err := hm.outside.WriteTo(stage0, addr)
+		hm.messageMetrics.Tx(header.Handshake, header.MessageSubType(hostinfo.HandshakePacket[0][1]), 1)
+		err := hm.outside.WriteTo(hostinfo.HandshakePacket[0], addr)
 		if err != nil {
-			// These repeat every attempt, so match the success log below and only shout when the remotes changed
-			level := slog.LevelDebug
-			if remotesHaveChanged {
-				level = slog.LevelError
-			}
-
-			hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Log(context.Background(), level, "Failed to send handshake message",
+			hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Failed to send handshake message",
 				"udpAddr", addr,
 				"initiatorIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
-				"handshake", hsFields,
+				"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
 				"error", err,
 			)
 
@@ -319,17 +260,156 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) handleOutbound(vpnIp netip.Addr, lighthouseTriggered
 		hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Handshake message sent",
 			"udpAddrs", sentTo,
 			"initiatorIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
-			"handshake", hsFields,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
 		)
 	} else if hm.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
 		hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Debug("Handshake message sent",
 			"udpAddrs", sentTo,
 			"initiatorIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
-			"handshake", hsFields,
+			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
 		)
 	}
 
-	hm.f.relayManager.StartRelays(hm.f, vpnIp, hh, stage0)
+	if hm.config.useRelays && len(hostinfo.remotes.relays) > 0 {
+		hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Attempt to relay through hosts", "relays", hostinfo.remotes.relays)
+		// Send a RelayRequest to all known Relay IP's
+		for _, relay := range hostinfo.remotes.relays {
+			// Don't relay through the host I'm trying to connect to
+			if relay == vpnIp {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Don't relay to myself
+			if hm.f.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(relay) {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			relayHostInfo := hm.mainHostMap.QueryVpnAddr(relay)
+			if relayHostInfo == nil || !relayHostInfo.remote.IsValid() {
+				hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Establish tunnel to relay target", "relay", relay.String())
+				hm.f.Handshake(relay)
+				continue
+			}
+			// Check the relay HostInfo to see if we already established a relay through
+			existingRelay, ok := relayHostInfo.relayState.QueryRelayForByIp(vpnIp)
+			if !ok {
+				// No relays exist or requested yet.
+				if relayHostInfo.remote.IsValid() {
+					idx, err := AddRelay(hm.l, relayHostInfo, hm.mainHostMap, vpnIp, nil, TerminalType, Requested)
+					if err != nil {
+						hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Failed to add relay to hostmap", "relay", relay.String(), "error", err)
+					}
+
+					m := NebulaControl{
+						Type:                NebulaControl_CreateRelayRequest,
+						InitiatorRelayIndex: idx,
+					}
+
+					switch relayHostInfo.GetCert().Certificate.Version() {
+					case cert.Version1:
+						if !hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0].Is4() {
+							hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("can not establish v1 relay with a v6 network because the relay is not running a current nebula version")
+							continue
+						}
+
+						if !vpnIp.Is4() {
+							hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("can not establish v1 relay with a v6 remote network because the relay is not running a current nebula version")
+							continue
+						}
+
+						b := hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0].As4()
+						m.OldRelayFromAddr = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
+						b = vpnIp.As4()
+						m.OldRelayToAddr = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
+					case cert.Version2:
+						m.RelayFromAddr = netAddrToProtoAddr(hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0])
+						m.RelayToAddr = netAddrToProtoAddr(vpnIp)
+					default:
+						hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Unknown certificate version found while creating relay")
+						continue
+					}
+
+					msg, err := m.Marshal()
+					if err != nil {
+						hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Failed to marshal Control message to create relay", "error", err)
+					} else {
+						hm.f.SendMessageToHostInfo(header.Control, 0, relayHostInfo, msg, make([]byte, 12), make([]byte, mtu))
+						hm.l.Info("send CreateRelayRequest",
+							"relayFrom", hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0],
+							"relayTo", vpnIp,
+							"initiatorRelayIndex", idx,
+							"relay", relay,
+						)
+					}
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+
+			switch existingRelay.State {
+			case Established:
+				hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Send handshake via relay", "relay", relay.String())
+				hm.f.SendVia(relayHostInfo, existingRelay, hostinfo.HandshakePacket[0], make([]byte, 12), make([]byte, mtu), false)
+			case Disestablished:
+				// Mark this relay as 'requested'
+				relayHostInfo.relayState.UpdateRelayForByIpState(vpnIp, Requested)
+				fallthrough
+			case Requested:
+				hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Re-send CreateRelay request", "relay", relay.String())
+				// Re-send the CreateRelay request, in case the previous one was lost.
+				m := NebulaControl{
+					Type:                NebulaControl_CreateRelayRequest,
+					InitiatorRelayIndex: existingRelay.LocalIndex,
+				}
+
+				switch relayHostInfo.GetCert().Certificate.Version() {
+				case cert.Version1:
+					if !hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0].Is4() {
+						hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("can not establish v1 relay with a v6 network because the relay is not running a current nebula version")
+						continue
+					}
+
+					if !vpnIp.Is4() {
+						hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("can not establish v1 relay with a v6 remote network because the relay is not running a current nebula version")
+						continue
+					}
+
+					b := hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0].As4()
+					m.OldRelayFromAddr = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
+					b = vpnIp.As4()
+					m.OldRelayToAddr = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
+				case cert.Version2:
+					m.RelayFromAddr = netAddrToProtoAddr(hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0])
+					m.RelayToAddr = netAddrToProtoAddr(vpnIp)
+				default:
+					hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Unknown certificate version found while creating relay")
+					continue
+				}
+				msg, err := m.Marshal()
+				if err != nil {
+					hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Failed to marshal Control message to create relay", "error", err)
+				} else {
+					// This must send over the hostinfo, not over hm.Hosts[ip]
+					hm.f.SendMessageToHostInfo(header.Control, 0, relayHostInfo, msg, make([]byte, 12), make([]byte, mtu))
+					hm.l.Info("send CreateRelayRequest",
+						"relayFrom", hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0],
+						"relayTo", vpnIp,
+						"initiatorRelayIndex", existingRelay.LocalIndex,
+						"relay", relay,
+					)
+				}
+			case PeerRequested:
+				// PeerRequested only occurs in Forwarding relays, not Terminal relays, and this is a Terminal relay case.
+				fallthrough
+			default:
+				hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Relay unexpected state",
+					"vpnIp", vpnIp,
+					"state", existingRelay.State,
+					"relay", relay,
+				)
+
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	// If a lighthouse triggered this attempt then we are still in the timer wheel and do not need to re-add
 	if !lighthouseTriggered {
@@ -436,11 +516,14 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) CheckAndComplete(hostinfo *HostInfo, handshakePacket
 	// Check if we already have a tunnel with this vpn ip
 	existingHostInfo, found := hm.mainHostMap.Hosts[hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0]]
 	if found && existingHostInfo != nil {
-		// Is it just a delayed handshake packet? Check every hostinfo we hold for this address.
-		for _, testHostInfo := range hm.mainHostMap.unlockedGetHostList(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0]) {
+		testHostInfo := existingHostInfo
+		for testHostInfo != nil {
+			// Is it just a delayed handshake packet?
 			if bytes.Equal(hostinfo.HandshakePacket[handshakePacket], testHostInfo.HandshakePacket[handshakePacket]) {
 				return testHostInfo, ErrAlreadySeen
 			}
+
+			testHostInfo = testHostInfo.next
 		}
 
 		// Is this a newer handshake?
@@ -468,6 +551,7 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) CheckAndComplete(hostinfo *HostInfo, handshakePacket
 		// We have a collision, but this can happen since we can't control
 		// the remote ID. Just log about the situation as a note.
 		hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("New host shadows existing host remoteIndex",
+			"remoteIndex", hostinfo.remoteIndexId,
 			"collision", existingRemoteIndex.vpnAddrs,
 		)
 	}
@@ -490,6 +574,7 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) Complete(hostinfo *HostInfo, f *Interface) {
 		// We have a collision, but this can happen since we can't control
 		// the remote ID. Just log about the situation as a note.
 		hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("New host shadows existing host remoteIndex",
+			"remoteIndex", hostinfo.remoteIndexId,
 			"collision", existingRemoteIndex.vpnAddrs,
 		)
 	}
@@ -502,7 +587,7 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) Complete(hostinfo *HostInfo, f *Interface) {
 // allocateIndex generates a unique localIndexId for this HostInfo
 // and adds it to the pendingHostMap. Will error if we are unable to generate
 // a unique localIndexId
-func (hm *HandshakeManager) allocateIndex(hh *HandshakeHostInfo) (uint32, error) {
+func (hm *HandshakeManager) allocateIndex(hh *HandshakeHostInfo) error {
 	hm.mainHostMap.RLock()
 	defer hm.mainHostMap.RUnlock()
 	hm.Lock()
@@ -511,7 +596,7 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) allocateIndex(hh *HandshakeHostInfo) (uint32, error)
 	for range 32 {
 		index, err := generateIndex(hm.l)
 		if err != nil {
-			return 0, err
+			return err
 		}
 
 		_, inPending := hm.indexes[index]
@@ -520,11 +605,11 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) allocateIndex(hh *HandshakeHostInfo) (uint32, error)
 		if !inMain && !inPending {
 			hh.hostinfo.localIndexId = index
 			hm.indexes[index] = hh
-			return index, nil
+			return nil
 		}
 	}
 
-	return 0, errors.New("failed to generate unique localIndexId")
+	return errors.New("failed to generate unique localIndexId")
 }
 
 func (hm *HandshakeManager) DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
@@ -535,10 +620,8 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
 
 func (hm *HandshakeManager) unlockedDeleteHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
 	for _, addr := range hostinfo.vpnAddrs {
-		if cur, ok := hm.vpnIps[addr]; ok && cur.hostinfo == hostinfo {
 		delete(hm.vpnIps, addr)
 	}
-	}
 
 	if len(hm.vpnIps) == 0 {
 		hm.vpnIps = map[netip.Addr]*HandshakeHostInfo{}
@@ -645,522 +728,3 @@ func generateIndex(l *slog.Logger) (uint32, error) {
 func hsTimeout(tries int64, interval time.Duration) time.Duration {
 	return time.Duration(tries / 2 * ((2 * int64(interval)) + (tries-1)*int64(interval)))
 }
-
-// buildStage0Packet creates the initial handshake packet for the initiator.
-func (hm *HandshakeManager) buildStage0Packet(hh *HandshakeHostInfo) bool {
-	cs := hm.f.pki.getCertState()
-	v := cs.DefaultVersion()
-	if hh.initiatingVersionOverride != cert.VersionPre1 {
-		v = hh.initiatingVersionOverride
-	} else if v < cert.Version2 {
-		for _, a := range hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs {
-			if a.Is6() {
-				v = cert.Version2
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	cred := cs.GetCredential(v)
-	if cred == nil {
-		hm.f.l.Error("Unable to handshake with host because no certificate is available",
-			"vpnAddrs", hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs, "certVersion", v)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	machine, err := handshake.NewMachine(
-		v, cs.GetCredential,
-		hm.certVerifier(), func() (uint32, error) { return hm.allocateIndex(hh) },
-		true, header.HandshakeIXPSK0,
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		hm.f.l.Error("Failed to create handshake machine",
-			"vpnAddrs", hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs, "error", err)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	msg, err := machine.Initiate(nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		hm.f.l.Error("Failed to initiate handshake",
-			"vpnAddrs", hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs, "error", err)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// hostinfo.ConnectionState stays nil until the handshake completes in
-	// continueHandshake. Pre-completion control surfaces guard with nil
-	// checks; the data plane never observes a pending hostinfo.
-	hh.hostinfo.HandshakePacket[handshakePacketStage0] = msg
-	hh.machine = machine
-	hh.ready = true
-	return true
-}
-
-// beginHandshake handles an incoming handshake packet that doesn't match any
-// existing pending handshake. It creates a new responder Machine and processes
-// the first message.
-func (hm *HandshakeManager) beginHandshake(via ViaSender, packet []byte, h *header.H) {
-	f := hm.f
-	cs := f.pki.getCertState()
-
-	v := cs.DefaultVersion()
-	if cs.GetCredential(v) == nil {
-		f.l.Error("Unable to handshake with host because no certificate is available",
-			"from", via, "certVersion", v)
-		return
-	}
-
-	machine, err := handshake.NewMachine(
-		v, cs.GetCredential,
-		hm.certVerifier(), func() (uint32, error) { return generateIndex(f.l) },
-		false, header.HandshakeIXPSK0,
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		f.l.Error("Failed to create handshake machine", "from", via, "error", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	response, result, err := machine.ProcessPacket(nil, packet)
-	if err != nil {
-		f.l.Error("Failed to process handshake packet", "from", via, "error", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if result == nil {
-		// Multi-message pattern: the responder Machine would need to be
-		// registered in hm.indexes so a future inbound packet finds it via
-		// continueHandshake. The current manager doesn't do that yet, so
-		// fail loudly rather than silently dropping the in-flight handshake.
-		// TODO: support multi-message responder flows (XX, pqIX, etc.).
-		// See also the IX-shaped cipher key assignment in handshake.Machine.
-		f.l.Error("multi-message handshake responder is not supported",
-			"from", via, "error", handshake.ErrMultiMessageUnsupported)
-		return
-	}
-
-	remoteCert := result.RemoteCert
-	if remoteCert == nil {
-		f.l.Error("Handshake did not produce a peer certificate", "from", via)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Validate peer identity
-	vpnAddrs, anyVpnAddrsInCommon, ok := hm.validatePeerCert(via, remoteCert)
-	if !ok {
-		return
-	}
-
-	hostinfo := &HostInfo{
-		ConnectionState:   newConnectionStateFromResult(result),
-		localIndexId:      result.LocalIndex,
-		remoteIndexId:     result.RemoteIndex,
-		vpnAddrs:          vpnAddrs,
-		HandshakePacket:   make(map[uint8][]byte, 0),
-		lastHandshakeTime: result.HandshakeTime,
-		relayState: RelayState{
-			relays:         nil,
-			relayForByAddr: map[netip.Addr]*Relay{},
-			relayForByIdx:  map[uint32]*Relay{},
-		},
-	}
-
-	msg := "Handshake message received"
-	if !anyVpnAddrsInCommon {
-		msg = "Handshake message received, but no vpnNetworks in common."
-	}
-	f.l.Info(msg,
-		"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs,
-		"from", via,
-		"certName", remoteCert.Certificate.Name(),
-		"certVersion", remoteCert.Certificate.Version(),
-		"fingerprint", remoteCert.Fingerprint,
-		"issuer", remoteCert.Certificate.Issuer(),
-		"initiatorIndex", result.RemoteIndex,
-		"responderIndex", result.LocalIndex,
-		"handshake", m{"stage": uint64(machine.MessageIndex()), "style": header.SubTypeName(header.Handshake, machine.Subtype())},
-	)
-
-	// packet aliases the listener's incoming buffer, so this copy must stay.
-	hostinfo.HandshakePacket[handshakePacketStage0] = make([]byte, len(packet[header.Len:]))
-	copy(hostinfo.HandshakePacket[handshakePacketStage0], packet[header.Len:])
-
-	// response was freshly allocated by ProcessPacket; safe to retain directly.
-	if response != nil {
-		hostinfo.HandshakePacket[handshakePacketStage2] = response
-	}
-
-	hostinfo.remotes = f.lightHouse.QueryCache(vpnAddrs)
-	if !via.IsRelayed {
-		hostinfo.SetRemote(via.UdpAddr)
-	}
-	hostinfo.buildNetworks(f.myVpnNetworksTable, remoteCert.Certificate)
-
-	existing, err := hm.CheckAndComplete(hostinfo, handshakePacketStage0, f)
-	if err != nil {
-		hm.handleCheckAndCompleteError(err, existing, hostinfo, via)
-		return
-	}
-
-	hm.sendHandshakeResponse(via, response, hostinfo, false)
-	hostinfo.remotes.RefreshFromHandshake(vpnAddrs)
-
-	// Don't wait for UpdateWorker
-	if f.lightHouse.IsAnyLighthouseAddr(vpnAddrs) {
-		f.lightHouse.TriggerUpdate()
-	}
-}
-
-// continueHandshake feeds an incoming packet to an existing pending handshake Machine.
-func (hm *HandshakeManager) continueHandshake(via ViaSender, hh *HandshakeHostInfo, packet []byte) {
-	f := hm.f
-
-	hh.Lock()
-	defer hh.Unlock()
-
-	// Re-verify hh is still tracked. Between queryIndex returning and us taking
-	// hh.Lock, handleOutbound may have timed out and deleted it. Once we hold
-	// hh.Lock no other deleter can race our index: handleOutbound also takes
-	// hh.Lock first, and handleRecvError targets a main-hostmap entry with a
-	// different localIndexId.
-	hm.RLock()
-	cur, ok := hm.indexes[hh.hostinfo.localIndexId]
-	hm.RUnlock()
-	if !ok || cur != hh {
-		return
-	}
-
-	hostinfo := hh.hostinfo
-	if !via.IsRelayed {
-		if !f.lightHouse.GetRemoteAllowList().AllowAll(hostinfo.vpnAddrs, via.UdpAddr.Addr()) {
-			f.l.Debug("lighthouse.remote_allow_list denied incoming handshake",
-				"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs, "from", via)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	machine := hh.machine
-	if machine == nil {
-		f.l.Error("No handshake machine available for continuation",
-			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs, "from", via)
-		hm.DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
-		return
-	}
-
-	response, result, err := machine.ProcessPacket(nil, packet)
-	if err != nil {
-		// Recoverable errors are routine noise, log at Debug. Fatal errors get a Warn.
-		if machine.Failed() {
-			f.l.Warn("Failed to process handshake packet, abandoning",
-				"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs, "from", via, "error", err)
-			hm.DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
-		} else {
-			f.l.Debug("Failed to process handshake packet",
-				"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs, "from", via, "error", err)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	if response != nil {
-		hm.sendHandshakeResponse(via, response, hostinfo, false)
-	}
-
-	if result == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Handshake complete; build the ConnectionState now that we have keys and a verified peer cert.
-	hostinfo.ConnectionState = newConnectionStateFromResult(result)
-
-	remoteCert := result.RemoteCert
-	if remoteCert == nil {
-		f.l.Error("Handshake completed without peer certificate",
-			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs, "from", via)
-		hm.DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
-		return
-	}
-
-	vpnNetworks := remoteCert.Certificate.Networks()
-	hostinfo.remoteIndexId = result.RemoteIndex
-	hostinfo.lastHandshakeTime = result.HandshakeTime
-
-	if !via.IsRelayed {
-		hostinfo.SetRemote(via.UdpAddr)
-	} else {
-		hostinfo.relayState.InsertRelayTo(via.relayHI.vpnAddrs[0])
-	}
-
-	// Verify correct host responded (initiator check)
-	vpnAddrs := make([]netip.Addr, len(vpnNetworks))
-	correctHostResponded := false
-	anyVpnAddrsInCommon := false
-	for i, network := range vpnNetworks {
-		// inside.go drops self-routed packets at the firewall stage, but we'd
-		// rather not let a self-handshake complete in the first place: it
-		// wastes a hostmap slot, suppresses no log, and obscures routing
-		// misconfig. Explicit refusal here mirrors the responder-side check
-		// in validatePeerCert.
-		if f.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
-			f.l.Error("Refusing to handshake with myself",
-				"vpnNetworks", vpnNetworks,
-				"from", via,
-				"certName", remoteCert.Certificate.Name(),
-				"certVersion", remoteCert.Certificate.Version(),
-				"fingerprint", remoteCert.Fingerprint,
-				"issuer", remoteCert.Certificate.Issuer(),
-				"handshake", m{"stage": uint64(machine.MessageIndex()), "style": header.SubTypeName(header.Handshake, machine.Subtype())},
-			)
-			hm.DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
-			return
-		}
-		vpnAddrs[i] = network.Addr()
-		if hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0] == network.Addr() {
-			correctHostResponded = true
-		}
-		if f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
-			anyVpnAddrsInCommon = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !correctHostResponded {
-		f.l.Info("Incorrect host responded to handshake",
-			"intendedVpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
-			"haveVpnNetworks", vpnNetworks,
-			"from", via,
-			"certName", remoteCert.Certificate.Name(),
-			"certVersion", remoteCert.Certificate.Version(),
-			"fingerprint", remoteCert.Fingerprint,
-			"issuer", remoteCert.Certificate.Issuer(),
-			"handshake", m{"stage": uint64(machine.MessageIndex()), "style": header.SubTypeName(header.Handshake, machine.Subtype())},
-		)
-
-		hm.DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
-		hm.StartHandshake(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], func(newHH *HandshakeHostInfo) {
-			newHH.hostinfo.remotes = hostinfo.remotes
-			newHH.hostinfo.remotes.BlockRemote(via)
-			newHH.packetStore = hh.packetStore
-			hh.packetStore = []*cachedPacket{}
-			hostinfo.vpnAddrs = vpnAddrs
-			f.sendCloseTunnel(hostinfo)
-		})
-		return
-	}
-
-	duration := time.Since(hh.startTime).Nanoseconds()
-	msg := "Handshake message received"
-	if !anyVpnAddrsInCommon {
-		msg = "Handshake message received, but no vpnNetworks in common."
-	}
-	f.l.Info(msg,
-		"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs,
-		"from", via,
-		"certName", remoteCert.Certificate.Name(),
-		"certVersion", remoteCert.Certificate.Version(),
-		"fingerprint", remoteCert.Fingerprint,
-		"issuer", remoteCert.Certificate.Issuer(),
-		"initiatorIndex", result.LocalIndex,
-		"responderIndex", result.RemoteIndex,
-		"handshake", m{"stage": uint64(machine.MessageIndex()), "style": header.SubTypeName(header.Handshake, machine.Subtype())},
-		"durationNs", duration,
-		"sentCachedPackets", len(hh.packetStore),
-	)
-
-	hostinfo.vpnAddrs = vpnAddrs
-	hostinfo.buildNetworks(f.myVpnNetworksTable, remoteCert.Certificate)
-
-	hm.Complete(hostinfo, f)
-
-	if len(hh.packetStore) > 0 {
-		if f.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
-			hostinfo.logger(f.l).Debug("Sending stored packets", "count", len(hh.packetStore))
-		}
-		nb := make([]byte, 12, 12)
-		out := make([]byte, mtu)
-		for _, cp := range hh.packetStore {
-			cp.callback(cp.messageType, cp.messageSubType, hostinfo, cp.packet, nb, out)
-		}
-		f.cachedPacketMetrics.sent.Inc(int64(len(hh.packetStore)))
-	}
-
-	hostinfo.remotes.RefreshFromHandshake(vpnAddrs)
-	f.metricHandshakes.Update(duration)
-
-	// Don't wait for UpdateWorker
-	if f.lightHouse.IsAnyLighthouseAddr(vpnAddrs) {
-		f.lightHouse.TriggerUpdate()
-	}
-}
-
-// validatePeerCert checks the peer certificate for self-connection and remote allow list.
-// Returns the VPN addrs, whether any of them fall within one of our own VPN
-// networks, and true if valid; false if rejected.
-func (hm *HandshakeManager) validatePeerCert(via ViaSender, remoteCert *cert.CachedCertificate) ([]netip.Addr, bool, bool) {
-	f := hm.f
-	vpnNetworks := remoteCert.Certificate.Networks()
-
-	// The cert package rejects host certs with no networks at parse time, so
-	// reaching this state would mean an invariant was bypassed elsewhere.
-	// Refuse explicitly so downstream code (which indexes vpnAddrs[0]) can't
-	// panic if that invariant ever changes.
-	if len(vpnNetworks) == 0 {
-		f.l.Info("No networks in certificate",
-			"from", via, "cert", remoteCert)
-		return nil, false, false
-	}
-
-	vpnAddrs := make([]netip.Addr, len(vpnNetworks))
-	anyVpnAddrsInCommon := false
-
-	for i, network := range vpnNetworks {
-		if f.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
-			f.l.Error("Refusing to handshake with myself",
-				"vpnNetworks", vpnNetworks,
-				"from", via,
-				"certName", remoteCert.Certificate.Name(),
-				"certVersion", remoteCert.Certificate.Version(),
-				"fingerprint", remoteCert.Fingerprint,
-				"issuer", remoteCert.Certificate.Issuer(),
-			)
-			return nil, false, false
-		}
-		vpnAddrs[i] = network.Addr()
-		if f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
-			anyVpnAddrsInCommon = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !via.IsRelayed {
-		if !f.lightHouse.GetRemoteAllowList().AllowAll(vpnAddrs, via.UdpAddr.Addr()) {
-			f.l.Debug("lighthouse.remote_allow_list denied incoming handshake",
-				"vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs, "from", via)
-			return nil, false, false
-		}
-	}
-
-	return vpnAddrs, anyVpnAddrsInCommon, true
-}
-
-// sendHandshakeResponse sends a handshake response via the appropriate transport.
-// cached is true when msg is a stored response being retransmitted because
-// the peer's stage-1 retransmit landed (the ErrAlreadySeen path); false on a
-// fresh response.
-func (hm *HandshakeManager) sendHandshakeResponse(via ViaSender, msg []byte, hostinfo *HostInfo, cached bool) {
-	if msg == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	f := hm.f
-	f.messageMetrics.Tx(header.Handshake, header.MessageSubType(msg[1]), 1)
-
-	// Common log fields. peerCert may be nil during intermediate
-	// multi-message flows (handshake hasn't completed yet); skip the cert
-	// block if so.
-	logFields := []any{
-		"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
-		"handshake", m{"stage": uint64(2), "style": header.SubTypeName(header.Handshake, header.HandshakeIXPSK0)},
-		"cached", cached,
-		"initiatorIndex", hostinfo.remoteIndexId,
-		"responderIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
-	}
-	if peerCert := hostinfo.ConnectionState.peerCert; peerCert != nil {
-		logFields = append(logFields,
-			"certName", peerCert.Certificate.Name(),
-			"certVersion", peerCert.Certificate.Version(),
-			"fingerprint", peerCert.Fingerprint,
-			"issuer", peerCert.Certificate.Issuer(),
-		)
-	}
-
-	if !via.IsRelayed {
-		fields := append(logFields, "from", via)
-		err := f.outside.WriteTo(msg, via.UdpAddr)
-		if err != nil {
-			f.l.Error("Failed to send handshake message", append(fields, "error", err)...)
-		} else {
-			f.l.Info("Handshake message sent", fields...)
-		}
-	} else {
-		if via.relay == nil {
-			f.l.Error("Handshake send failed: both addr and via.relay are nil.")
-			return
-		}
-		hostinfo.relayState.InsertRelayTo(via.relayHI.vpnAddrs[0])
-		// We received a valid handshake on this relay, so make sure the relay
-		// state reflects that, in case it had been marked Disestablished.
-		via.relayHI.relayState.UpdateRelayForByIdxState(via.relay.LocalIndex, Established)
-		f.SendVia(via.relayHI, via.relay, msg, make([]byte, 12), make([]byte, mtu), false)
-		f.l.Info("Handshake message sent", append(logFields, "relay", via.relayHI.vpnAddrs[0])...)
-	}
-}
-
-// handleCheckAndCompleteError handles errors from CheckAndComplete.
-// This only fires from the responder-side beginHandshake path, after the
-// peer cert has been validated and ConnectionState populated, so peerCert
-// is always non-nil for the cases that log it.
-func (hm *HandshakeManager) handleCheckAndCompleteError(err error, existing, hostinfo *HostInfo, via ViaSender) {
-	f := hm.f
-	peerCert := hostinfo.ConnectionState.peerCert
-	hsFields := m{"stage": uint64(1), "style": header.SubTypeName(header.Handshake, header.HandshakeIXPSK0)}
-
-	switch err {
-	case ErrAlreadySeen:
-		if existing.SetRemoteIfPreferred(f.hostMap, via) {
-			f.SendMessageToVpnAddr(header.Test, header.TestRequest, hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], []byte(""), make([]byte, 12, 12), make([]byte, mtu))
-		}
-		// Resend the original response. The peer is committed to that response's
-		// ephemeral keys; a freshly-built one would have different keys and break
-		// the tunnel even though both sides "completed" the handshake.
-		if msg := existing.HandshakePacket[handshakePacketStage2]; msg != nil {
-			hm.sendHandshakeResponse(via, msg, existing, true)
-		}
-
-	case ErrExistingHostInfo:
-		f.l.Info("Handshake too old",
-			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
-			"from", via,
-			"certName", peerCert.Certificate.Name(),
-			"certVersion", peerCert.Certificate.Version(),
-			"fingerprint", peerCert.Fingerprint,
-			"issuer", peerCert.Certificate.Issuer(),
-			"oldHandshakeTime", existing.lastHandshakeTime,
-			"newHandshakeTime", hostinfo.lastHandshakeTime,
-			"initiatorIndex", hostinfo.remoteIndexId,
-			"responderIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
-			"handshake", hsFields,
-		)
-		f.SendMessageToVpnAddr(header.Test, header.TestRequest, hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], []byte(""), make([]byte, 12, 12), make([]byte, mtu))
-
-	case ErrLocalIndexCollision:
-		f.l.Error("Failed to add HostInfo due to localIndex collision",
-			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
-			"from", via,
-			"certName", peerCert.Certificate.Name(),
-			"certVersion", peerCert.Certificate.Version(),
-			"fingerprint", peerCert.Fingerprint,
-			"issuer", peerCert.Certificate.Issuer(),
-			"localIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
-			"initiatorIndex", hostinfo.remoteIndexId,
-			"responderIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
-			"handshake", hsFields,
-		)
-
-	default:
-		f.l.Error("Failed to add HostInfo to HostMap",
-			"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
-			"from", via,
-			"error", err,
-			"certName", peerCert.Certificate.Name(),
-			"certVersion", peerCert.Certificate.Version(),
-			"fingerprint", peerCert.Fingerprint,
-			"issuer", peerCert.Certificate.Issuer(),
-			"initiatorIndex", hostinfo.remoteIndexId,
-			"responderIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
-			"handshake", hsFields,
-		)
-	}
-}
-
-// certVerifier returns a CertVerifier that validates certs against the current CA pool.
-func (hm *HandshakeManager) certVerifier() handshake.CertVerifier {
-	return func(c cert.Certificate) (*cert.CachedCertificate, error) {
-		return hm.f.pki.GetCAPool().VerifyCertificate(time.Now(), c)
-	}
-}

handshake_manager_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/test"
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ func Test_NewHandshakeManagerVpnIp(t *testing.T) {
 		initiatingVersion: cert.Version1,
 		privateKey:        []byte{},
 		v1Cert:            &dummyCert{version: cert.Version1},
-		v1Credential:      nil,
+		v1HandshakeBytes:  []byte{},
 	}
 
 	blah := NewHandshakeManager(l, mainHM, lh, &udp.NoopConn{}, defaultHandshakeConfig)
@@ -101,137 +100,3 @@ func (mw *mockEncWriter) GetHostInfo(_ netip.Addr) *HostInfo {
 func (mw *mockEncWriter) GetCertState() *CertState {
 	return &CertState{initiatingVersion: cert.Version2}
 }
-
-func TestValidatePeerCert(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-
-	myNetwork := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")
-	myAddrTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	myAddrTable.Insert(netip.PrefixFrom(myNetwork.Addr(), myNetwork.Addr().BitLen()))
-	myNetTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	myNetTable.Insert(myNetwork.Masked())
-
-	newHM := func() *HandshakeManager {
-		hm := NewHandshakeManager(l, newHostMap(l), newTestLighthouse(), &udp.NoopConn{}, defaultHandshakeConfig)
-		hm.f = &Interface{
-			handshakeManager:   hm,
-			pki:                &PKI{},
-			l:                  l,
-			myVpnAddrsTable:    myAddrTable,
-			myVpnNetworksTable: myNetTable,
-			lightHouse:         hm.lightHouse,
-		}
-		return hm
-	}
-
-	cached := func(networks ...netip.Prefix) *cert.CachedCertificate {
-		return &cert.CachedCertificate{
-			Certificate: &dummyCert{name: "peer", networks: networks},
-		}
-	}
-
-	via := ViaSender{
-		UdpAddr:   netip.MustParseAddrPort("198.51.100.7:4242"),
-		IsRelayed: true, // skip the remote allow list (covered separately)
-	}
-
-	t.Run("addr inside our networks sets anyVpnAddrsInCommon", func(t *testing.T) {
-		hm := newHM()
-		// 10.0.0.2 falls inside our 10.0.0.0/24
-		addrs, common, ok := hm.validatePeerCert(via, cached(netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.2/24")))
-		assert.True(t, ok)
-		assert.True(t, common)
-		assert.Equal(t, []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2")}, addrs)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("addr outside our networks leaves anyVpnAddrsInCommon false", func(t *testing.T) {
-		hm := newHM()
-		addrs, common, ok := hm.validatePeerCert(via, cached(netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.5/24")))
-		assert.True(t, ok)
-		assert.False(t, common)
-		assert.Equal(t, []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.5")}, addrs)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("any matching network is enough", func(t *testing.T) {
-		hm := newHM()
-		addrs, common, ok := hm.validatePeerCert(via, cached(
-			netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.5/24"),
-			netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.42/24"),
-		))
-		assert.True(t, ok)
-		assert.True(t, common)
-		assert.Len(t, addrs, 2)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("self-handshake is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
-		hm := newHM()
-		// 10.0.0.1 is in myVpnAddrsTable
-		addrs, common, ok := hm.validatePeerCert(via, cached(netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")))
-		assert.False(t, ok)
-		assert.False(t, common)
-		assert.Nil(t, addrs)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("cert with no networks is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
-		hm := newHM()
-		addrs, common, ok := hm.validatePeerCert(via, cached())
-		assert.False(t, ok)
-		assert.False(t, common)
-		assert.Nil(t, addrs)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestHandleIncomingDispatch(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-
-	newHM := func() *HandshakeManager {
-		hm := NewHandshakeManager(l, newHostMap(l), newTestLighthouse(), &udp.NoopConn{}, defaultHandshakeConfig)
-		hm.f = &Interface{
-			handshakeManager: hm,
-			pki:              &PKI{},
-			l:                l,
-		}
-		return hm
-	}
-
-	via := ViaSender{
-		UdpAddr:   netip.MustParseAddrPort("198.51.100.7:4242"),
-		IsRelayed: true, // bypass remote allow list
-	}
-
-	// A packet body of zero length is fine for these tests: dispatch is
-	// gated on header fields, and we assert that we never reach noise/cert
-	// processing for any of the malformed shapes here.
-	pkt := make([]byte, header.Len)
-
-	t.Run("unsupported subtype dropped", func(t *testing.T) {
-		hm := newHM()
-		h := &header.H{Type: header.Handshake, Subtype: header.MessageSubType(99), MessageCounter: 1}
-		hm.HandleIncoming(via, pkt, h)
-		assert.Empty(t, hm.indexes, "no pending handshake should be created")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("stage-1 with non-zero RemoteIndex dropped", func(t *testing.T) {
-		hm := newHM()
-		h := &header.H{
-			Type:           header.Handshake,
-			Subtype:        header.HandshakeIXPSK0,
-			RemoteIndex:    0xdeadbeef,
-			MessageCounter: 1,
-		}
-		hm.HandleIncoming(via, pkt, h)
-		assert.Empty(t, hm.indexes, "spoofed stage-1 must not create a pending machine")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("continuation with no matching pending index dropped", func(t *testing.T) {
-		hm := newHM()
-		h := &header.H{
-			Type:           header.Handshake,
-			Subtype:        header.HandshakeIXPSK0,
-			RemoteIndex:    0xcafef00d,
-			MessageCounter: 2,
-		}
-		hm.HandleIncoming(via, pkt, h)
-		assert.Empty(t, hm.indexes, "orphan stage-2 must not create state")
-	})
-}

header/header.go

@@ -174,10 +174,6 @@ func (h *H) SubTypeName() string {
 	return SubTypeName(h.Type, h.Subtype)
 }
 
-func (h *H) IsValidSubType() bool {
-	return IsValidSubType(h.Type, h.Subtype)
-}
-
 // SubTypeName will transform a nebula message sub type into a human string
 func SubTypeName(t MessageType, s MessageSubType) string {
 	if n, ok := subTypeMap[t]; ok {
@@ -189,16 +185,6 @@ func SubTypeName(t MessageType, s MessageSubType) string {
 	return "unknown"
 }
 
-func IsValidSubType(t MessageType, s MessageSubType) bool {
-	if n, ok := subTypeMap[t]; ok {
-		if _, ok := (*n)[s]; ok {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
 // NewHeader turns bytes into a header
 func NewHeader(b []byte) (*H, error) {
 	h := new(H)

hostmap.go

@@ -60,16 +60,7 @@ type HostMap struct {
 	Indexes         map[uint32]*HostInfo
 	Relays          map[uint32]*HostInfo // Maps a Relay IDX to a Relay HostInfo object
 	RemoteIndexes   map[uint32]*HostInfo
-	// Hosts maps a vpn address to its primary hostinfo, one entry per address we hold a tunnel
-	// for. moreHosts only has an entry while an address is held by 2 or more hostinfos and stores
-	// the full most-recent-first list; moreHosts[a][0] is always the same hostinfo as Hosts[a].
-	// Each address gets its own independent list, so a hostinfo owning multiple addresses can
-	// never corrupt another address's ordering the way the old shared next/prev chain could.
-	// Entries in moreHosts are only ever written by unlockedSetHostsForAddr; Hosts is written
-	// directly only in the single-hostinfo fast paths where moreHosts is known to have no entry,
-	// and unlockedDeleteHostInfo swaps either map for a fresh one when it fully drains.
 	Hosts           map[netip.Addr]*HostInfo
-	moreHosts       map[netip.Addr][]*HostInfo
 	preferredRanges atomic.Pointer[[]netip.Prefix]
 	l               *slog.Logger
 }
@@ -147,9 +138,9 @@ func (rs *RelayState) InsertRelayTo(ip netip.Addr) {
 }
 
 func (rs *RelayState) CopyRelayIps() []netip.Addr {
+	ret := make([]netip.Addr, len(rs.relays))
 	rs.RLock()
 	defer rs.RUnlock()
-	ret := make([]netip.Addr, len(rs.relays))
 	copy(ret, rs.relays)
 	return ret
 }
@@ -238,7 +229,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 type HostInfo struct {
-	remote          atomic.Pointer[netip.AddrPort]
+	remote          netip.AddrPort
 	remotes         *RemoteList
 	promoteCounter  atomic.Uint32
 	ConnectionState *ConnectionState
@@ -275,6 +266,10 @@ type HostInfo struct {
 	lastRoam       time.Time
 	lastRoamRemote netip.AddrPort
 
+	// Used to track other hostinfos for this vpn ip since only 1 can be primary
+	// Synchronised via hostmap lock and not the hostinfo lock.
+	next, prev *HostInfo
+
 	//TODO: in, out, and others might benefit from being an atomic.Int32. We could collapse connectionManager pendingDeletion, relayUsed, and in/out into this 1 thing
 	in, out, pendingDeletion atomic.Bool
 
@@ -287,6 +282,7 @@ type HostInfo struct {
 type ViaSender struct {
 	UdpAddr   netip.AddrPort
 	relayHI   *HostInfo // relayHI is the host info object of the relay
+	remoteIdx uint32    // remoteIdx is the index included in the header of the received packet
 	relay     *Relay    // relay contains the rest of the relay information, including the PeerIP of the host trying to communicate with us.
 	IsRelayed bool      // IsRelayed is true if the packet was sent through a relay
 }
@@ -338,7 +334,6 @@ func newHostMap(l *slog.Logger) *HostMap {
 		Relays:        map[uint32]*HostInfo{},
 		RemoteIndexes: map[uint32]*HostInfo{},
 		Hosts:         map[netip.Addr]*HostInfo{},
-		moreHosts:     map[netip.Addr][]*HostInfo{},
 		l:             l,
 	}
 }
@@ -387,55 +382,13 @@ func (hm *HostMap) EmitStats() {
 	metrics.GetOrRegisterGauge("hostmap.main.relayIndexes", nil).Update(int64(relaysLen))
 }
 
-// unlockedSetHostsForAddr stores the per-address hostinfo list (list[0] is the primary). An empty
-// list removes the address. This is the one place Hosts and moreHosts are written together, keep
-// it that way. Callers must hold the write lock.
-func (hm *HostMap) unlockedSetHostsForAddr(addr netip.Addr, list []*HostInfo) {
-	if len(list) == 0 {
-		delete(hm.Hosts, addr)
-		delete(hm.moreHosts, addr)
-		return
-	}
-	hm.Hosts[addr] = list[0]
-	if len(list) > 1 {
-		hm.moreHosts[addr] = list
-	} else {
-		delete(hm.moreHosts, addr)
-	}
-}
-
-// unlockedGetHostList returns every hostinfo holding addr, primary first, or nil if we have no
-// tunnel for addr. The common single-hostinfo case builds a fresh one element list, so keep this
-// off the packet hot path; the primary is a direct Hosts read. Callers must hold the lock (read
-// or write).
-func (hm *HostMap) unlockedGetHostList(addr netip.Addr) []*HostInfo {
-	if list, ok := hm.moreHosts[addr]; ok {
-		return list
-	}
-	if h, ok := hm.Hosts[addr]; ok {
-		return []*HostInfo{h}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// removeHostInfo returns list with hi removed (order preserved), or list unchanged if hi is
-// absent. It deletes in place: every mutator holds the hostmap write lock and no reader ever
-// retains a slice across a mutation (readers iterate under RLock), so there is no snapshot to
-// invalidate.
-func removeHostInfo(list []*HostInfo, hi *HostInfo) []*HostInfo {
-	idx := slices.Index(list, hi)
-	if idx < 0 {
-		return list
-	}
-	return slices.Delete(list, idx, idx+1)
-}
-
-// DeleteHostInfo will fully unlink the hostinfo and return true if no other hostinfo still holds
-// any of its vpn addrs, meaning we no longer have a tunnel to the peer
+// DeleteHostInfo will fully unlink the hostinfo and return true if it was the final hostinfo for this vpn ip
 func (hm *HostMap) DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo) bool {
 	// Delete the host itself, ensuring it's not modified anymore
 	hm.Lock()
-	final := hm.unlockedDeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
+	// If we have a previous or next hostinfo then we are not the last one for this vpn ip
+	final := (hostinfo.next == nil && hostinfo.prev == nil)
+	hm.unlockedDeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
 	hm.Unlock()
 
 	return final
@@ -447,67 +400,86 @@ func (hm *HostMap) MakePrimary(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
 	hm.unlockedMakePrimary(hostinfo)
 }
 
-// unlockedMakePrimary reports whether hostinfo is (now) the primary for each of its addresses,
-// false only when it is no longer in the hostmap at all.
-func (hm *HostMap) unlockedMakePrimary(hostinfo *HostInfo) bool {
-	// A hostinfo that is no longer in the hostmap must not be re-inserted here. Callers can race
-	// tunnel teardown, deciding to promote under the read lock and only taking the write lock
-	// after a delete fully unlinked the hostinfo (connection manager swapPrimary, AddRelay). Every
-	// live hostinfo is registered in Indexes by unlockedAddHostInfo, so this is a membership test.
-	if hm.Indexes[hostinfo.localIndexId] != hostinfo {
-		return false
+func (hm *HostMap) unlockedMakePrimary(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
+	// Get the current primary, if it exists
+	oldHostinfo := hm.Hosts[hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0]]
+
+	// Every address in the hostinfo gets elevated to primary
+	for _, vpnAddr := range hostinfo.vpnAddrs {
+		//NOTE: It is possible that we leave a dangling hostinfo here but connection manager works on
+		// indexes so it should be fine.
+		hm.Hosts[vpnAddr] = hostinfo
 	}
 
-	// Move hostinfo to the front (primary) of each of its address lists. The lists are
-	// independent per address, so this can never leave a dangling entry the way promoting
-	// against a single shared chain could.
-	for _, addr := range hostinfo.vpnAddrs {
-		if hm.Hosts[addr] == hostinfo {
-			// Already primary for this address, the list is already in the right order
-			continue
+	// If we are already primary then we won't bother re-linking
+	if oldHostinfo == hostinfo {
+		return
 	}
-		list := removeHostInfo(hm.unlockedGetHostList(addr), hostinfo)
-		list = append([]*HostInfo{hostinfo}, list...)
-		hm.unlockedSetHostsForAddr(addr, list)
+
+	// Unlink this hostinfo
+	if hostinfo.prev != nil {
+		hostinfo.prev.next = hostinfo.next
 	}
-	return true
+	if hostinfo.next != nil {
+		hostinfo.next.prev = hostinfo.prev
+	}
+
+	// If there wasn't a previous primary then clear out any links
+	if oldHostinfo == nil {
+		hostinfo.next = nil
+		hostinfo.prev = nil
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Relink the hostinfo as primary
+	hostinfo.next = oldHostinfo
+	oldHostinfo.prev = hostinfo
+	hostinfo.prev = nil
 }
 
-// unlockedDeleteHostInfo removes hostinfo from every one of its address lists and from the index
-// maps. It returns true if this was the last hostinfo for all of its addresses (we no longer have
-// any tunnel to the peer), which the caller uses to decide whether to clear learned lighthouse
-// state and disestablish relays.
-func (hm *HostMap) unlockedDeleteHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo) bool {
-	// Remove this hostinfo from each of its address lists. The lists are independent, so a
-	// sibling is never promoted to an address it does not own and no other list is touched.
-	final := true
+func (hm *HostMap) unlockedDeleteHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
 	for _, addr := range hostinfo.vpnAddrs {
-		if list, ok := hm.moreHosts[addr]; ok {
-			list = removeHostInfo(list, hostinfo)
-			hm.unlockedSetHostsForAddr(addr, list)
-			if len(list) > 0 {
-				final = false
-			}
-		} else if existing, ok := hm.Hosts[addr]; ok {
-			if existing == hostinfo {
-				// Common case, the only hostinfo for this address. moreHosts has no entry to clean up.
-				delete(hm.Hosts, addr)
-			} else {
-				// We don't hold this address but another hostinfo does, we still have a tunnel to the peer
-				final = false
+		h := hm.Hosts[addr]
+		for h != nil {
+			if h == hostinfo {
+				hm.unlockedInnerDeleteHostInfo(h, addr)
 			}
+			h = h.next
 		}
 	}
+}
 
-	// Go maps never shrink their buckets, replace fully drained maps so a node that churned
-	// through a large peer count gives the memory back. Same idiom as the index maps below.
+func (hm *HostMap) unlockedInnerDeleteHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo, addr netip.Addr) {
+	primary, ok := hm.Hosts[addr]
+	isLastHostinfo := hostinfo.next == nil && hostinfo.prev == nil
+	if ok && primary == hostinfo {
+		// The vpn addr pointer points to the same hostinfo as the local index id, we can remove it
+		delete(hm.Hosts, addr)
 		if len(hm.Hosts) == 0 {
 			hm.Hosts = map[netip.Addr]*HostInfo{}
 		}
-	if len(hm.moreHosts) == 0 {
-		hm.moreHosts = map[netip.Addr][]*HostInfo{}
+
+		if hostinfo.next != nil {
+			// We had more than 1 hostinfo at this vpn addr, promote the next in the list to primary
+			hm.Hosts[addr] = hostinfo.next
+			// It is primary, there is no previous hostinfo now
+			hostinfo.next.prev = nil
 		}
 
+	} else {
+		// Relink if we were in the middle of multiple hostinfos for this vpn addr
+		if hostinfo.prev != nil {
+			hostinfo.prev.next = hostinfo.next
+		}
+
+		if hostinfo.next != nil {
+			hostinfo.next.prev = hostinfo.prev
+		}
+	}
+
+	hostinfo.next = nil
+	hostinfo.prev = nil
+
 	// The remote index uses index ids outside our control so lets make sure we are only removing
 	// the remote index pointer here if it points to the hostinfo we are deleting
 	hostinfo2, ok := hm.RemoteIndexes[hostinfo.remoteIndexId]
@@ -530,7 +502,7 @@ func (hm *HostMap) unlockedDeleteHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo) bool {
 		)
 	}
 
-	if final {
+	if isLastHostinfo {
 		// I have lost connectivity to my peers. My relay tunnel is likely broken. Mark the next
 		// hops as 'Requested' so that new relay tunnels are created in the future.
 		hm.unlockedDisestablishVpnAddrRelayFor(hostinfo)
@@ -539,8 +511,6 @@ func (hm *HostMap) unlockedDeleteHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo) bool {
 	for _, localRelayIdx := range hostinfo.relayState.CopyRelayForIdxs() {
 		delete(hm.Relays, localRelayIdx)
 	}
-
-	return final
 }
 
 func (hm *HostMap) QueryIndex(index uint32) *HostInfo {
@@ -584,30 +554,19 @@ func (hm *HostMap) QueryVpnAddrsRelayFor(targetIps []netip.Addr, relayHostIp net
 	hm.RLock()
 	defer hm.RUnlock()
 
-	// This runs per relayed packet, so check the primary with a single map probe and only consult
-	// moreHosts when the primary can't relay for us.
 	h, ok := hm.Hosts[relayHostIp]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, nil, errors.New("unable to find host")
 	}
 
+	for h != nil {
 		for _, targetIp := range targetIps {
 			r, ok := h.relayState.QueryRelayForByIp(targetIp)
 			if ok && r.State == Established {
 				return h, r, nil
 			}
 		}
-
-	if list, ok := hm.moreHosts[relayHostIp]; ok {
-		// list[0] is the primary we already checked
-		for _, h := range list[1:] {
-			for _, targetIp := range targetIps {
-				r, ok := h.relayState.QueryRelayForByIp(targetIp)
-				if ok && r.State == Established {
-					return h, r, nil
-				}
-			}
-		}
+		h = h.next
 	}
 
 	return nil, nil, errors.New("unable to find host with relay")
@@ -615,14 +574,20 @@ func (hm *HostMap) QueryVpnAddrsRelayFor(targetIps []netip.Addr, relayHostIp net
 
 func (hm *HostMap) unlockedDisestablishVpnAddrRelayFor(hi *HostInfo) {
 	for _, relayHostIp := range hi.relayState.CopyRelayIps() {
-		for _, h := range hm.unlockedGetHostList(relayHostIp) {
+		if h, ok := hm.Hosts[relayHostIp]; ok {
+			for h != nil {
 				h.relayState.UpdateRelayForByIpState(hi.vpnAddrs[0], Disestablished)
+				h = h.next
+			}
 		}
 	}
 	for _, rs := range hi.relayState.CopyAllRelayFor() {
 		if rs.Type == ForwardingType {
-			for _, h := range hm.unlockedGetHostList(rs.PeerAddr) {
+			if h, ok := hm.Hosts[rs.PeerAddr]; ok {
+				for h != nil {
 					h.relayState.UpdateRelayForByIpState(hi.vpnAddrs[0], Disestablished)
+					h = h.next
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -658,11 +623,6 @@ func (hm *HostMap) unlockedAddHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo, f *Interface) {
 	hm.Indexes[hostinfo.localIndexId] = hostinfo
 	hm.RemoteIndexes[hostinfo.remoteIndexId] = hostinfo
 
-	hostinfo.out.Store(true)
-	if f.connectionManager != nil { // f.connectionManager is only nil in some unit tests
-		f.connectionManager.trafficTimer.Add(hostinfo.localIndexId, f.connectionManager.checkInterval)
-	}
-
 	if hm.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
 		hm.l.Debug("Hostmap vpnIp added",
 			"hostMap", m{"vpnAddrs": hostinfo.vpnAddrs, "mapTotalSize": len(hm.Hosts),
@@ -672,27 +632,22 @@ func (hm *HostMap) unlockedAddHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo, f *Interface) {
 }
 
 func (hm *HostMap) unlockedInnerAddHostInfo(vpnAddr netip.Addr, hostinfo *HostInfo, f *Interface) {
-	existing, ok := hm.Hosts[vpnAddr]
-	if !ok {
-		// Common case, the first hostinfo for this address. moreHosts stays empty.
+	existing := hm.Hosts[vpnAddr]
 	hm.Hosts[vpnAddr] = hostinfo
-		return
+
+	if existing != nil && existing != hostinfo {
+		hostinfo.next = existing
+		existing.prev = hostinfo
 	}
 
-	// The new hostinfo becomes the primary for this address. Remove any stale copy of it first so
-	// we never hold a duplicate, then prepend.
-	list, ok := hm.moreHosts[vpnAddr]
-	if !ok {
-		list = []*HostInfo{existing}
+	i := 1
+	check := hostinfo
+	for check != nil {
+		if i > MaxHostInfosPerVpnIp {
+			hm.unlockedDeleteHostInfo(check)
 		}
-	list = removeHostInfo(list, hostinfo)
-	list = append([]*HostInfo{hostinfo}, list...)
-	hm.unlockedSetHostsForAddr(vpnAddr, list)
-
-	// Enforce the per-address cap by fully retiring the oldest hostinfo once we exceed it.
-	// Deleting it removes it from all of its addresses and the index maps, matching prior behavior.
-	if len(list) > MaxHostInfosPerVpnIp {
-		hm.unlockedDeleteHostInfo(list[len(list)-1])
+		check = check.next
+		i++
 	}
 }
 
@@ -724,7 +679,7 @@ func (hm *HostMap) ForEachIndex(f controlEach) {
 func (i *HostInfo) TryPromoteBest(preferredRanges []netip.Prefix, ifce *Interface) {
 	c := i.promoteCounter.Add(1)
 	if c%ifce.tryPromoteEvery.Load() == 0 {
-		remote := i.GetRemote()
+		remote := i.remote
 
 		// return early if we are already on a preferred remote
 		if remote.IsValid() {
@@ -766,18 +721,11 @@ func (i *HostInfo) GetCert() *cert.CachedCertificate {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (i *HostInfo) GetRemote() netip.AddrPort {
-	if p := i.remote.Load(); p != nil {
-		return *p
-	}
-	return netip.AddrPort{}
-}
-
 // TODO: Maybe use ViaSender here?
 func (i *HostInfo) SetRemote(remote netip.AddrPort) {
 	// We copy here because we likely got this remote from a source that reuses the object
-	if i.GetRemote() != remote {
-		i.remote.Store(&remote)
+	if i.remote != remote {
+		i.remote = remote
 		i.remotes.LearnRemote(i.vpnAddrs[0], remote)
 	}
 }
@@ -789,7 +737,7 @@ func (i *HostInfo) SetRemoteIfPreferred(hm *HostMap, via ViaSender) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	currentRemote := i.GetRemote()
+	currentRemote := i.remote
 	if !currentRemote.IsValid() {
 		i.SetRemote(via.UdpAddr)
 		return true

hostmap_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package nebula
 
 import (
 	"net/netip"
-	"slices"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
@@ -11,84 +10,78 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-// chainIds returns the localIndexIds of the hostinfos holding addr, primary (index 0) first. It
-// also validates the Hosts/moreHosts sync contract on every call so a mutation that broke it
-// fails fast.
-func chainIds(t *testing.T, hm *HostMap, addr netip.Addr) []uint32 {
-	t.Helper()
-	assertHostMapInvariants(t, hm)
-	list := hm.unlockedGetHostList(addr)
-	ids := make([]uint32, len(list))
-	for i, h := range list {
-		ids[i] = h.localIndexId
-	}
-	return ids
-}
-
-// assertHostMapInvariants checks the Hosts/moreHosts contract: moreHosts only holds addresses
-// with 2 or more hostinfos, its first entry is always the primary in Hosts, lists never hold
-// duplicates, every hostinfo in a list owns the address and is registered in Indexes, and every
-// indexed hostinfo is reachable through each of its addresses.
-func assertHostMapInvariants(t *testing.T, hm *HostMap) {
-	t.Helper()
-	for addr, list := range hm.moreHosts {
-		require.GreaterOrEqualf(t, len(list), 2, "moreHosts[%s] must hold at least 2 hostinfos", addr)
-		require.Samef(t, hm.Hosts[addr], list[0], "moreHosts[%s][0] must match the primary in Hosts", addr)
-		seen := map[*HostInfo]bool{}
-		for _, h := range list {
-			require.NotNilf(t, h, "moreHosts[%s] must never hold a nil hostinfo", addr)
-			require.Falsef(t, seen[h], "moreHosts[%s] holds hostinfo %d twice", addr, h.localIndexId)
-			seen[h] = true
-			require.Samef(t, hm.Indexes[h.localIndexId], h, "moreHosts[%s] member %d is not registered in Indexes", addr, h.localIndexId)
-			require.Truef(t, slices.Contains(h.vpnAddrs, addr), "moreHosts[%s] member %d does not own the address", addr, h.localIndexId)
-		}
-	}
-	for addr, h := range hm.Hosts {
-		require.NotNilf(t, h, "Hosts[%s] must never be nil", addr)
-		require.Samef(t, hm.Indexes[h.localIndexId], h, "Hosts[%s] primary %d is not registered in Indexes", addr, h.localIndexId)
-		require.Truef(t, slices.Contains(h.vpnAddrs, addr), "Hosts[%s] primary (index %d) does not own the address", addr, h.localIndexId)
-	}
-	for idx, h := range hm.Indexes {
-		require.Equalf(t, idx, h.localIndexId, "Indexes[%d] holds hostinfo with localIndexId %d", idx, h.localIndexId)
-		for _, va := range h.vpnAddrs {
-			require.Truef(t, slices.Contains(hm.unlockedGetHostList(va), h), "indexed hostinfo %d is missing from the list for %s", idx, va)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestHostMap_MakePrimary(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	hm := newHostMap(l)
 
 	f := &Interface{}
-	a := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")
 
-	h1 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 1}
-	h2 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 2}
-	h3 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 3}
-	h4 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 4}
+	h1 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")}, localIndexId: 1}
+	h2 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")}, localIndexId: 2}
+	h3 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")}, localIndexId: 3}
+	h4 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")}, localIndexId: 4}
 
 	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(h4, f)
 	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(h3, f)
 	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(h2, f)
 	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(h1, f)
 
-	// Most-recently-added is primary: h1, h2, h3, h4
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{1, 2, 3, 4}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
-	assert.Equal(t, h1, hm.QueryVpnAddr(a))
+	// Make sure we go h1 -> h2 -> h3 -> h4
+	prim := hm.QueryVpnAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, h1.localIndexId, prim.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, prim.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, prim.prev)
+	assert.Equal(t, h1.localIndexId, h2.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, h2.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, h3.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, h3.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, h4.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, h4.next)
 
-	// Swap the middle to primary: h3, h1, h2, h4
+	// Swap h3/middle to primary
 	hm.MakePrimary(h3)
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{3, 1, 2, 4}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
-	assert.Equal(t, h3, hm.QueryVpnAddr(a))
 
-	// Swap the tail to primary: h4, h3, h1, h2
-	hm.MakePrimary(h4)
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{4, 3, 1, 2}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
+	// Make sure we go h3 -> h1 -> h2 -> h4
+	prim = hm.QueryVpnAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, prim.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h1.localIndexId, prim.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, prim.prev)
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, h1.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, h1.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, h2.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h1.localIndexId, h2.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, h4.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, h4.next)
 
-	// Swapping the current primary again is a no-op
+	// Swap h4/tail to primary
 	hm.MakePrimary(h4)
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{4, 3, 1, 2}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
+
+	// Make sure we go h4 -> h3 -> h1 -> h2
+	prim = hm.QueryVpnAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, prim.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, prim.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, prim.prev)
+	assert.Equal(t, h1.localIndexId, h3.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, h3.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, h1.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, h1.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h1.localIndexId, h2.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, h2.next)
+
+	// Swap h4 again should be no-op
+	hm.MakePrimary(h4)
+
+	// Make sure we go h4 -> h3 -> h1 -> h2
+	prim = hm.QueryVpnAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, prim.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, prim.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, prim.prev)
+	assert.Equal(t, h1.localIndexId, h3.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, h3.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, h1.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, h1.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h1.localIndexId, h2.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, h2.next)
 }
 
 func TestHostMap_DeleteHostInfo(t *testing.T) {
@@ -96,14 +89,13 @@ func TestHostMap_DeleteHostInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	hm := newHostMap(l)
 
 	f := &Interface{}
-	a := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")
 
-	h1 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 1}
-	h2 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 2}
-	h3 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 3}
-	h4 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 4}
-	h5 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 5}
-	h6 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 6}
+	h1 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")}, localIndexId: 1}
+	h2 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")}, localIndexId: 2}
+	h3 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")}, localIndexId: 3}
+	h4 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")}, localIndexId: 4}
+	h5 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")}, localIndexId: 5}
+	h6 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")}, localIndexId: 6}
 
 	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(h6, f)
 	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(h5, f)
@@ -112,243 +104,94 @@ func TestHostMap_DeleteHostInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(h2, f)
 	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(h1, f)
 
-	// h6 is evicted by the MaxHostInfosPerVpnIp cap; the rest are newest-first.
-	assert.Nil(t, hm.QueryIndex(h6.localIndexId))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
+	// h6 should be deleted
+	assert.Nil(t, h6.next)
+	assert.Nil(t, h6.prev)
+	h := hm.QueryIndex(h6.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, h)
 
-	// Delete primary; not final since siblings remain.
-	assert.False(t, hm.DeleteHostInfo(h1))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{2, 3, 4, 5}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
+	// Make sure we go h1 -> h2 -> h3 -> h4 -> h5
+	prim := hm.QueryVpnAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, h1.localIndexId, prim.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, prim.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, prim.prev)
+	assert.Equal(t, h1.localIndexId, h2.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, h2.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, h3.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, h3.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, h4.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h5.localIndexId, h4.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, h5.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, h5.next)
 
-	// Deleting the same hostinfo again must not report final while siblings remain and must not
-	// disturb the list. The old chain code got this wrong: the first delete nil'd next/prev, so a
-	// second delete looked final and wiped lighthouse state out from under the live sibling.
-	assert.False(t, hm.DeleteHostInfo(h1))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{2, 3, 4, 5}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
+	// Delete primary
+	hm.DeleteHostInfo(h1)
+	assert.Nil(t, h1.prev)
+	assert.Nil(t, h1.next)
 
-	// Delete a middle node.
-	assert.False(t, hm.DeleteHostInfo(h3))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{2, 4, 5}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
+	// Make sure we go h2 -> h3 -> h4 -> h5
+	prim = hm.QueryVpnAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, prim.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, prim.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, prim.prev)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, h2.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, h3.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, h3.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h3.localIndexId, h4.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h5.localIndexId, h4.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, h5.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, h5.next)
 
-	// Delete the tail.
-	assert.False(t, hm.DeleteHostInfo(h5))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{2, 4}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
+	// Delete in the middle
+	hm.DeleteHostInfo(h3)
+	assert.Nil(t, h3.prev)
+	assert.Nil(t, h3.next)
 
-	// Delete the head; h4 remains and becomes primary.
-	assert.False(t, hm.DeleteHostInfo(h2))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{4}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
-	assert.Equal(t, h4, hm.QueryVpnAddr(a))
+	// Make sure we go h2 -> h4 -> h5
+	prim = hm.QueryVpnAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, prim.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, prim.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, prim.prev)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, h2.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, h4.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h5.localIndexId, h4.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, h5.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, h5.next)
 
-	// Delete the only remaining item; final is true and the address is gone.
-	assert.True(t, hm.DeleteHostInfo(h4))
-	assert.Empty(t, chainIds(t, hm, a))
-	assert.Nil(t, hm.QueryVpnAddr(a))
+	// Delete the tail
+	hm.DeleteHostInfo(h5)
+	assert.Nil(t, h5.prev)
+	assert.Nil(t, h5.next)
 
-	// Deleting an already-gone hostinfo is still final; nothing holds the address anymore.
-	assert.True(t, hm.DeleteHostInfo(h4))
-	assert.Empty(t, chainIds(t, hm, a))
-}
+	// Make sure we go h2 -> h4
+	prim = hm.QueryVpnAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, prim.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, prim.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, prim.prev)
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, h2.next.localIndexId)
+	assert.Equal(t, h2.localIndexId, h4.prev.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, h4.next)
 
-// TestHostMap_MakePrimary_DeletedHostInfo covers promoting a hostinfo that lost a race with
-// tunnel teardown: swapPrimary and AddRelay decide to promote while holding a stale pointer and
-// only take the write lock after a delete fully unlinked the hostinfo. MakePrimary must be a
-// no-op, not a resurrection that installs an unmanaged primary.
-func TestHostMap_MakePrimary_DeletedHostInfo(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	hm := newHostMap(l)
-	f := &Interface{}
-	a := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")
+	// Delete the head
+	hm.DeleteHostInfo(h2)
+	assert.Nil(t, h2.prev)
+	assert.Nil(t, h2.next)
 
-	h1 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 1}
-	h2 := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 2}
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(h1, f)
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(h2, f)
+	// Make sure we only have h4
+	prim = hm.QueryVpnAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1"))
+	assert.Equal(t, h4.localIndexId, prim.localIndexId)
+	assert.Nil(t, prim.prev)
+	assert.Nil(t, prim.next)
+	assert.Nil(t, h4.next)
 
-	// h1 is fully deleted while another goroutine still holds a pointer to it.
-	assert.False(t, hm.DeleteHostInfo(h1))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{2}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
+	// Delete the only item
+	hm.DeleteHostInfo(h4)
+	assert.Nil(t, h4.prev)
+	assert.Nil(t, h4.next)
 
-	// The stale promote must not bring it back.
-	hm.MakePrimary(h1)
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{2}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
-	assert.Equal(t, h2, hm.QueryVpnAddr(a))
-	assert.Nil(t, hm.QueryIndex(h1.localIndexId))
-}
-
-// TestHostMap_QueryVpnAddrsRelayFor_NonPrimary makes sure a relay established on an older
-// hostinfo is still found after a newer tunnel without relay state takes primary for the same
-// address. The lookup checks the primary first and falls back to the rest of the list.
-func TestHostMap_QueryVpnAddrsRelayFor_NonPrimary(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	hm := newHostMap(l)
-	f := &Interface{}
-	relayAddr := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.9")
-	target := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")
-
-	older := &HostInfo{
-		vpnAddrs:     []netip.Addr{relayAddr},
-		localIndexId: 1,
-		relayState: RelayState{
-			relayForByAddr: map[netip.Addr]*Relay{},
-			relayForByIdx:  map[uint32]*Relay{},
-		},
-	}
-	older.relayState.InsertRelay(target, 100, &Relay{Type: ForwardingType, State: Established, LocalIndex: 100, PeerAddr: target})
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(older, f)
-
-	// The relay is found on the primary.
-	h, r, err := hm.QueryVpnAddrsRelayFor([]netip.Addr{target}, relayAddr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, older, h)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(100), r.LocalIndex)
-
-	// A re-handshake with no relay state takes primary; the established relay on the older
-	// hostinfo must still be found through the fallback.
-	newer := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{relayAddr}, localIndexId: 2}
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(newer, f)
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{2, 1}, chainIds(t, hm, relayAddr))
-
-	h, r, err = hm.QueryVpnAddrsRelayFor([]netip.Addr{target}, relayAddr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, older, h)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(100), r.LocalIndex)
-
-	// No hostinfo at all is a plain miss.
-	_, _, err = hm.QueryVpnAddrsRelayFor([]netip.Addr{target}, netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.42"))
-	require.Error(t, err)
-}
-
-// TestHostMap_DeleteHostInfo_MultipleVpnAddrs exercises the case where a hostinfo carries more than one
-// vpnAddr and shares its next/prev chain with a live sibling. Deleting the head must not corrupt the
-// sibling: every address the sibling owns has to keep pointing at it. The pre-fix code unlinked the shared
-// chain once per vpnAddr, so on the first address it nil'd next/prev, and on the second address the node
-// looked already-detached: it dropped the map entry instead of promoting the sibling (and tripped the
-// isLastHostinfo relay teardown). See unlockedDeleteHostInfo.
-func TestHostMap_DeleteHostInfo_MultipleVpnAddrs(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	hm := newHostMap(l)
-
-	f := &Interface{}
-
-	a := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")
-	b := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.2")
-
-	// Two tunnels for the same peer, each reachable at both a and b.
-	other := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a, b}, localIndexId: 1}
-	head := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a, b}, localIndexId: 2}
-
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(other, f)
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(head, f)
-
-	// head is primary for both addresses, other is next in each address's list.
-	assert.Equal(t, head, hm.QueryVpnAddr(a))
-	assert.Equal(t, head, hm.QueryVpnAddr(b))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{2, 1}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{2, 1}, chainIds(t, hm, b))
-
-	// Delete the head. other is still live, so it must become primary for BOTH addresses.
-	assert.False(t, hm.DeleteHostInfo(head))
-	assert.Equal(t, other, hm.QueryVpnAddr(a))
-	assert.Equal(t, other, hm.QueryVpnAddr(b))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{1}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{1}, chainIds(t, hm, b))
-
-	// head is fully removed from the index map.
-	assert.Nil(t, hm.QueryIndex(head.localIndexId))
-}
-
-// TestHostMap_DeleteHostInfo_DivergentVpnAddrs covers chained hostinfos for the same peer whose
-// vpnAddrs sets differ (a re-handshake cert added a second address). Deleting the superset node
-// must not promote a sibling to an address it does not own.
-func TestHostMap_DeleteHostInfo_DivergentVpnAddrs(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	hm := newHostMap(l)
-	f := &Interface{}
-	a := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")
-	b := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.2")
-
-	// sub owns only a; super (a newer handshake) owns a and b.
-	sub := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 1}
-	super := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a, b}, localIndexId: 2}
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(sub, f)
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(super, f)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{2, 1}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{2}, chainIds(t, hm, b))
-
-	// Delete super: a promotes to sub (which owns it); b has no remaining owner and must be
-	// removed, not dangled at sub (which does not own b).
-	assert.False(t, hm.DeleteHostInfo(super))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{1}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
-	assert.Empty(t, chainIds(t, hm, b))
-	assert.Equal(t, sub, hm.QueryVpnAddr(a))
-	assert.Nil(t, hm.QueryVpnAddr(b))
-	assert.Nil(t, hm.QueryIndex(super.localIndexId))
-
-	// Deleting sub cleans up fully.
-	assert.True(t, hm.DeleteHostInfo(sub))
-	assert.Nil(t, hm.QueryVpnAddr(a))
-	assertHostMapInvariants(t, hm)
-}
-
-// TestHostMap_AddDivergentOverlap covers a new hostinfo claiming addresses currently owned by two
-// DIFFERENT hostinfos. The old single shared next/prev chain overwrote a pointer and orphaned one
-// of them (in Indexes but unreachable via its address); independent per-address lists cannot.
-func TestHostMap_AddDivergentOverlap(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	hm := newHostMap(l)
-	f := &Interface{}
-	a := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")
-	b := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.2")
-
-	hiA := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a}, localIndexId: 1}
-	hiP := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{b}, localIndexId: 2}
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(hiA, f)
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(hiP, f)
-
-	hiB := &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a, b}, localIndexId: 3}
-	hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(hiB, f)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{3, 1}, chainIds(t, hm, a))
-	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{3, 2}, chainIds(t, hm, b))
-	// hiA is still reachable via its address (not orphaned) and still indexed.
-	assert.Contains(t, chainIds(t, hm, a), hiA.localIndexId)
-	assert.NotNil(t, hm.QueryIndex(hiA.localIndexId))
-}
-
-// TestHostMap_MaxHostInfosPerVpnIp_MultipleVpnAddrs verifies the MaxHostInfosPerVpnIp overflow prune
-// (unlockedInnerAddHostInfo calls unlockedDeleteHostInfo on the oldest node once the chain is too long)
-// still behaves when hostinfos carry more than one vpnAddr. The pruned node is always the tail, so it is
-// primary for none of the addresses, and both address chains must stay consistent afterwards.
-func TestHostMap_MaxHostInfosPerVpnIp_MultipleVpnAddrs(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	hm := newHostMap(l)
-
-	f := &Interface{}
-
-	a := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1")
-	b := netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.2")
-
-	// Add one more than the cap, newest last so it becomes head. Every hostinfo owns both a and b.
-	hostinfos := make([]*HostInfo, 0, MaxHostInfosPerVpnIp+1)
-	for i := 0; i <= MaxHostInfosPerVpnIp; i++ {
-		hostinfos = append(hostinfos, &HostInfo{vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{a, b}, localIndexId: uint32(i + 1)})
-	}
-	// Add oldest first (highest index in our slice) so the very first one added is the overflow victim.
-	for i := len(hostinfos) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		hm.unlockedAddHostInfo(hostinfos[i], f)
-	}
-
-	oldest := hostinfos[len(hostinfos)-1]
-
-	// The oldest hostinfo was pruned from both lists and the index map.
-	assert.Nil(t, hm.QueryIndex(oldest.localIndexId))
-
-	// Both addresses hold exactly MaxHostInfosPerVpnIp survivors in the same order; oldest is absent.
-	require.Len(t, chainIds(t, hm, a), MaxHostInfosPerVpnIp)
-	assert.Equal(t, chainIds(t, hm, a), chainIds(t, hm, b), "both addresses must list the same survivors in the same order")
-	assert.NotContains(t, chainIds(t, hm, a), oldest.localIndexId)
-	assert.Equal(t, hm.QueryVpnAddr(a), hm.QueryVpnAddr(b))
+	// Make sure we have nil
+	prim = hm.QueryVpnAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("0.0.0.1"))
+	assert.Nil(t, prim)
 }
 
 func TestHostMap_reload(t *testing.T) {

inside.go

@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/iputil"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/noiseutil"
+	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/batch"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 )
 
-func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, nb, out []byte, q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache) {
+func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, nb []byte, sendBatch batch.TxBatcher, rejectBuf []byte, q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache) {
 	err := newPacket(packet, false, fwPacket)
 	if err != nil {
 		if f.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet
 	})
 
 	if hostinfo == nil {
-		f.rejectInside(packet, out, q)
+		f.rejectInside(packet, rejectBuf, q)
 		if f.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
 			f.l.Debug("dropping outbound packet, vpnAddr not in our vpn networks or in unsafe networks",
 				"vpnAddr", fwPacket.RemoteAddr,
@@ -73,10 +74,9 @@ func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet
 
 	dropReason := f.firewall.Drop(*fwPacket, false, hostinfo, f.pki.GetCAPool(), localCache)
 	if dropReason == nil {
-		f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, 0, hostinfo.ConnectionState, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, packet, nb, out, q)
-
+		f.sendInsideMessage(hostinfo, packet, nb, sendBatch, rejectBuf, q)
 	} else {
-		f.rejectInside(packet, out, q)
+		f.rejectInside(packet, rejectBuf, q)
 		if f.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
 			hostinfo.logger(f.l).Debug("dropping outbound packet",
 				"fwPacket", fwPacket,
@@ -86,8 +86,69 @@ func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet
 	}
 }
 
+// sendInsideMessage encrypts a firewall-approved inside packet into the
+// caller's batch slot for later sendmmsg flush. When hostinfo.remote is not
+// valid we fall through to the relay slow path via the unbatched sendNoMetrics
+// so relay behavior is unchanged.
+func (f *Interface) sendInsideMessage(hostinfo *HostInfo, p, nb []byte, sendBatch batch.TxBatcher, rejectBuf []byte, q int) {
+	ci := hostinfo.ConnectionState
+	if ci.eKey == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !hostinfo.remote.IsValid() {
+		// Slow path: relay fallback. Reuse rejectBuf as the ciphertext
+		// scratch; sendNoMetrics arranges header space for SendVia.
+		f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, 0, ci, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, p, nb, rejectBuf, q)
+		return
+	}
+
+	scratch := sendBatch.Next()
+	if scratch == nil {
+		// Batch full: bypass batching and send this packet directly so we
+		// never drop traffic on over-subscribed iterations.
+		f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, 0, ci, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, p, nb, rejectBuf, q)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if noiseutil.EncryptLockNeeded {
+		ci.writeLock.Lock()
+	}
+	c := ci.messageCounter.Add(1)
+
+	out := header.Encode(scratch, header.Version, header.Message, 0, hostinfo.remoteIndexId, c)
+	f.connectionManager.Out(hostinfo)
+
+	if hostinfo.lastRebindCount != f.rebindCount {
+		//NOTE: there is an update hole if a tunnel isn't used and exactly 256 rebinds occur before the tunnel is
+		// finally used again. This tunnel would eventually be torn down and recreated if this action didn't help.
+		f.lightHouse.QueryServer(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0])
+		hostinfo.lastRebindCount = f.rebindCount
+		if f.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
+			hostinfo.logger(f.l).Debug("Lighthouse update triggered for punch due to rebind counter",
+				"vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	out, err := ci.eKey.EncryptDanger(out, out, p, c, nb)
+	if noiseutil.EncryptLockNeeded {
+		ci.writeLock.Unlock()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		hostinfo.logger(f.l).Error("Failed to encrypt outgoing packet",
+			"error", err,
+			"udpAddr", hostinfo.remote,
+			"counter", c,
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	sendBatch.Commit(len(out), hostinfo.remote)
+}
+
 func (f *Interface) rejectInside(packet []byte, out []byte, q int) {
-	if !f.firewall.OutboundSendReject {
+	if !f.firewall.InSendReject {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -103,7 +164,7 @@ func (f *Interface) rejectInside(packet []byte, out []byte, q int) {
 }
 
 func (f *Interface) rejectOutside(packet []byte, ci *ConnectionState, hostinfo *HostInfo, nb, out []byte, q int) {
-	if !f.firewall.InboundSendReject {
+	if !f.firewall.OutSendReject {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -333,7 +394,7 @@ func (f *Interface) SendVia(via *HostInfo,
 		via.logger(f.l).Info("Failed to EncryptDanger in sendVia", "error", err)
 		return
 	}
-	err = f.writers[0].WriteTo(out, via.GetRemote())
+	err = f.writers[0].WriteTo(out, via.remote)
 	if err != nil {
 		via.logger(f.l).Info("Failed to WriteTo in sendVia", "error", err)
 	}
@@ -344,7 +405,7 @@ func (f *Interface) sendNoMetrics(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType
 	if ci.eKey == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	useRelay := !remote.IsValid() && !hostinfo.GetRemote().IsValid()
+	useRelay := !remote.IsValid() && !hostinfo.remote.IsValid()
 	fullOut := out
 
 	if useRelay {
@@ -391,6 +452,7 @@ func (f *Interface) sendNoMetrics(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType
 			"error", err,
 			"udpAddr", remote,
 			"counter", c,
+			"attemptedCounter", c,
 		)
 		return
 	}
@@ -403,12 +465,12 @@ func (f *Interface) sendNoMetrics(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType
 				"udpAddr", remote,
 			)
 		}
-	} else if hr := hostinfo.GetRemote(); hr.IsValid() {
-		err = f.writers[q].WriteTo(out, hr)
+	} else if hostinfo.remote.IsValid() {
+		err = f.writers[q].WriteTo(out, hostinfo.remote)
 		if err != nil {
 			hostinfo.logger(f.l).Error("Failed to write outgoing packet",
 				"error", err,
-				"udpAddr", hr,
+				"udpAddr", remote,
 			)
 		}
 	} else {

interface.go

@@ -2,13 +2,10 @@ package nebula
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"crypto/fips140"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"net/netip"
-	"slices"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -16,11 +13,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
 	"github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics"
 
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/firewall"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay"
+	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/batch"
+	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/tio"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
 )
 
@@ -91,7 +89,11 @@ type Interface struct {
 
 	ctx     context.Context
 	writers []udp.Conn
-	readers []io.ReadWriteCloser
+	readers []tio.Queue
+	// batchers is one per tun queue, wrapping readers[i].
+	// decryptToTun sends plaintext into the batch.RxBatcher;
+	// listenOut calls its Flush at the end of each UDP recvmmsg batch.
+	batchers []batch.RxBatcher
 	wg       sync.WaitGroup
 
 	// fatalErr holds the first unexpected reader error that caused shutdown.
@@ -190,7 +192,8 @@ func NewInterface(ctx context.Context, c *InterfaceConfig) (*Interface, error) {
 		routines:              c.routines,
 		version:               c.version,
 		writers:               make([]udp.Conn, c.routines),
-		readers:               make([]io.ReadWriteCloser, c.routines),
+		readers:               make([]tio.Queue, c.routines),
+		batchers:              make([]batch.RxBatcher, c.routines),
 		myVpnNetworks:         cs.myVpnNetworks,
 		myVpnNetworksTable:    cs.myVpnNetworksTable,
 		myVpnAddrs:            cs.myVpnAddrs,
@@ -216,9 +219,6 @@ func NewInterface(ctx context.Context, c *InterfaceConfig) (*Interface, error) {
 
 	ifce.connectionManager.intf = ifce
 
-	// Held until Close so waiting on the interface blocks until the resources are actually released
-	ifce.wg.Add(1)
-
 	return ifce, nil
 }
 
@@ -239,9 +239,6 @@ func (f *Interface) activate() error {
 		"build", f.version,
 		"udpAddr", addr,
 		"boringcrypto", boringEnabled(),
-		"fips140Version", fips140.Version(),
-		"fips140Enabled", fips140.Enabled(),
-		"fips140Enforced", fips140.Enforced(),
 	)
 
 	if f.routines > 1 {
@@ -254,27 +251,29 @@ func (f *Interface) activate() error {
 	metrics.GetOrRegisterGauge("routines", nil).Update(int64(f.routines))
 
 	// Prepare n tun queues
-	var reader io.ReadWriteCloser = f.inside
 	for i := 0; i < f.routines; i++ {
 		if i > 0 {
-			reader, err = f.inside.NewMultiQueueReader()
-			if err != nil {
+			if err = f.inside.NewMultiQueueReader(); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
-		f.readers[i] = reader
+	}
+	f.readers = f.inside.Readers()
+	for i := range f.readers {
+		f.batchers[i] = batch.NewTCPCoalescer(f.readers[i])
 	}
 
-	// On error the caller owns the cleanup, Control.Start cancels the service context
-	// before releasing our resources so a waiter never observes a live context
+	f.wg.Add(1) // for us to wait on Close() to return
 	if err = f.inside.Activate(); err != nil {
+		f.wg.Done()
+		f.inside.Close()
 		return err
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (f *Interface) run() {
+func (f *Interface) run() (func() error, error) {
 	// Launch n queues to read packets from udp
 	for i := 0; i < f.routines; i++ {
 		f.wg.Go(func() {
@@ -289,14 +288,13 @@ func (f *Interface) run() {
 		})
 	}
 
-}
-
-func (f *Interface) wait() error {
+	return func() error {
 		f.wg.Wait()
 		if e := f.fatalErr.Load(); e != nil {
 			return *e
 		}
 		return nil
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // onFatal stores the first fatal reader error, and calls triggerShutdown if it was the first one
@@ -320,19 +318,26 @@ func (f *Interface) listenOut(i int) {
 
 	ctCache := firewall.NewConntrackCacheTicker(f.ctx, f.l, f.conntrackCacheTimeout)
 	lhh := f.lightHouse.NewRequestHandler()
-	plaintext := make([]byte, udp.MTU)
 	h := &header.H{}
 	fwPacket := &firewall.Packet{}
 	nb := make([]byte, 12, 12)
 
-	err := li.ListenOut(func(fromUdpAddr netip.AddrPort, payload []byte) {
-		f.readOutsidePackets(ViaSender{UdpAddr: fromUdpAddr}, plaintext[:0], payload, h, fwPacket, lhh, nb, i, ctCache.Get())
-	})
+	coalescer := f.batchers[i]
 
-	// An error after teardown began is shutdown noise, the closed flag covers resources
-	// Close releases itself and the cancelled ctx covers ones torn down by their owners
-	// reacting to it, like the user device pipes
-	if err != nil && !f.closed.Load() && f.ctx.Err() == nil {
+	listener := func(fromUdpAddr netip.AddrPort, payload []byte) {
+		plaintext := f.batchers[i].Reserve(len(payload))
+		f.readOutsidePackets(ViaSender{UdpAddr: fromUdpAddr}, plaintext[:0], payload, h, fwPacket, lhh, nb, i, ctCache.Get())
+	}
+
+	flusher := func() {
+		if err := coalescer.Flush(); err != nil {
+			f.l.Error("Failed to flush tun coalescer", "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	err := li.ListenOut(listener, flusher)
+
+	if err != nil && !f.closed.Load() {
 		f.l.Error("Error while reading inbound packet, closing", "error", err)
 		f.onFatal(err)
 	}
@@ -340,31 +345,47 @@ func (f *Interface) listenOut(i int) {
 	f.l.Debug("underlay reader is done", "reader", i)
 }
 
-func (f *Interface) listenIn(reader io.ReadWriteCloser, i int) {
-	packet := make([]byte, mtu)
-	out := make([]byte, mtu)
+func (f *Interface) listenIn(reader tio.Queue, i int) {
+	rejectBuf := make([]byte, mtu)
+	sb := batch.NewSendBatch(batch.SendBatchCap, udp.MTU+32)
 	fwPacket := &firewall.Packet{}
 	nb := make([]byte, 12, 12)
 
 	conntrackCache := firewall.NewConntrackCacheTicker(f.ctx, f.l, f.conntrackCacheTimeout)
 
 	for {
-		n, err := reader.Read(packet)
+		pkts, err := reader.Read()
 		if err != nil {
-			// Same shutdown noise handling as listenOut
-			if !f.closed.Load() && f.ctx.Err() == nil {
+			if !f.closed.Load() {
 				f.l.Error("Error while reading outbound packet, closing", "error", err, "reader", i)
 				f.onFatal(err)
 			}
 			break
 		}
 
-		f.consumeInsidePacket(packet[:n], fwPacket, nb, out, i, conntrackCache.Get())
+		sb.Reset()
+		for _, pkt := range pkts {
+			if sb.Len() >= sb.Cap() {
+				f.flushBatch(sb, i)
+				sb.Reset()
+			}
+			f.consumeInsidePacket(pkt, fwPacket, nb, sb, rejectBuf, i, conntrackCache.Get())
+		}
+		if sb.Len() > 0 {
+			f.flushBatch(sb, i)
+		}
 	}
 
 	f.l.Debug("overlay reader is done", "reader", i)
 }
 
+func (f *Interface) flushBatch(sb batch.TxBatcher, q int) {
+	bufs, dsts := sb.Get()
+	if err := f.writers[q].WriteBatch(bufs, dsts); err != nil {
+		f.l.Error("Failed to write outgoing batch", "error", err, "writer", q)
+	}
+}
+
 func (f *Interface) RegisterConfigChangeCallbacks(c *config.C) {
 	c.RegisterReloadCallback(f.reloadFirewall)
 	c.RegisterReloadCallback(f.reloadSendRecvError)
@@ -388,22 +409,13 @@ func (f *Interface) reloadDisconnectInvalid(c *config.C) {
 }
 
 func (f *Interface) reloadFirewall(c *config.C) {
-	cs := f.pki.getCertState()
-	curCert := cs.getCertificate(cert.Version2)
-	if curCert == nil {
-		curCert = cs.getCertificate(cert.Version1)
-	}
-
-	// The firewall builds its routableNetworks set from the certificate's UnsafeNetworks at construction.
-	// Check to see if that set has changed, and if so, rebuild the firewall.
-	certUnsafeChanged := curCert != nil && !slices.Equal(curCert.UnsafeNetworks(), f.firewall.unsafeNetworks)
-
-	if !c.HasChanged("firewall") && !certUnsafeChanged {
+	//TODO: need to trigger/detect if the certificate changed too
+	if c.HasChanged("firewall") == false {
 		f.l.Debug("No firewall config change detected")
 		return
 	}
 
-	fw, err := NewFirewallFromConfig(f.l, cs, c)
+	fw, err := NewFirewallFromConfig(f.l, f.pki.getCertState(), c)
 	if err != nil {
 		f.l.Error("Error while creating firewall during reload", "error", err)
 		return
@@ -513,7 +525,11 @@ func (f *Interface) emitStats(ctx context.Context, i time.Duration) {
 	certInitiatingVersion := metrics.GetOrRegisterGauge("certificate.initiating_version", nil)
 	certMaxVersion := metrics.GetOrRegisterGauge("certificate.max_version", nil)
 
-	emit := func() {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
 			f.firewall.EmitStats()
 			f.handshakeManager.EmitStats()
 			udpStats()
@@ -530,18 +546,6 @@ func (f *Interface) emitStats(ctx context.Context, i time.Duration) {
 				certMaxVersion.Update(int64(certState.v1Cert.Version()))
 			}
 		}
-
-	// Prime gauges so a Prometheus scrape that lands before the first tick
-	// sees real values instead of the zero defaults (issue #907).
-	emit()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			emit()
-		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -553,15 +557,9 @@ func (f *Interface) GetCertState() *CertState {
 	return f.pki.getCertState()
 }
 
-// Close releases the interface's resources: the udp sockets and the tun device.
-// It is idempotent and safe to call at any point in the lifecycle, including on an interface that never activated,
-// calls after the first return nil without doing anything.
 func (f *Interface) Close() error {
-	if !f.closed.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	var errs []error
+	f.closed.Store(true)
 
 	// Release the udp readers
 	for i, u := range f.writers {
@@ -577,8 +575,6 @@ func (f *Interface) Close() error {
 	if closeErr != nil {
 		errs = append(errs, closeErr)
 	}
-
-	// Release the construction token so waiters know the resources are gone
 	f.wg.Done()
 	return errors.Join(errs...)
 }

interface_emit_test.go

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-//go:build linux || darwin
-
-package nebula
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/firewall"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/overlaytest"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/test"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-// Test_emitStats_primesGauges covers issue #907: a Prometheus scrape that
-// landed before the first ticker fire used to read 0 for the cert gauges.
-// emitStats now primes the gauges before entering the ticker loop. We assert
-// the gauge is zero before the first call and non-zero after.
-func Test_emitStats_primesGauges(t *testing.T) {
-	defer metrics.DefaultRegistry.UnregisterAll()
-
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	hostMap := newHostMap(l)
-	preferredRanges := []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")}
-	hostMap.preferredRanges.Store(&preferredRanges)
-
-	notAfter := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
-	cs := &CertState{
-		initiatingVersion: cert.Version1,
-		privateKey:        []byte{},
-		v1Cert:            &dummyCert{version: cert.Version1, notAfter: notAfter},
-		v1Credential:      nil,
-	}
-
-	lh := newTestLighthouse()
-	ifce := &Interface{
-		hostMap:          hostMap,
-		inside:           &overlaytest.NoopTun{},
-		outside:          &udp.NoopConn{},
-		firewall:         &Firewall{Conntrack: &FirewallConntrack{Conns: map[firewall.Packet]*conn{}}},
-		lightHouse:       lh,
-		pki:              &PKI{},
-		handshakeManager: NewHandshakeManager(l, hostMap, lh, &udp.NoopConn{}, defaultHandshakeConfig),
-		l:                l,
-		// On linux, udp.NewUDPStatsEmitter indexes writers[0] and asserts to
-		// *udp.StdConn. A zero value works: getMemInfo sees a nil rawConn,
-		// returns an error, and the emitter falls through to a no-op.
-		writers: []udp.Conn{&udp.StdConn{}},
-	}
-	ifce.pki.cs.Store(cs)
-
-	ttlGauge := metrics.GetOrRegisterGauge("certificate.ttl_seconds", nil)
-	require.Zero(t, ttlGauge.Value(), "gauge should be zero before emitStats runs")
-
-	// Pre-cancel the context so emitStats returns after priming the gauges
-	// without ever reading from ticker.C. The one hour interval is just a
-	// belt-and-suspenders, the test does not expect the ticker to fire.
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	cancel()
-	ifce.emitStats(ctx, time.Hour)
-
-	ttl := ttlGauge.Value()
-	assert.Positive(t, ttl, "ttl gauge should be primed by emitStats before its first tick")
-	assert.LessOrEqual(t, ttl, int64(3600))
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(cert.Version1), metrics.GetOrRegisterGauge("certificate.initiating_version", nil).Value())
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(cert.Version1), metrics.GetOrRegisterGauge("certificate.max_version", nil).Value())
-}

interface_test.go

@@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
-package nebula
-
-import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/test"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-// TestReloadFirewall_CertUnsafeNetworksChanged verifies that reloadFirewall
-// rebuilds the firewall when only the certificate's UnsafeNetworks have changed,
-// even if the firewall section of the YAML has not.
-func TestReloadFirewall_CertUnsafeNetworksChanged(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-
-	vpnNet := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")
-	initialUnsafe := []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("198.51.100.0/24")}
-
-	// dummyCert avoids dragging the real signing pipeline into a unit test.
-	c1 := &dummyCert{
-		version:        cert.Version2,
-		networks:       []netip.Prefix{vpnNet},
-		unsafeNetworks: initialUnsafe,
-	}
-	pki := &PKI{}
-	pki.cs.Store(&CertState{v2Cert: c1, initiatingVersion: cert.Version2})
-
-	rawYAML := `firewall:
-  outbound:
-    - port: any
-      proto: any
-      host: any
-  inbound:
-    - port: any
-      proto: any
-      host: any
-`
-	cfg := config.NewC(l)
-	require.NoError(t, cfg.LoadString(rawYAML))
-
-	fw, err := NewFirewallFromConfig(l, pki.getCertState(), cfg)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, initialUnsafe, fw.unsafeNetworks)
-
-	f := &Interface{
-		pki:      pki,
-		firewall: fw,
-		l:        l,
-	}
-
-	// Swap the cert with a different UnsafeNetworks set.
-	newUnsafe := []netip.Prefix{
-		netip.MustParsePrefix("198.51.100.0/24"),
-		netip.MustParsePrefix("203.0.113.0/24"),
-	}
-	c2 := &dummyCert{
-		version:        cert.Version2,
-		networks:       []netip.Prefix{vpnNet},
-		unsafeNetworks: newUnsafe,
-	}
-	pki.cs.Store(&CertState{v2Cert: c2, initiatingVersion: cert.Version2})
-
-	// Reload with the same YAML so HasChanged("firewall") reports false.
-	require.NoError(t, cfg.ReloadConfigString(rawYAML))
-	require.False(t, cfg.HasChanged("firewall"))
-
-	f.reloadFirewall(cfg)
-
-	assert.NotSame(t, fw, f.firewall, "firewall pointer should have been replaced")
-	assert.Equal(t, newUnsafe, f.firewall.unsafeNetworks)
-	assert.True(t, f.firewall.routableNetworks.Contains(netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.5")))
-}
-
-// TestReloadFirewall_NoChange verifies that reloadFirewall is a no-op when
-// neither the firewall config nor the cert's UnsafeNetworks have changed.
-func TestReloadFirewall_NoChange(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-
-	vpnNet := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")
-	unsafe := []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("198.51.100.0/24")}
-
-	c1 := &dummyCert{
-		version:        cert.Version2,
-		networks:       []netip.Prefix{vpnNet},
-		unsafeNetworks: unsafe,
-	}
-	pki := &PKI{}
-	pki.cs.Store(&CertState{v2Cert: c1, initiatingVersion: cert.Version2})
-
-	rawYAML := `firewall:
-  outbound:
-    - port: any
-      proto: any
-      host: any
-  inbound:
-    - port: any
-      proto: any
-      host: any
-`
-	cfg := config.NewC(l)
-	require.NoError(t, cfg.LoadString(rawYAML))
-
-	fw, err := NewFirewallFromConfig(l, pki.getCertState(), cfg)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	f := &Interface{
-		pki:      pki,
-		firewall: fw,
-		l:        l,
-	}
-
-	require.NoError(t, cfg.ReloadConfigString(rawYAML))
-	f.reloadFirewall(cfg)
-
-	assert.Same(t, fw, f.firewall, "firewall should not have been replaced")
-}

iputil/packet.go

@@ -4,55 +4,27 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
-	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
 )
 
 const (
-	// MaxIPv4RejectPacketSize is the largest IPv4 reject packet:
+	// Need 96 bytes for the largest reject packet:
 	// - 20 byte ipv4 header
 	// - 8 byte icmpv4 header
 	// - 68 byte body (60 byte max orig ipv4 header + 8 byte orig icmpv4 header)
-	maxIPv4RejectPacketSize = ipv4.HeaderLen + 8 + 60 + 8
-
-	// MaxRejectPacketSize is sized for the largest possible reject packet (IPv6):
-	// - 40 byte ipv6 header
-	// - 8 byte icmpv6 header
-	// - up to 1000 byte body (original packet, possibly truncated. We want to stay
-	//   under the MTU with Nebula overhead included)
-	maxIPv6RejectPacketSize = ipv6.HeaderLen + 8 + 1000
-
-	MaxRejectPacketSize = maxIPv6RejectPacketSize
+	MaxRejectPacketSize = ipv4.HeaderLen + 8 + 60 + 8
 )
 
 func CreateRejectPacket(packet []byte, out []byte) []byte {
-	if len(packet) < 1 {
+	if len(packet) < ipv4.HeaderLen || int(packet[0]>>4) != ipv4.Version {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	version := int(packet[0] >> 4)
-	switch version {
-	case ipv4.Version:
-		if len(packet) < ipv4.HeaderLen {
-			return nil
-		}
-		// Do not send reject packets for non-first fragments
-		if packet[6]&0x1f != 0 || packet[7] != 0 {
-			return nil
-		}
 	switch packet[9] {
 	case 6: // tcp
 		return ipv4CreateRejectTCPPacket(packet, out)
 	default:
 		return ipv4CreateRejectICMPPacket(packet, out)
 	}
-	case ipv6.Version:
-		if len(packet) < ipv6.HeaderLen {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return ipv6CreateRejectPacket(packet, out)
-	default:
-		return nil
-	}
 }
 
 func ipv4CreateRejectICMPPacket(packet []byte, out []byte) []byte {
@@ -63,16 +35,11 @@ func ipv4CreateRejectICMPPacket(packet []byte, out []byte) []byte {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Do not generate ICMP errors in response to ICMP error packets
-	if packet[9] == 1 && len(packet) > ihl {
-		icmpType := packet[ihl]
-		if icmpType == 3 || icmpType == 4 || icmpType == 5 || icmpType == 11 || icmpType == 12 {
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-
 	// ICMP reply includes original header and first 8 bytes of the packet
-	packetLen := min(len(packet), ihl+8)
+	packetLen := len(packet)
+	if packetLen > ihl+8 {
+		packetLen = ihl + 8
+	}
 
 	outLen := ipv4.HeaderLen + 8 + packetLen
 	if outLen > cap(out) {
@@ -105,7 +72,7 @@ func ipv4CreateRejectICMPPacket(packet []byte, out []byte) []byte {
 	// ICMP Destination Unreachable
 	icmpOut := out[ipv4.HeaderLen:]
 	icmpOut[0] = 3 // type (Destination unreachable)
-	icmpOut[1] = 13 // code (Communication administratively prohibited)
+	icmpOut[1] = 3 // code (Port unreachable error)
 	icmpOut[2] = 0 // checksum
 	icmpOut[3] = 0 //  .
 	icmpOut[4] = 0 // unused
@@ -198,193 +165,7 @@ func ipv4CreateRejectTCPPacket(packet []byte, out []byte) []byte {
 	return out
 }
 
-func ipv6CreateRejectPacket(packet []byte, out []byte) []byte {
-	proto, offset, isFragment := ipv6FindUpperProtocol(packet)
-	if isFragment {
-		return nil
-	}
-	switch proto {
-	case 6: // tcp
-		return ipv6CreateRejectTCPPacket(packet, out, offset)
-	default:
-		return ipv6CreateRejectICMPPacket(packet, out, proto, offset)
-	}
-}
-
-func ipv6CreateRejectICMPPacket(packet []byte, out []byte, proto uint8, offset int) []byte {
-	// Do not generate ICMPv6 errors in response to ICMPv6 error packets
-	if proto == 58 && len(packet) > offset {
-		icmpType := packet[offset]
-		if icmpType >= 1 && icmpType <= 4 {
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Include as much of the original packet as possible, up to 1000 bytes,
-	// so the response fits comfortably within any tunnel MTU.
-	packetLen := min(len(packet), 1000)
-
-	outLen := ipv6.HeaderLen + 8 + packetLen
-	if outLen > cap(out) {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	out = out[:outLen]
-
-	// IPv6 header
-	ipHdr := out[0:ipv6.HeaderLen]
-	ipHdr[0] = ipv6.Version << 4 // version, traffic class (high bits)
-	ipHdr[1] = 0                 // traffic class (low bits), flow label (high bits)
-	ipHdr[2] = 0                 // flow label
-	ipHdr[3] = 0                 // flow label
-
-	payloadLen := uint16(outLen - ipv6.HeaderLen)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(ipHdr[4:], payloadLen) // payload length
-	ipHdr[6] = 58                                     // next header (ICMPv6)
-	ipHdr[7] = 64                                     // hop limit
-
-	// Swap dest / src IPs (each 16 bytes, src at 8, dst at 24)
-	copy(ipHdr[8:24], packet[24:40])
-	copy(ipHdr[24:40], packet[8:24])
-
-	// ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable
-	icmpOut := out[ipv6.HeaderLen:]
-	icmpOut[0] = 1 // type (Destination Unreachable)
-	icmpOut[1] = 1 // code (Communication with destination administratively prohibited)
-	icmpOut[2] = 0 // checksum
-	icmpOut[3] = 0 //  .
-	icmpOut[4] = 0 // unused
-	icmpOut[5] = 0 //  .
-	icmpOut[6] = 0 //  .
-	icmpOut[7] = 0 //  .
-
-	copy(icmpOut[8:], packet[:packetLen])
-
-	// ICMPv6 checksum uses a pseudo-header
-	csum := ipv6PseudoheaderChecksum(ipHdr[8:24], ipHdr[24:40], 58, uint32(payloadLen))
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(icmpOut[2:], tcpipChecksum(icmpOut, csum))
-
-	return out
-}
-
-func ipv6CreateRejectTCPPacket(packet []byte, out []byte, offset int) []byte {
-	const tcpLen = 20
-
-	if len(packet) < offset+tcpLen {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	outLen := ipv6.HeaderLen + tcpLen
-	if outLen > cap(out) {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	out = out[:outLen]
-
-	// IPv6 header
-	ipHdr := out[0:ipv6.HeaderLen]
-	ipHdr[0] = ipv6.Version << 4 // version, traffic class (high bits)
-	ipHdr[1] = 0                 // traffic class (low bits), flow label (high bits)
-	ipHdr[2] = 0                 // flow label
-	ipHdr[3] = 0                 // flow label
-
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(ipHdr[4:], tcpLen) // payload length
-	ipHdr[6] = 6                                  // next header (TCP)
-	ipHdr[7] = 64                                 // hop limit
-
-	// Swap dest / src IPs
-	copy(ipHdr[8:24], packet[24:40])
-	copy(ipHdr[24:40], packet[8:24])
-
-	// TCP RST
-	tcpIn := packet[offset:]
-	var ackSeq, seq uint32
-	outFlags := byte(0b00000100) // RST
-
-	inAck := tcpIn[13]&0b00010000 != 0
-	if inAck {
-		seq = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(tcpIn[8:])
-	} else {
-		inSyn := uint32((tcpIn[13] & 0b00000010) >> 1)
-		inFin := uint32(tcpIn[13] & 0b00000001)
-		ackSeq = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(tcpIn[4:]) + inSyn + inFin + uint32(len(tcpIn)) - uint32(tcpIn[12]>>4)<<2
-		outFlags |= 0b00010000 // ACK
-	}
-
-	tcpOut := out[ipv6.HeaderLen:]
-	// Swap dest / src ports
-	copy(tcpOut[0:2], tcpIn[2:4])
-	copy(tcpOut[2:4], tcpIn[0:2])
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(tcpOut[4:], seq)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(tcpOut[8:], ackSeq)
-	tcpOut[12] = (tcpLen >> 2) << 4 // data offset, reserved, NS
-	tcpOut[13] = outFlags           // CWR, ECE, URG, ACK, PSH, RST, SYN, FIN
-	tcpOut[14] = 0                  // window size
-	tcpOut[15] = 0                  //  .
-	tcpOut[16] = 0                  // checksum
-	tcpOut[17] = 0                  //  .
-	tcpOut[18] = 0                  // URG Pointer
-	tcpOut[19] = 0                  //  .
-
-	// Calculate checksum with IPv6 pseudo-header
-	csum := ipv6PseudoheaderChecksum(ipHdr[8:24], ipHdr[24:40], 6, tcpLen)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(tcpOut[16:], tcpipChecksum(tcpOut, csum))
-
-	return out
-}
-
-func ipv6FindUpperProtocol(packet []byte) (nextHeader uint8, offset int, isFragment bool) {
-	nextHeader = packet[6]
-	offset = ipv6.HeaderLen
-
-	for {
-		switch nextHeader {
-		case 0, 43, 60: // Hop-by-Hop, Routing, Destination
-			if len(packet) < offset+2 {
-				return nextHeader, offset, isFragment
-			}
-			nextHeader = packet[offset]
-			offset += (int(packet[offset+1]) + 1) << 3
-
-		case 44: // Fragment
-			if len(packet) < offset+8 {
-				return nextHeader, offset, isFragment
-			}
-			if packet[offset+2] != 0 || packet[offset+3]&0xf8 != 0 {
-				isFragment = true
-			}
-			nextHeader = packet[offset]
-			offset += 8
-
-		case 51: // AH
-			if len(packet) < offset+2 {
-				return nextHeader, offset, isFragment
-			}
-			nextHeader = packet[offset]
-			offset += (int(packet[offset+1]) + 2) << 2
-
-		default:
-			return nextHeader, offset, isFragment
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func CreateICMPEchoResponse(packet, out []byte) []byte {
-	if len(packet) < 1 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	switch packet[0] >> 4 {
-	case 4:
-		return createICMPv4EchoResponse(packet, out)
-	case 6:
-		return createICMPv6EchoResponse(packet, out)
-	default:
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-func createICMPv4EchoResponse(packet, out []byte) []byte {
 	// Return early if this is not a simple ICMP Echo Request
 	//TODO: make constants out of these
 	if !(len(packet) >= 28 && len(packet) <= 9001 && packet[0] == 0x45 && packet[9] == 0x01 && packet[20] == 0x08) {
@@ -418,43 +199,6 @@ func createICMPv4EchoResponse(packet, out []byte) []byte {
 	return out
 }
 
-func createICMPv6EchoResponse(packet, out []byte) []byte {
-	// IPv6 header (40 bytes) + ICMPv6 header (8 bytes minimum)
-	if len(packet) < ipv6.HeaderLen+8 || len(packet) > 9001 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Next Header must be ICMPv6 (58)
-	if packet[6] != 58 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// ICMPv6 type must be Echo Request (128)
-	if packet[ipv6.HeaderLen] != 128 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	out = out[:len(packet)]
-	copy(out, packet)
-
-	// Swap src/dst addresses (bytes 8-23 and 24-39)
-	copy(out[8:24], packet[24:40])
-	copy(out[24:40], packet[8:24])
-
-	// Change ICMPv6 type to Echo Reply (129)
-	icmp := out[ipv6.HeaderLen:]
-	icmp[0] = 129
-	icmp[2] = 0
-	icmp[3] = 0
-
-	// ICMPv6 checksum uses a pseudo-header with src, dst, length, and next header
-	payloadLen := uint32(len(icmp))
-	csum := ipv6PseudoheaderChecksum(out[8:24], out[24:40], 58, payloadLen)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(icmp[2:], tcpipChecksum(icmp, csum))
-
-	return out
-}
-
 // calculates the TCP/IP checksum defined in rfc1071. The passed-in
 // csum is any initial checksum data that's already been computed.
 //
@@ -492,18 +236,3 @@ func ipv4PseudoheaderChecksum(src, dst []byte, proto, length uint32) (csum uint3
 	csum += length >> 16
 	return csum
 }
-
-// based on:
-// - https://github.com/google/gopacket/blob/v1.1.19/layers/tcpip.go#L37-L48
-func ipv6PseudoheaderChecksum(src, dst []byte, proto, length uint32) (csum uint32) {
-	for i := 0; i < 16; i += 2 {
-		csum += uint32(src[i]) << 8
-		csum += uint32(src[i+1])
-		csum += uint32(dst[i]) << 8
-		csum += uint32(dst[i+1])
-	}
-	csum += proto
-	csum += length & 0xffff
-	csum += length >> 16
-	return csum
-}

iputil/packet_test.go

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 package iputil
 
 import (
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"net"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
-	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
 )
 
 func Test_CreateRejectPacket(t *testing.T) {
@@ -45,7 +43,7 @@ func Test_CreateRejectPacket(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	b = append(b, []byte{0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0}...)
 
-	expectedLen = maxIPv4RejectPacketSize
+	expectedLen = MaxRejectPacketSize
 	out = make([]byte, MaxRejectPacketSize)
 	rejectPacket = CreateRejectPacket(b, out)
 	assert.NotNil(t, rejectPacket)
@@ -73,404 +71,3 @@ func Test_CreateRejectPacket(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotNil(t, rejectPacket)
 	assert.Len(t, rejectPacket, expectedLen)
 }
-
-func Test_CreateRejectPacket_NoFragment(t *testing.T) {
-	out := make([]byte, MaxRejectPacketSize)
-
-	// IPv4: non-zero fragment offset should not generate reject packet
-	h := ipv4.Header{
-		Len:      20,
-		Src:      net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 1),
-		Dst:      net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 2),
-		Protocol: 17, // UDP
-	}
-	b, err := h.Marshal()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("h.Marshal: %v", err)
-	}
-	b = append(b, make([]byte, 8)...)
-	// Set fragment offset to non-zero (byte 6-7, offset in 8-byte units)
-	b[6] = 0x00
-	b[7] = 0x01
-	assert.Nil(t, CreateRejectPacket(b, out))
-
-	// MF flag with zero offset (first fragment) should still generate reject
-	b[6] = 0x20 // MF flag set
-	b[7] = 0x00
-	assert.NotNil(t, CreateRejectPacket(b, out))
-
-	// Non-fragment should still generate reject packet
-	b[6] = 0x00
-	b[7] = 0x00
-	assert.NotNil(t, CreateRejectPacket(b, out))
-
-	// DF flag only (not a fragment) should still generate reject packet
-	b[6] = 0x40
-	b[7] = 0x00
-	assert.NotNil(t, CreateRejectPacket(b, out))
-}
-
-func Test_CreateRejectPacketIPv6_NoFragment(t *testing.T) {
-	src := net.ParseIP("fd00::1")
-	dst := net.ParseIP("fd00::2")
-	out := make([]byte, MaxRejectPacketSize)
-
-	// IPv6 with Fragment header and non-zero offset should not generate reject
-	fragHeader := []byte{
-		17,   // next header: UDP
-		0,    // reserved
-		0, 9, // fragment offset=1 (shifted left 3), M=1
-		0, 0, 0, 1, // identification
-	}
-	udpPayload := make([]byte, 8)
-	payload := append(fragHeader, udpPayload...)
-	packet := makeIPv6Packet(src, dst, 44, payload) // next header 44 = Fragment
-	assert.Nil(t, CreateRejectPacket(packet, out))
-
-	// Fragment header with zero offset (first fragment) should still generate reject
-	fragHeader[2] = 0
-	fragHeader[3] = 1 // offset=0, M=1
-	payload = append(fragHeader, udpPayload...)
-	packet = makeIPv6Packet(src, dst, 44, payload)
-	assert.NotNil(t, CreateRejectPacket(packet, out))
-}
-
-func Test_CreateRejectPacket_NoICMPError(t *testing.T) {
-	out := make([]byte, MaxRejectPacketSize)
-
-	// ICMP error types should not generate reject packets
-	icmpErrorTypes := []byte{3, 4, 5, 11, 12}
-	for _, icmpType := range icmpErrorTypes {
-		h := ipv4.Header{
-			Len:      20,
-			Src:      net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 1),
-			Dst:      net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 2),
-			Protocol: 1, // ICMP
-		}
-
-		b, err := h.Marshal()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("h.Marshal: %v", err)
-		}
-		b = append(b, icmpType, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
-
-		rejectPacket := CreateRejectPacket(b, out)
-		assert.Nil(t, rejectPacket, "ICMP type %d should not generate a reject packet", icmpType)
-	}
-
-	// ICMP non-error types should still generate reject packets
-	icmpNonErrorTypes := []byte{0, 8, 13, 14}
-	for _, icmpType := range icmpNonErrorTypes {
-		h := ipv4.Header{
-			Len:      20,
-			Src:      net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 1),
-			Dst:      net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 2),
-			Protocol: 1, // ICMP
-		}
-
-		b, err := h.Marshal()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("h.Marshal: %v", err)
-		}
-		b = append(b, icmpType, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
-
-		rejectPacket := CreateRejectPacket(b, out)
-		assert.NotNil(t, rejectPacket, "ICMP type %d should generate a reject packet", icmpType)
-	}
-}
-
-func makeIPv6Packet(src, dst net.IP, nextHeader uint8, payload []byte) []byte {
-	b := make([]byte, ipv6.HeaderLen+len(payload))
-	b[0] = ipv6.Version << 4
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(b[4:], uint16(len(payload)))
-	b[6] = nextHeader
-	b[7] = 64
-	copy(b[8:24], src.To16())
-	copy(b[24:40], dst.To16())
-	copy(b[ipv6.HeaderLen:], payload)
-	return b
-}
-
-func Test_CreateRejectPacketIPv6_ICMP(t *testing.T) {
-	src := net.ParseIP("fd00::1")
-	dst := net.ParseIP("fd00::2")
-
-	// Small UDP packet: entire original included in body
-	udpPayload := make([]byte, 20)
-	udpPayload[0] = 0x00 // src port high
-	udpPayload[1] = 0x50 // src port low (80)
-	udpPayload[2] = 0x01 // dst port high
-	udpPayload[3] = 0xBB // dst port low (443)
-	packet := makeIPv6Packet(src, dst, 17, udpPayload)
-
-	out := make([]byte, MaxRejectPacketSize)
-	rejectPacket := CreateRejectPacket(packet, out)
-	assert.NotNil(t, rejectPacket)
-
-	// Small packet fits entirely: 40 (ipv6 hdr) + 8 (icmpv6 hdr) + 60 (original)
-	expectedLen := ipv6.HeaderLen + 8 + len(packet)
-	assert.Len(t, rejectPacket, expectedLen)
-
-	// Verify version
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(ipv6.Version<<4), rejectPacket[0]&0xf0)
-	// Verify next header is ICMPv6 (58)
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(58), rejectPacket[6])
-	// Verify src/dst are swapped
-	assert.Equal(t, dst.To16(), net.IP(rejectPacket[8:24]))
-	assert.Equal(t, src.To16(), net.IP(rejectPacket[24:40]))
-	// Verify ICMPv6 type=1 (Dest Unreachable), code=1 (Administratively prohibited)
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(1), rejectPacket[ipv6.HeaderLen])
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(1), rejectPacket[ipv6.HeaderLen+1])
-	// Verify entire original packet is included in body
-	assert.Equal(t, packet, rejectPacket[ipv6.HeaderLen+8:])
-
-	// Large packet: body is truncated to 1000 bytes
-	largePkt := makeIPv6Packet(src, dst, 17, make([]byte, 1200))
-	rejectPacket = CreateRejectPacket(largePkt, out)
-	assert.NotNil(t, rejectPacket)
-	assert.Len(t, rejectPacket, ipv6.HeaderLen+8+1000)
-	assert.Equal(t, largePkt[:1000], rejectPacket[ipv6.HeaderLen+8:])
-}
-
-func Test_CreateRejectPacketIPv6_TCP(t *testing.T) {
-	src := net.ParseIP("fd00::1")
-	dst := net.ParseIP("fd00::2")
-
-	// TCP SYN packet (next header 6)
-	tcpPayload := make([]byte, 20)
-	tcpPayload[0] = 0x00                             // src port high
-	tcpPayload[1] = 0x50                             // src port low (80)
-	tcpPayload[2] = 0x01                             // dst port high
-	tcpPayload[3] = 0xBB                             // dst port low (443)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(tcpPayload[4:], 1000) // seq
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(tcpPayload[8:], 0)    // ack seq
-	tcpPayload[12] = (20 >> 2) << 4                  // data offset
-	tcpPayload[13] = 0b00000010                      // SYN flag
-
-	packet := makeIPv6Packet(src, dst, 6, tcpPayload)
-
-	out := make([]byte, MaxRejectPacketSize)
-	rejectPacket := CreateRejectPacket(packet, out)
-	assert.NotNil(t, rejectPacket)
-
-	// Expected: 40 (ipv6 hdr) + 20 (tcp RST)
-	expectedLen := ipv6.HeaderLen + 20
-	assert.Len(t, rejectPacket, expectedLen)
-
-	// Verify version
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(ipv6.Version<<4), rejectPacket[0]&0xf0)
-	// Verify next header is TCP (6)
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(6), rejectPacket[6])
-	// Verify src/dst are swapped
-	assert.Equal(t, dst.To16(), net.IP(rejectPacket[8:24]))
-	assert.Equal(t, src.To16(), net.IP(rejectPacket[24:40]))
-	// Verify ports are swapped
-	tcpOut := rejectPacket[ipv6.HeaderLen:]
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(443), binary.BigEndian.Uint16(tcpOut[0:2]))
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(80), binary.BigEndian.Uint16(tcpOut[2:4]))
-	// RST+ACK flags (since input was SYN without ACK)
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(0b00010100), tcpOut[13])
-	// ack_seq = original seq (1000) + SYN (1) + FIN (0) + segment data (0)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(1001), binary.BigEndian.Uint32(tcpOut[8:]))
-}
-
-func Test_CreateRejectPacketIPv6_TCPWithACK(t *testing.T) {
-	src := net.ParseIP("fd00::1")
-	dst := net.ParseIP("fd00::2")
-
-	// TCP packet with ACK set
-	tcpPayload := make([]byte, 20)
-	tcpPayload[0] = 0x00
-	tcpPayload[1] = 0x50
-	tcpPayload[2] = 0x01
-	tcpPayload[3] = 0xBB
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(tcpPayload[4:], 1000) // seq
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(tcpPayload[8:], 2000) // ack seq
-	tcpPayload[12] = (20 >> 2) << 4                  // data offset
-	tcpPayload[13] = 0b00010000                      // ACK flag
-
-	packet := makeIPv6Packet(src, dst, 6, tcpPayload)
-
-	out := make([]byte, MaxRejectPacketSize)
-	rejectPacket := CreateRejectPacket(packet, out)
-	assert.NotNil(t, rejectPacket)
-
-	tcpOut := rejectPacket[ipv6.HeaderLen:]
-	// RST only (no ACK) since input had ACK
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(0b00000100), tcpOut[13])
-	// seq = original ack_seq
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(2000), binary.BigEndian.Uint32(tcpOut[4:]))
-}
-
-func Test_CreateRejectPacketIPv6_NoICMPError(t *testing.T) {
-	src := net.ParseIP("fd00::1")
-	dst := net.ParseIP("fd00::2")
-	out := make([]byte, MaxRejectPacketSize)
-
-	// ICMPv6 error types (1-4) should not generate reject packets
-	for icmpType := byte(1); icmpType <= 4; icmpType++ {
-		payload := make([]byte, 8)
-		payload[0] = icmpType
-		packet := makeIPv6Packet(src, dst, 58, payload)
-
-		rejectPacket := CreateRejectPacket(packet, out)
-		assert.Nil(t, rejectPacket, "ICMPv6 type %d should not generate a reject packet", icmpType)
-	}
-
-	// ICMPv6 non-error types should still generate reject packets
-	nonErrorTypes := []byte{128, 129, 133, 134}
-	for _, icmpType := range nonErrorTypes {
-		payload := make([]byte, 8)
-		payload[0] = icmpType
-		packet := makeIPv6Packet(src, dst, 58, payload)
-
-		rejectPacket := CreateRejectPacket(packet, out)
-		assert.NotNil(t, rejectPacket, "ICMPv6 type %d should generate a reject packet", icmpType)
-	}
-}
-
-func Test_CreateRejectPacketIPv6_TooShort(t *testing.T) {
-	// Packet too short to be valid IPv6
-	out := make([]byte, MaxRejectPacketSize)
-	assert.Nil(t, CreateRejectPacket([]byte{0x60}, out))
-	assert.Nil(t, CreateRejectPacket(make([]byte, 39), out))
-}
-
-func Test_CreateRejectPacketIPv6_ExtensionHeaders(t *testing.T) {
-	src := net.ParseIP("fd00::1")
-	dst := net.ParseIP("fd00::2")
-
-	// IPv6 + Hop-by-Hop extension header + TCP
-	hopByHop := []byte{
-		6,    // next header: TCP
-		0,    // length (8 bytes total)
-		0, 0, // padding
-		0, 0, 0, 0,
-	}
-	tcpPayload := make([]byte, 20)
-	tcpPayload[0] = 0x00
-	tcpPayload[1] = 0x50
-	tcpPayload[2] = 0x01
-	tcpPayload[3] = 0xBB
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(tcpPayload[4:], 1000)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(tcpPayload[8:], 2000)
-	tcpPayload[12] = (20 >> 2) << 4
-	tcpPayload[13] = 0b00010000 // ACK
-
-	payload := append(hopByHop, tcpPayload...)
-	packet := makeIPv6Packet(src, dst, 0, payload) // next header 0 = Hop-by-Hop
-
-	out := make([]byte, MaxRejectPacketSize)
-	rejectPacket := CreateRejectPacket(packet, out)
-	assert.NotNil(t, rejectPacket)
-
-	// Should produce TCP RST
-	expectedLen := ipv6.HeaderLen + 20
-	assert.Len(t, rejectPacket, expectedLen)
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(6), rejectPacket[6]) // next header is TCP
-	tcpOut := rejectPacket[ipv6.HeaderLen:]
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(0b00000100), tcpOut[13]) // RST only
-}
-
-func TestCreateICMPEchoResponse_IPv4(t *testing.T) {
-	// Build a simple IPv4 ICMP Echo Request
-	packet := make([]byte, 28)
-	packet[0] = 0x45                                   // version 4, IHL 5
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packet[2:], uint16(28)) // total length
-	packet[8] = 64                                     // TTL
-	packet[9] = 1                                      // protocol ICMP
-	copy(packet[12:16], net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 1).To4())   // src
-	copy(packet[16:20], net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 2).To4())   // dst
-	packet[20] = 8                                     // ICMP Echo Request
-
-	out := make([]byte, len(packet))
-	result := CreateICMPEchoResponse(packet, out)
-	assert.NotNil(t, result)
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(0x45), result[0])
-	// src/dst swapped
-	assert.Equal(t, net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 2).To4(), net.IP(result[12:16]))
-	assert.Equal(t, net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 1).To4(), net.IP(result[16:20]))
-	// ICMP Echo Reply
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(0), result[20])
-}
-
-func TestCreateICMPEchoResponse_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
-	src := net.ParseIP("fd00::1").To16()
-	dst := net.ParseIP("fd00::2").To16()
-
-	// Build an IPv6 ICMPv6 Echo Request packet
-	// IPv6 header (40 bytes) + ICMPv6 (8 bytes)
-	packet := make([]byte, 48)
-	packet[0] = 0x60        // version 6
-	payloadLen := uint16(8) // ICMPv6 header only
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packet[4:], payloadLen)
-	packet[6] = 58           // Next Header: ICMPv6
-	packet[7] = 64           // Hop Limit
-	copy(packet[8:24], src)  // src address
-	copy(packet[24:40], dst) // dst address
-
-	// ICMPv6 Echo Request
-	icmp := packet[40:]
-	icmp[0] = 128                           // type: Echo Request
-	icmp[1] = 0                             // code
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(icmp[4:], 1) // identifier
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(icmp[6:], 1) // sequence number
-
-	// Compute correct checksum for the request
-	csum := ipv6PseudoheaderChecksum(src, dst, 58, uint32(payloadLen))
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(icmp[2:], tcpipChecksum(icmp, csum))
-
-	out := make([]byte, len(packet))
-	result := CreateICMPEchoResponse(packet, out)
-	assert.NotNil(t, result)
-
-	// Version should still be 6
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(6), result[0]>>4)
-	// src/dst swapped
-	assert.Equal(t, dst, net.IP(result[8:24]))
-	assert.Equal(t, src, net.IP(result[24:40]))
-	// ICMPv6 Echo Reply type
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(129), result[40])
-
-	// Verify checksum is valid (tcpipChecksum returns 0 when data+checksum is correct)
-	respIcmp := result[40:]
-	verifyCsum := ipv6PseudoheaderChecksum(result[8:24], result[24:40], 58, uint32(payloadLen))
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(0), tcpipChecksum(respIcmp, verifyCsum))
-}
-
-func TestCreateICMPEchoResponse_IPv6_NotEchoRequest(t *testing.T) {
-	src := net.ParseIP("fd00::1").To16()
-	dst := net.ParseIP("fd00::2").To16()
-
-	packet := make([]byte, 48)
-	packet[0] = 0x60
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packet[4:], 8)
-	packet[6] = 58
-	packet[7] = 64
-	copy(packet[8:24], src)
-	copy(packet[24:40], dst)
-
-	// ICMPv6 type 1 (Destination Unreachable) - not Echo Request
-	packet[40] = 1
-
-	out := make([]byte, len(packet))
-	result := CreateICMPEchoResponse(packet, out)
-	assert.Nil(t, result)
-}
-
-func TestCreateICMPEchoResponse_IPv6_NotICMPv6(t *testing.T) {
-	src := net.ParseIP("fd00::1").To16()
-	dst := net.ParseIP("fd00::2").To16()
-
-	packet := make([]byte, 48)
-	packet[0] = 0x60
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packet[4:], 8)
-	packet[6] = 6 // TCP, not ICMPv6
-	packet[7] = 64
-	copy(packet[8:24], src)
-	copy(packet[24:40], dst)
-
-	out := make([]byte, len(packet))
-	result := CreateICMPEchoResponse(packet, out)
-	assert.Nil(t, result)
-}

lighthouse.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
+	"github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
@@ -34,12 +35,9 @@ type LightHouse struct {
 
 	myVpnNetworks      []netip.Prefix
 	myVpnNetworksTable *bart.Lite
+	punchConn          udp.Conn
 	punchy             *Punchy
 
-	// localAddrsFn enumerates the underlay addresses we advertise. It is a field so tests can supply simulated
-	// addresses rather than whatever this machine's NICs happen to be. Set it before Start.
-	localAddrsFn func(*LocalAllowList) []netip.Addr
-
 	// Local cache of answers from light houses
 	// map of vpn addr to answers
 	addrMap map[netip.Addr]*RemoteList
@@ -78,6 +76,7 @@ type LightHouse struct {
 	calculatedRemotes atomic.Pointer[bart.Table[[]*calculatedRemote]] // Maps VpnAddr to []*calculatedRemote
 
 	metrics           *MessageMetrics
+	metricHolepunchTx metrics.Counter
 	l                 *slog.Logger
 }
 
@@ -106,15 +105,12 @@ func NewLightHouseFromConfig(ctx context.Context, l *slog.Logger, c *config.C, c
 		myVpnNetworksTable: cs.myVpnNetworksTable,
 		addrMap:            make(map[netip.Addr]*RemoteList),
 		nebulaPort:         nebulaPort,
+		punchConn:          pc,
 		punchy:             p,
 		updateTrigger:      make(chan struct{}, 1),
 		queryChan:          make(chan netip.Addr, c.GetUint32("handshakes.query_buffer", 64)),
 		l:                  l,
 	}
-	h.localAddrsFn = func(al *LocalAllowList) []netip.Addr {
-		return localAddrs(h.l, al)
-	}
-
 	lighthouses := make([]netip.Addr, 0)
 	h.lighthouses.Store(&lighthouses)
 	staticList := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{})
@@ -122,6 +118,9 @@ func NewLightHouseFromConfig(ctx context.Context, l *slog.Logger, c *config.C, c
 
 	if c.GetBool("stats.lighthouse_metrics", false) {
 		h.metrics = newLighthouseMetrics()
+		h.metricHolepunchTx = metrics.GetOrRegisterCounter("messages.tx.holepunch", nil)
+	} else {
+		h.metricHolepunchTx = metrics.NilCounter{}
 	}
 
 	err := h.reload(c, true)
@@ -280,18 +279,16 @@ func (lh *LightHouse) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
 	//NOTE: many things will get much simpler when we combine static_host_map and lighthouse.hosts in config
 	if initial || c.HasChanged("static_host_map") || c.HasChanged("static_map.cadence") || c.HasChanged("static_map.network") || c.HasChanged("static_map.lookup_timeout") {
 		// Clean up. Entries still in the static_host_map will be re-built.
-		ourselves := lh.myVpnNetworks[0].Addr()
-		oldStaticList := lh.staticList.Load()
-		if oldStaticList != nil {
+		// Entries no longer present must have their (possible) background DNS goroutines stopped.
+		if existingStaticList := lh.staticList.Load(); existingStaticList != nil {
 			lh.RLock()
-			for staticVpnAddr := range *oldStaticList {
+			for staticVpnAddr := range *existingStaticList {
 				if am, ok := lh.addrMap[staticVpnAddr]; ok && am != nil {
-					am.ResetForOwner(ourselves)
+					am.hr.Cancel()
 				}
 			}
 			lh.RUnlock()
 		}
-
 		// Build a new list based on current config.
 		staticList := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{})
 		err := lh.loadStaticMap(c, staticList)
@@ -299,21 +296,6 @@ func (lh *LightHouse) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		// For entries removed from static_host_map, stop the DNS goroutine and drop the cached addrs.
-		// All addrs must come from the lighthouses now that it's no longer a static host.
-		if oldStaticList != nil {
-			lh.RLock()
-			for staticVpnAddr := range *oldStaticList {
-				if _, stillStatic := staticList[staticVpnAddr]; stillStatic {
-					continue
-				}
-				if am, ok := lh.addrMap[staticVpnAddr]; ok && am != nil {
-					am.ClearHostnameResults()
-				}
-			}
-			lh.RUnlock()
-		}
-
 		lh.staticList.Store(&staticList)
 		if !initial {
 			if c.HasChanged("static_host_map") {
@@ -926,7 +908,7 @@ func (lh *LightHouse) SendUpdate() {
 	}
 
 	lal := lh.GetLocalAllowList()
-	for _, e := range lh.localAddrsFn(lal) {
+	for _, e := range localAddrs(lh.l, lal) {
 		if lh.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(e) {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -1424,31 +1406,58 @@ func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostPunchNotification(n *NebulaMeta, fromVpn
 		return
 	}
 
+	empty := []byte{0}
+	punch := func(vpnPeer netip.AddrPort, logVpnAddr netip.Addr) {
+		if !vpnPeer.IsValid() {
+			return
+		}
+
+		go func() {
+			time.Sleep(lhh.lh.punchy.GetDelay())
+			lhh.lh.metricHolepunchTx.Inc(1)
+			lhh.lh.punchConn.WriteTo(empty, vpnPeer)
+		}()
+
+		if lhh.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
+			lhh.l.Debug("Punching",
+				"vpnPeer", vpnPeer,
+				"logVpnAddr", logVpnAddr,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
 	remoteAllowList := lhh.lh.GetRemoteAllowList()
 	for _, a := range n.Details.V4AddrPorts {
-		if a == nil {
-			continue
-		}
 		b := protoV4AddrPortToNetAddrPort(a)
 		if remoteAllowList.Allow(detailsVpnAddr, b.Addr()) {
-			lhh.lh.punchy.Schedule(b, detailsVpnAddr)
+			punch(b, detailsVpnAddr)
 		}
 	}
 
 	for _, a := range n.Details.V6AddrPorts {
-		if a == nil {
-			continue
-		}
 		b := protoV6AddrPortToNetAddrPort(a)
 		if remoteAllowList.Allow(detailsVpnAddr, b.Addr()) {
-			lhh.lh.punchy.Schedule(b, detailsVpnAddr)
+			punch(b, detailsVpnAddr)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// This sends a nebula test packet to the host trying to contact us. In the case
 	// of a double nat or other difficult scenario, this may help establish
-	// a tunnel. ScheduleRespond is a no-op when punchy.respond is disabled.
-	lhh.lh.punchy.ScheduleRespond(detailsVpnAddr)
+	// a tunnel.
+	if lhh.lh.punchy.GetRespond() {
+		go func() {
+			time.Sleep(lhh.lh.punchy.GetRespondDelay())
+			if lhh.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
+				lhh.l.Debug("Sending a nebula test packet",
+					"vpnAddr", detailsVpnAddr,
+				)
+			}
+			//NOTE: we have to allocate a new output buffer here since we are spawning a new goroutine
+			// for each punchBack packet. We should move this into a timerwheel or a single goroutine
+			// managed by a channel.
+			w.SendMessageToVpnAddr(header.Test, header.TestRequest, detailsVpnAddr, []byte(""), make([]byte, 12, 12), make([]byte, mtu))
+		}()
+	}
 }
 
 func protoAddrToNetAddr(addr *Addr) netip.Addr {
@@ -1468,7 +1477,7 @@ func protoV6AddrPortToNetAddrPort(ap *V6AddrPort) netip.AddrPort {
 	b := [16]byte{}
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(b[:8], ap.Hi)
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(b[8:], ap.Lo)
-	return netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(b).Unmap(), uint16(ap.Port))
+	return netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(b), uint16(ap.Port))
 }
 
 func netAddrToProtoAddr(addr netip.Addr) *Addr {
@@ -1508,11 +1517,9 @@ func (d *NebulaMetaDetails) GetRelays() []netip.Addr {
 
 	if len(d.RelayVpnAddrs) > 0 {
 		for _, r := range d.RelayVpnAddrs {
-			if r != nil {
 			relays = append(relays, protoAddrToNetAddr(r))
 		}
 	}
-	}
 	return relays
 }
 

lighthouse_test.go

@@ -303,132 +303,6 @@ func TestLighthouse_reload(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 }
 
-// TestLighthouse_reloadStaticHostMap verifies that reloading static_host_map applies the new
-// config rather than appending to it. See issue #718.
-func TestLighthouse_reloadStaticHostMap(t *testing.T) {
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	c := config.NewC(l)
-	c.Settings["lighthouse"] = map[string]any{"am_lighthouse": true}
-	c.Settings["listen"] = map[string]any{"port": 4242}
-	c.Settings["static_host_map"] = map[string]any{
-		"10.128.0.2": []any{"1.1.1.1:4242"},
-	}
-
-	myVpnNet := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.128.0.1/24")
-	nt := new(bart.Lite)
-	nt.Insert(myVpnNet)
-	cs := &CertState{
-		myVpnNetworks:      []netip.Prefix{myVpnNet},
-		myVpnNetworksTable: nt,
-	}
-
-	lh, err := NewLightHouseFromConfig(t.Context(), l, c, cs, nil, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	staticHost := netip.MustParseAddr("10.128.0.2")
-	otherHost := netip.MustParseAddr("10.128.0.3")
-
-	// Capture the RemoteList pointer up front; an in-flight handshake would hold the same one
-	// on hostinfo.remotes, so it must reflect every reload below.
-	pinned := lh.Query(staticHost)
-	require.NotNil(t, pinned)
-	assert.Equal(t, []netip.AddrPort{netip.MustParseAddrPort("1.1.1.1:4242")}, pinned.CopyAddrs([]netip.Prefix{}))
-
-	// Replace the remote address. The new address should be the only entry.
-	nc := map[string]any{
-		"static_host_map": map[string]any{
-			"10.128.0.2": []any{"2.2.2.2:4242"},
-		},
-	}
-	rc, err := yaml.Marshal(nc)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.ReloadConfigString(string(rc)))
-
-	rl := lh.Query(staticHost)
-	require.NotNil(t, rl)
-	assert.Same(t, pinned, rl, "RemoteList pointer must stay stable so in-flight handshakes pick up the change")
-	assert.Equal(t, []netip.AddrPort{netip.MustParseAddrPort("2.2.2.2:4242")}, rl.CopyAddrs([]netip.Prefix{}))
-
-	// Reload back to the original IP. Mirrors the round-trip in issue #718 step 6-8 where
-	// the buggy reload produced [1.1.1.1, 2.2.2.2, 1.1.1.1] instead of [1.1.1.1].
-	nc = map[string]any{
-		"static_host_map": map[string]any{
-			"10.128.0.2": []any{"1.1.1.1:4242"},
-		},
-	}
-	rc, err = yaml.Marshal(nc)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.ReloadConfigString(string(rc)))
-
-	rl = lh.Query(staticHost)
-	require.NotNil(t, rl)
-	assert.Same(t, pinned, rl)
-	assert.Equal(t, []netip.AddrPort{netip.MustParseAddrPort("1.1.1.1:4242")}, rl.CopyAddrs([]netip.Prefix{}))
-
-	// Reload with the same config. An unchanged entry must not duplicate.
-	require.NoError(t, c.ReloadConfigString(string(rc)))
-
-	rl = lh.Query(staticHost)
-	require.NotNil(t, rl)
-	assert.Same(t, pinned, rl)
-	assert.Equal(t, []netip.AddrPort{netip.MustParseAddrPort("1.1.1.1:4242")}, rl.CopyAddrs([]netip.Prefix{}))
-
-	// Switch back to 2.2.2.2 so the rest of the test continues against a known address.
-	nc = map[string]any{
-		"static_host_map": map[string]any{
-			"10.128.0.2": []any{"2.2.2.2:4242"},
-		},
-	}
-	rc, err = yaml.Marshal(nc)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.ReloadConfigString(string(rc)))
-
-	// Add a second host alongside the first. Both should be present, neither duplicated.
-	nc = map[string]any{
-		"static_host_map": map[string]any{
-			"10.128.0.2": []any{"2.2.2.2:4242"},
-			"10.128.0.3": []any{"3.3.3.3:4242"},
-		},
-	}
-	rc, err = yaml.Marshal(nc)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.ReloadConfigString(string(rc)))
-
-	rl = lh.Query(staticHost)
-	require.NotNil(t, rl)
-	assert.Same(t, pinned, rl, "adding a sibling entry must not displace the existing RemoteList")
-	assert.Equal(t, []netip.AddrPort{netip.MustParseAddrPort("2.2.2.2:4242")}, rl.CopyAddrs([]netip.Prefix{}))
-
-	rl = lh.Query(otherHost)
-	require.NotNil(t, rl)
-	assert.Equal(t, []netip.AddrPort{netip.MustParseAddrPort("3.3.3.3:4242")}, rl.CopyAddrs([]netip.Prefix{}))
-
-	// Drop the first host entirely. The vpnAddr is no longer marked static, our owner
-	// contribution is cleared, but the addrMap entry stays in place so non-static cache
-	// data (from lighthouse queries) on the same RemoteList isn't lost. In-flight handshakes
-	// that already had the pointer see an empty address list rather than retrying stale ones.
-	nc = map[string]any{
-		"static_host_map": map[string]any{
-			"10.128.0.3": []any{"3.3.3.3:4242"},
-		},
-	}
-	rc, err = yaml.Marshal(nc)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NoError(t, c.ReloadConfigString(string(rc)))
-
-	_, isStatic := lh.GetStaticHostList()[staticHost]
-	assert.False(t, isStatic)
-
-	rl = lh.Query(staticHost)
-	require.NotNil(t, rl)
-	assert.Same(t, pinned, rl)
-	assert.Empty(t, rl.CopyAddrs([]netip.Prefix{}))
-
-	rl = lh.Query(otherHost)
-	require.NotNil(t, rl)
-	assert.Equal(t, []netip.AddrPort{netip.MustParseAddrPort("3.3.3.3:4242")}, rl.CopyAddrs([]netip.Prefix{}))
-}
-
 func newLHHostRequest(fromAddr netip.AddrPort, myVpnIp, queryVpnIp netip.Addr, lhh *LightHouseHandler) testLhReply {
 	req := &NebulaMeta{
 		Type:    NebulaMeta_HostQuery,

main.go

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, l *slog.Logger, dev
 	}
 	l.Info("Firewall started", "firewallHashes", fw.GetRuleHashes())
 
-	ssh, err := sshd.NewSSHServer(ctx, l.With("subsystem", "sshd"))
+	ssh, err := sshd.NewSSHServer(l.With("subsystem", "sshd"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, util.ContextualizeIfNeeded("Error while creating SSH server", err)
 	}
@@ -130,17 +130,6 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, l *slog.Logger, dev
 	udpConns := make([]udp.Conn, routines)
 	port := c.GetInt("listen.port", 0)
 
-	// Callers get no handle to these until the Control is returned, release them on any error.
-	defer func() {
-		if reterr != nil {
-			for _, u := range udpConns {
-				if u != nil {
-					_ = u.Close()
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
 	if !configTest {
 		rawListenHost := c.GetString("listen.host", "0.0.0.0")
 		var listenHost netip.Addr
@@ -181,7 +170,7 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, l *slog.Logger, dev
 	}
 
 	hostMap := NewHostMapFromConfig(l, c)
-	punchy := NewPunchyFromConfig(l, c, udpConns[0])
+	punchy := NewPunchyFromConfig(l, c)
 	connManager := newConnectionManagerFromConfig(l, c, hostMap, punchy)
 	lightHouse, err := NewLightHouseFromConfig(ctx, l, c, pki.getCertState(), udpConns[0], punchy)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -195,17 +184,21 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, l *slog.Logger, dev
 		messageMetrics = newMessageMetricsOnlyRecvError()
 	}
 
+	useRelays := c.GetBool("relay.use_relays", DefaultUseRelays) && !c.GetBool("relay.am_relay", false)
+
 	handshakeConfig := HandshakeConfig{
 		tryInterval:   c.GetDuration("handshakes.try_interval", DefaultHandshakeTryInterval),
 		retries:       int64(c.GetInt("handshakes.retries", DefaultHandshakeRetries)),
 		triggerBuffer: c.GetInt("handshakes.trigger_buffer", DefaultHandshakeTriggerBuffer),
+		useRelays:     useRelays,
+
 		messageMetrics: messageMetrics,
 	}
 
 	handshakeManager := NewHandshakeManager(l, hostMap, lightHouse, udpConns[0], handshakeConfig)
 	lightHouse.handshakeTrigger = handshakeManager.trigger
 
-	ds, err := newDnsServerFromConfig(ctx, l, pki, hostMap, c)
+	ds, err := newDnsServerFromConfig(ctx, l, pki.getCertState(), hostMap, c)
 	if err != nil {
 		l.Warn("Failed to start DNS responder", "error", err)
 	}
@@ -251,8 +244,6 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, l *slog.Logger, dev
 
 		handshakeManager.f = ifce
 		go handshakeManager.Run(ctx)
-
-		punchy.Start(ctx, ifce, hostMap, lightHouse)
 	}
 
 	stats, err := newStatsServerFromConfig(ctx, l, c, buildVersion, configTest)
@@ -268,8 +259,6 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, l *slog.Logger, dev
 
 	attachCommands(l, c, ssh, ifce)
 
-	networkChanges := udp.NewNetworkChangeMonitor(ctx, l, c)
-
 	return &Control{
 		state:                  StateReady,
 		f:                      ifce,
@@ -280,7 +269,6 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, l *slog.Logger, dev
 		statsStart:             stats.Start,
 		dnsStart:               ds.Start,
 		lighthouseStart:        lightHouse.StartUpdateWorker,
-		networkChangeStart:     networkChanges.Start,
 		connectionManagerStart: connManager.Start,
 	}, nil
 }

message_metrics.go

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@ type MessageMetrics struct {
 
 	rxUnknown metrics.Counter
 	txUnknown metrics.Counter
-
-	rxInvalid metrics.Counter
 }
 
 func (m *MessageMetrics) Rx(t header.MessageType, s header.MessageSubType, i int64) {
@@ -35,11 +33,6 @@ func (m *MessageMetrics) Tx(t header.MessageType, s header.MessageSubType, i int
 		}
 	}
 }
-func (m *MessageMetrics) RxInvalid(i int64) {
-	if m != nil && m.rxInvalid != nil {
-		m.rxInvalid.Inc(i)
-	}
-}
 
 func newMessageMetrics() *MessageMetrics {
 	gen := func(t string) [][]metrics.Counter {
@@ -63,7 +56,6 @@ func newMessageMetrics() *MessageMetrics {
 
 		rxUnknown: metrics.GetOrRegisterCounter("messages.rx.other", nil),
 		txUnknown: metrics.GetOrRegisterCounter("messages.tx.other", nil),
-		rxInvalid: metrics.GetOrRegisterCounter("messages.rx.invalid", nil),
 	}
 }
 

nebula.pb.go

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func (x NebulaControl_MessageType) String() string {
 }
 
 func (NebulaControl_MessageType) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_2d65afa7693df5ef, []int{6, 0}
+	return fileDescriptor_2d65afa7693df5ef, []int{8, 0}
 }
 
 type NebulaMeta struct {
@@ -489,6 +489,142 @@ func (m *NebulaPing) GetTime() uint64 {
 	return 0
 }
 
+type NebulaHandshake struct {
+	Details *NebulaHandshakeDetails `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=Details,proto3" json:"Details,omitempty"`
+	Hmac    []byte                  `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=Hmac,proto3" json:"Hmac,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) Reset()         { *m = NebulaHandshake{} }
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*NebulaHandshake) ProtoMessage()    {}
+func (*NebulaHandshake) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_2d65afa7693df5ef, []int{6}
+}
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	return m.Unmarshal(b)
+}
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	if deterministic {
+		return xxx_messageInfo_NebulaHandshake.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+	} else {
+		b = b[:cap(b)]
+		n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(b)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return b[:n], nil
+	}
+}
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_NebulaHandshake.Merge(m, src)
+}
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) XXX_Size() int {
+	return m.Size()
+}
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_NebulaHandshake.DiscardUnknown(m)
+}
+
+var xxx_messageInfo_NebulaHandshake proto.InternalMessageInfo
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) GetDetails() *NebulaHandshakeDetails {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Details
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) GetHmac() []byte {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Hmac
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type NebulaHandshakeDetails struct {
+	Cert           []byte `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=Cert,proto3" json:"Cert,omitempty"`
+	InitiatorIndex uint32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=InitiatorIndex,proto3" json:"InitiatorIndex,omitempty"`
+	ResponderIndex uint32 `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=ResponderIndex,proto3" json:"ResponderIndex,omitempty"`
+	Cookie         uint64 `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=Cookie,proto3" json:"Cookie,omitempty"`
+	Time           uint64 `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=Time,proto3" json:"Time,omitempty"`
+	CertVersion    uint32 `protobuf:"varint,8,opt,name=CertVersion,proto3" json:"CertVersion,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) Reset()         { *m = NebulaHandshakeDetails{} }
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
+func (*NebulaHandshakeDetails) ProtoMessage()    {}
+func (*NebulaHandshakeDetails) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_2d65afa7693df5ef, []int{7}
+}
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	return m.Unmarshal(b)
+}
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	if deterministic {
+		return xxx_messageInfo_NebulaHandshakeDetails.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+	} else {
+		b = b[:cap(b)]
+		n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(b)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return b[:n], nil
+	}
+}
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_NebulaHandshakeDetails.Merge(m, src)
+}
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) XXX_Size() int {
+	return m.Size()
+}
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_NebulaHandshakeDetails.DiscardUnknown(m)
+}
+
+var xxx_messageInfo_NebulaHandshakeDetails proto.InternalMessageInfo
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) GetCert() []byte {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Cert
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) GetInitiatorIndex() uint32 {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.InitiatorIndex
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) GetResponderIndex() uint32 {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.ResponderIndex
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) GetCookie() uint64 {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Cookie
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) GetTime() uint64 {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Time
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) GetCertVersion() uint32 {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.CertVersion
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 type NebulaControl struct {
 	Type                NebulaControl_MessageType `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=Type,proto3,enum=nebula.NebulaControl_MessageType" json:"Type,omitempty"`
 	InitiatorRelayIndex uint32                    `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=InitiatorRelayIndex,proto3" json:"InitiatorRelayIndex,omitempty"`
@@ -503,7 +639,7 @@ func (m *NebulaControl) Reset()         { *m = NebulaControl{} }
 func (m *NebulaControl) String() string { return proto.CompactTextString(m) }
 func (*NebulaControl) ProtoMessage()    {}
 func (*NebulaControl) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return fileDescriptor_2d65afa7693df5ef, []int{6}
+	return fileDescriptor_2d65afa7693df5ef, []int{8}
 }
 func (m *NebulaControl) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
 	return m.Unmarshal(b)
@@ -593,55 +729,65 @@ func init() {
 	proto.RegisterType((*V4AddrPort)(nil), "nebula.V4AddrPort")
 	proto.RegisterType((*V6AddrPort)(nil), "nebula.V6AddrPort")
 	proto.RegisterType((*NebulaPing)(nil), "nebula.NebulaPing")
+	proto.RegisterType((*NebulaHandshake)(nil), "nebula.NebulaHandshake")
+	proto.RegisterType((*NebulaHandshakeDetails)(nil), "nebula.NebulaHandshakeDetails")
 	proto.RegisterType((*NebulaControl)(nil), "nebula.NebulaControl")
 }
 
 func init() { proto.RegisterFile("nebula.proto", fileDescriptor_2d65afa7693df5ef) }
 
 var fileDescriptor_2d65afa7693df5ef = []byte{
-	// 665 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
-	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0x84, 0x54, 0xcd, 0x6e, 0xd3, 0x5c,
-	0x10, 0x8d, 0x1d, 0x27, 0x69, 0x27, 0x4d, 0x3e, 0x7f, 0x53, 0x51, 0x12, 0x24, 0xac, 0xe0, 0x45,
-	0x55, 0xb1, 0x48, 0x51, 0x5a, 0xba, 0xa6, 0x2d, 0x42, 0xa9, 0xd4, 0x9f, 0x70, 0x55, 0x8a, 0xc4,
-	0xce, 0xb5, 0x2f, 0x8d, 0x55, 0xc7, 0x37, 0xb5, 0x6f, 0x50, 0xf3, 0x16, 0x3c, 0x0c, 0x0f, 0x01,
-	0xbb, 0x2e, 0x59, 0xa2, 0x66, 0xc9, 0x92, 0x17, 0x40, 0xf7, 0xfa, 0xbf, 0x31, 0xb0, 0xbb, 0x33,
-	0xe7, 0x9c, 0x99, 0xc9, 0xc9, 0x8c, 0x61, 0xcd, 0xa7, 0x97, 0x33, 0xcf, 0xea, 0x4f, 0x03, 0xc6,
-	0x19, 0xd6, 0xa3, 0xc8, 0xfc, 0xa9, 0x02, 0x9c, 0xca, 0xe7, 0x09, 0xe5, 0x16, 0x0e, 0x40, 0x3b,
-	0x9f, 0x4f, 0x69, 0x47, 0xe9, 0x29, 0x5b, 0xed, 0x81, 0xd1, 0x8f, 0x35, 0x19, 0xa3, 0x7f, 0x42,
-	0xc3, 0xd0, 0xba, 0xa2, 0x82, 0x45, 0x24, 0x17, 0x77, 0xa0, 0xf1, 0x9a, 0x72, 0xcb, 0xf5, 0xc2,
-	0x8e, 0xda, 0x53, 0xb6, 0x9a, 0x83, 0xee, 0xb2, 0x2c, 0x26, 0x90, 0x84, 0x69, 0xfe, 0x52, 0xa0,
-	0x99, 0x2b, 0x85, 0x2b, 0xa0, 0x9d, 0x32, 0x9f, 0xea, 0x15, 0x6c, 0xc1, 0xea, 0x90, 0x85, 0xfc,
-	0xed, 0x8c, 0x06, 0x73, 0x5d, 0x41, 0x84, 0x76, 0x1a, 0x12, 0x3a, 0xf5, 0xe6, 0xba, 0x8a, 0x4f,
-	0x60, 0x43, 0xe4, 0xde, 0x4d, 0x1d, 0x8b, 0xd3, 0x53, 0xc6, 0xdd, 0x8f, 0xae, 0x6d, 0x71, 0x97,
-	0xf9, 0x7a, 0x15, 0xbb, 0xf0, 0x48, 0x60, 0x27, 0xec, 0x13, 0x75, 0x0a, 0x90, 0x96, 0x40, 0xa3,
-	0x99, 0x6f, 0x8f, 0x0b, 0x50, 0x0d, 0xdb, 0x00, 0x02, 0x7a, 0x3f, 0x66, 0xd6, 0xc4, 0xd5, 0xeb,
-	0xb8, 0x0e, 0xff, 0x65, 0x71, 0xd4, 0xb6, 0x21, 0x26, 0x1b, 0x59, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x38, 0xa6, 0xf6,
-	0xb5, 0xbe, 0x22, 0x26, 0x4b, 0xc3, 0x88, 0xb2, 0x8a, 0x4f, 0xa1, 0x5b, 0x3e, 0xd9, 0xbe, 0x7d,
-	0xad, 0x83, 0xf9, 0x4d, 0x85, 0xff, 0x97, 0x4c, 0x41, 0x13, 0xe0, 0xcc, 0x73, 0x2e, 0xa6, 0xfe,
-	0xbe, 0xe3, 0x04, 0xd2, 0xfa, 0xd6, 0x81, 0xda, 0x51, 0x48, 0x2e, 0x8b, 0x9b, 0xd0, 0x48, 0x08,
-	0x75, 0x69, 0xf2, 0x5a, 0x62, 0xb2, 0xc8, 0x91, 0x04, 0xc4, 0x3e, 0xe8, 0x67, 0x9e, 0x43, 0xa8,
-	0x67, 0xcd, 0xe3, 0x54, 0xd8, 0xa9, 0xf5, 0xaa, 0x71, 0xc5, 0x25, 0x0c, 0x07, 0xd0, 0x2a, 0x92,
-	0x1b, 0xbd, 0xea, 0x52, 0xf5, 0x22, 0x05, 0x77, 0xa1, 0x79, 0xb1, 0x2b, 0x9e, 0x23, 0x16, 0x70,
-	0xf1, 0xa7, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x26, 0x8a, 0x0c, 0x22, 0x79, 0x9a, 0x54, 0xed, 0x65, 0x2a, 0xed, 0x81,
-	0x6a, 0x2f, 0xa7, 0xca, 0x68, 0xd8, 0x81, 0x86, 0xcd, 0x66, 0x3e, 0xa7, 0x41, 0xa7, 0x2a, 0x8c,
-	0x21, 0x49, 0x68, 0x6e, 0x82, 0x26, 0x7f, 0x71, 0x1b, 0xd4, 0xa1, 0x2b, 0x5d, 0xd3, 0x88, 0x3a,
-	0x74, 0x45, 0x7c, 0xcc, 0xe4, 0x26, 0x6a, 0x44, 0x3d, 0x66, 0xe6, 0x2e, 0x40, 0x36, 0x06, 0x62,
-	0xa4, 0x8a, 0x5c, 0x26, 0x51, 0x05, 0x04, 0x4d, 0x60, 0x52, 0xd3, 0x22, 0xf2, 0x6d, 0xbe, 0x02,
-	0xc8, 0xc6, 0xf8, 0x57, 0x8f, 0xb4, 0x42, 0x35, 0x57, 0xe1, 0x36, 0x39, 0xac, 0x91, 0xeb, 0x5f,
-	0xfd, 0xfd, 0xb0, 0x04, 0xa3, 0xe4, 0xb0, 0x10, 0xb4, 0x73, 0x77, 0x42, 0xe3, 0x3e, 0xf2, 0x6d,
-	0x9a, 0x4b, 0x67, 0x23, 0xc4, 0x7a, 0x05, 0x57, 0xa1, 0x16, 0x2d, 0xa1, 0x62, 0x7e, 0xa9, 0x42,
-	0x2b, 0x2a, 0x7c, 0xc8, 0x7c, 0x1e, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x5f, 0x16, 0xba, 0x3f, 0x2b, 0x76, 0x8f, 0x49,
-	0x25, 0x03, 0xbc, 0x80, 0xf5, 0x23, 0xdf, 0xe5, 0xae, 0xc5, 0x59, 0x20, 0x57, 0xe0, 0xc8, 0x77,
-	0xe8, 0x6d, 0xec, 0x53, 0x19, 0x24, 0x14, 0x84, 0x86, 0x53, 0xe6, 0x3b, 0x34, 0xaf, 0x88, 0x7c,
-	0x29, 0x83, 0xf0, 0x39, 0xb4, 0x93, 0xa5, 0x3c, 0x67, 0xf2, 0xaf, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0x03, 0x78, 0x80,
-	0xe4, 0x97, 0xfb, 0x4d, 0xc0, 0x26, 0x92, 0x5d, 0x4b, 0xd9, 0x4b, 0x18, 0xf6, 0xa1, 0x99, 0x2f,
-	0x5c, 0x76, 0x38, 0x79, 0x42, 0x7a, 0x0c, 0x69, 0xf1, 0x46, 0x89, 0xa2, 0x48, 0x31, 0x87, 0x7f,
-	0xfa, 0x8e, 0x6d, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x06, 0xd4, 0xe2, 0x54, 0xf2, 0x09, 0xbd, 0x99, 0xd1, 0x90, 0xeb,
-	0x0a, 0x3e, 0x86, 0xf5, 0x42, 0x5e, 0x58, 0x12, 0x52, 0x5d, 0x3d, 0xd8, 0xf9, 0x7a, 0x6f, 0x28,
-	0x77, 0xf7, 0x86, 0xf2, 0xe3, 0xde, 0x50, 0x3e, 0x2f, 0x8c, 0xca, 0xdd, 0xc2, 0xa8, 0x7c, 0x5f,
-	0x18, 0x95, 0x0f, 0xdd, 0x2b, 0x97, 0x8f, 0x67, 0x97, 0x7d, 0x9b, 0x4d, 0xb6, 0x43, 0xcf, 0xb2,
-	0xaf, 0xc7, 0x37, 0xdb, 0xd1, 0x48, 0x97, 0x75, 0xf9, 0x39, 0xdf, 0xf9, 0x1d, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff,
-	0xff, 0x51, 0x0a, 0xe3, 0xd7, 0xde, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00,
+	// 785 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
+	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0x84, 0x55, 0xcd, 0x6e, 0xeb, 0x44,
+	0x14, 0x8e, 0x1d, 0x27, 0x4e, 0x4f, 0x7e, 0xae, 0x39, 0x15, 0xc1, 0x41, 0x22, 0x0a, 0x5e, 0x54,
+	0x57, 0x2c, 0x72, 0x51, 0x5a, 0xae, 0x58, 0x72, 0x1b, 0x84, 0xd2, 0xaa, 0x3f, 0x61, 0x54, 0x8a,
+	0xc4, 0x06, 0xb9, 0xf6, 0xd0, 0x58, 0x71, 0x3c, 0xa9, 0x3d, 0x41, 0xcd, 0x5b, 0xf0, 0x30, 0x3c,
+	0x04, 0xec, 0xba, 0x42, 0x2c, 0x51, 0xbb, 0x64, 0xc9, 0x0b, 0xa0, 0x19, 0xff, 0x27, 0x86, 0xbb,
+	0x9b, 0x73, 0xbe, 0xef, 0x3b, 0x73, 0xe6, 0xf3, 0x9c, 0x31, 0x74, 0x02, 0x7a, 0xb7, 0xf1, 0xed,
+	0xf1, 0x3a, 0x64, 0x9c, 0x61, 0x33, 0x8e, 0xac, 0xbf, 0x55, 0x80, 0x2b, 0xb9, 0xbc, 0xa4, 0xdc,
+	0xc6, 0x09, 0x68, 0x37, 0xdb, 0x35, 0x35, 0x95, 0x91, 0xf2, 0xba, 0x37, 0x19, 0x8e, 0x13, 0x4d,
+	0xce, 0x18, 0x5f, 0xd2, 0x28, 0xb2, 0xef, 0xa9, 0x60, 0x11, 0xc9, 0xc5, 0x63, 0xd0, 0xbf, 0xa6,
+	0xdc, 0xf6, 0xfc, 0xc8, 0x54, 0x47, 0xca, 0xeb, 0xf6, 0x64, 0xb0, 0x2f, 0x4b, 0x08, 0x24, 0x65,
+	0x5a, 0xff, 0x28, 0xd0, 0x2e, 0x94, 0xc2, 0x16, 0x68, 0x57, 0x2c, 0xa0, 0x46, 0x0d, 0xbb, 0x70,
+	0x30, 0x63, 0x11, 0xff, 0x76, 0x43, 0xc3, 0xad, 0xa1, 0x20, 0x42, 0x2f, 0x0b, 0x09, 0x5d, 0xfb,
+	0x5b, 0x43, 0xc5, 0x8f, 0xa1, 0x2f, 0x72, 0xdf, 0xad, 0x5d, 0x9b, 0xd3, 0x2b, 0xc6, 0xbd, 0x9f,
+	0x3c, 0xc7, 0xe6, 0x1e, 0x0b, 0x8c, 0x3a, 0x0e, 0xe0, 0x43, 0x81, 0x5d, 0xb2, 0x9f, 0xa9, 0x5b,
+	0x82, 0xb4, 0x14, 0x9a, 0x6f, 0x02, 0x67, 0x51, 0x82, 0x1a, 0xd8, 0x03, 0x10, 0xd0, 0xf7, 0x0b,
+	0x66, 0xaf, 0x3c, 0xa3, 0x89, 0x87, 0xf0, 0x2a, 0x8f, 0xe3, 0x6d, 0x75, 0xd1, 0xd9, 0xdc, 0xe6,
+	0x8b, 0xe9, 0x82, 0x3a, 0x4b, 0xa3, 0x25, 0x3a, 0xcb, 0xc2, 0x98, 0x72, 0x80, 0x9f, 0xc0, 0xa0,
+	0xba, 0xb3, 0x77, 0xce, 0xd2, 0x00, 0xeb, 0x77, 0x15, 0x3e, 0xd8, 0x33, 0x05, 0x2d, 0x80, 0x6b,
+	0xdf, 0xbd, 0x5d, 0x07, 0xef, 0x5c, 0x37, 0x94, 0xd6, 0x77, 0x4f, 0x55, 0x53, 0x21, 0x85, 0x2c,
+	0x1e, 0x81, 0x9e, 0x12, 0x9a, 0xd2, 0xe4, 0x4e, 0x6a, 0xb2, 0xc8, 0x91, 0x14, 0xc4, 0x31, 0x18,
+	0xd7, 0xbe, 0x4b, 0xa8, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x93, 0x54, 0x64, 0x36, 0x46, 0xf5, 0xa4, 0xe2, 0x1e, 0x86,
+	0x13, 0xe8, 0x96, 0xc9, 0xfa, 0xa8, 0xbe, 0x57, 0xbd, 0x4c, 0xc1, 0x13, 0x68, 0xdf, 0x9e, 0x88,
+	0xe5, 0x9c, 0x85, 0x5c, 0x7c, 0x74, 0xa1, 0xc0, 0x54, 0x91, 0x43, 0xa4, 0x48, 0x93, 0xaa, 0xb7,
+	0xb9, 0x4a, 0xdb, 0x51, 0xbd, 0x2d, 0xa8, 0x72, 0x1a, 0x9a, 0xa0, 0x3b, 0x6c, 0x13, 0x70, 0x1a,
+	0x9a, 0x75, 0x61, 0x0c, 0x49, 0x43, 0xeb, 0x08, 0x34, 0x79, 0xe2, 0x1e, 0xa8, 0x33, 0x4f, 0xba,
+	0xa6, 0x11, 0x75, 0xe6, 0x89, 0xf8, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x9b, 0xa8, 0x11, 0xf5, 0x82, 0x59, 0x27, 0x00,
+	0x79, 0x1b, 0x88, 0xb1, 0x2a, 0x76, 0x99, 0xc4, 0x15, 0x10, 0x34, 0x81, 0x49, 0x4d, 0x97, 0xc8,
+	0xb5, 0xf5, 0x15, 0x40, 0xde, 0xc6, 0xfb, 0xf6, 0xc8, 0x2a, 0xd4, 0x0b, 0x15, 0x1e, 0xd3, 0xc1,
+	0x9a, 0x7b, 0xc1, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x0f, 0x96, 0x60, 0x54, 0x0c, 0x16, 0x82, 0x76, 0xe3, 0xad, 0x68,
+	0xb2, 0x8f, 0x5c, 0x5b, 0xd6, 0xde, 0xd8, 0x08, 0xb1, 0x51, 0xc3, 0x03, 0x68, 0xc4, 0x97, 0x50,
+	0xb1, 0x7e, 0x84, 0x57, 0x71, 0xdd, 0x99, 0x1d, 0xb8, 0xd1, 0xc2, 0x5e, 0x52, 0xfc, 0x32, 0x9f,
+	0x51, 0x45, 0x5e, 0x9f, 0x9d, 0x0e, 0x32, 0xe6, 0xee, 0xa0, 0x8a, 0x26, 0x66, 0x2b, 0xdb, 0x91,
+	0x4d, 0x74, 0x88, 0x5c, 0x5b, 0x7f, 0x28, 0xd0, 0xaf, 0xd6, 0x09, 0xfa, 0x94, 0x86, 0x5c, 0xee,
+	0xd2, 0x21, 0x72, 0x8d, 0x47, 0xd0, 0x3b, 0x0b, 0x3c, 0xee, 0xd9, 0x9c, 0x85, 0x67, 0x81, 0x4b,
+	0x1f, 0x13, 0xa7, 0x77, 0xb2, 0x82, 0x47, 0x68, 0xb4, 0x66, 0x81, 0x4b, 0x13, 0x5e, 0xec, 0xe7,
+	0x4e, 0x16, 0xfb, 0xd0, 0x9c, 0x32, 0xb6, 0xf4, 0xa8, 0xa9, 0x49, 0x67, 0x92, 0x28, 0xf3, 0xab,
+	0x91, 0xfb, 0x85, 0x23, 0x68, 0x8b, 0x1e, 0x6e, 0x69, 0x18, 0x79, 0x2c, 0x30, 0x5b, 0xb2, 0x60,
+	0x31, 0x75, 0xae, 0xb5, 0x9a, 0x86, 0x7e, 0xae, 0xb5, 0x74, 0xa3, 0x65, 0xfd, 0x5a, 0x87, 0x6e,
+	0x7c, 0xb0, 0x29, 0x0b, 0x78, 0xc8, 0x7c, 0xfc, 0xa2, 0xf4, 0xdd, 0x3e, 0x2d, 0xbb, 0x96, 0x90,
+	0x2a, 0x3e, 0xdd, 0xe7, 0x70, 0x98, 0x1d, 0x4e, 0x0e, 0x4f, 0xf1, 0xdc, 0x55, 0x90, 0x50, 0x64,
+	0xc7, 0x2c, 0x28, 0x62, 0x07, 0xaa, 0x20, 0xfc, 0x0c, 0x7a, 0xe9, 0x38, 0xdf, 0x30, 0x79, 0xa9,
+	0xb5, 0xec, 0xe9, 0xd8, 0x41, 0x8a, 0xcf, 0xc2, 0x37, 0x21, 0x5b, 0x49, 0x76, 0x23, 0x63, 0xef,
+	0x61, 0x38, 0x86, 0x76, 0xb1, 0x70, 0xd5, 0x93, 0x53, 0x24, 0x64, 0xcf, 0x48, 0x56, 0x5c, 0xaf,
+	0x50, 0x94, 0x29, 0xd6, 0xec, 0xbf, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x7d, 0xc0, 0x69, 0x48, 0x6d, 0x4e, 0x25, 0x9f,
+	0xd0, 0x87, 0x0d, 0x8d, 0xb8, 0xa1, 0xe0, 0x47, 0x70, 0x58, 0xca, 0x0b, 0x4b, 0x22, 0x6a, 0xa8,
+	0xa7, 0xc7, 0xbf, 0x3d, 0x0f, 0x95, 0xa7, 0xe7, 0xa1, 0xf2, 0xd7, 0xf3, 0x50, 0xf9, 0xe5, 0x65,
+	0x58, 0x7b, 0x7a, 0x19, 0xd6, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x19, 0xd6, 0x7e, 0x18, 0xdc, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0xb1, 0xb9,
+	0x1b, 0x3b, 0x6c, 0xf5, 0x26, 0xf2, 0x6d, 0x67, 0xb9, 0x78, 0x78, 0x13, 0xb7, 0x74, 0xd7, 0x94,
+	0x3f, 0xc2, 0xe3, 0x7f, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xea, 0x6f, 0xbc, 0x50, 0x18, 0x07, 0x00,
+	0x00,
 }
 
 func (m *NebulaMeta) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
@@ -926,6 +1072,103 @@ func (m *NebulaPing) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
 }
 
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
+	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return dAtA[:n], nil
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	i := len(dAtA)
+	_ = i
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if len(m.Hmac) > 0 {
+		i -= len(m.Hmac)
+		copy(dAtA[i:], m.Hmac)
+		i = encodeVarintNebula(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.Hmac)))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x12
+	}
+	if m.Details != nil {
+		{
+			size, err := m.Details.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			i -= size
+			i = encodeVarintNebula(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
+		}
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0xa
+	}
+	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
+	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return dAtA[:n], nil
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	i := len(dAtA)
+	_ = i
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if m.CertVersion != 0 {
+		i = encodeVarintNebula(dAtA, i, uint64(m.CertVersion))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x40
+	}
+	if m.Time != 0 {
+		i = encodeVarintNebula(dAtA, i, uint64(m.Time))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x28
+	}
+	if m.Cookie != 0 {
+		i = encodeVarintNebula(dAtA, i, uint64(m.Cookie))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x20
+	}
+	if m.ResponderIndex != 0 {
+		i = encodeVarintNebula(dAtA, i, uint64(m.ResponderIndex))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x18
+	}
+	if m.InitiatorIndex != 0 {
+		i = encodeVarintNebula(dAtA, i, uint64(m.InitiatorIndex))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x10
+	}
+	if len(m.Cert) > 0 {
+		i -= len(m.Cert)
+		copy(dAtA[i:], m.Cert)
+		i = encodeVarintNebula(dAtA, i, uint64(len(m.Cert)))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0xa
+	}
+	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
+}
+
 func (m *NebulaControl) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
 	size := m.Size()
 	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
@@ -1132,6 +1375,51 @@ func (m *NebulaPing) Size() (n int) {
 	return n
 }
 
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) Size() (n int) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if m.Details != nil {
+		l = m.Details.Size()
+		n += 1 + l + sovNebula(uint64(l))
+	}
+	l = len(m.Hmac)
+	if l > 0 {
+		n += 1 + l + sovNebula(uint64(l))
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) Size() (n int) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	l = len(m.Cert)
+	if l > 0 {
+		n += 1 + l + sovNebula(uint64(l))
+	}
+	if m.InitiatorIndex != 0 {
+		n += 1 + sovNebula(uint64(m.InitiatorIndex))
+	}
+	if m.ResponderIndex != 0 {
+		n += 1 + sovNebula(uint64(m.ResponderIndex))
+	}
+	if m.Cookie != 0 {
+		n += 1 + sovNebula(uint64(m.Cookie))
+	}
+	if m.Time != 0 {
+		n += 1 + sovNebula(uint64(m.Time))
+	}
+	if m.CertVersion != 0 {
+		n += 1 + sovNebula(uint64(m.CertVersion))
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
 func (m *NebulaControl) Size() (n int) {
 	if m == nil {
 		return 0
@@ -1948,6 +2236,305 @@ func (m *NebulaPing) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+func (m *NebulaHandshake) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
+	l := len(dAtA)
+	iNdEx := 0
+	for iNdEx < l {
+		preIndex := iNdEx
+		var wire uint64
+		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+			if shift >= 64 {
+				return ErrIntOverflowNebula
+			}
+			if iNdEx >= l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+			iNdEx++
+			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+			if b < 0x80 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
+		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
+		if wireType == 4 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: NebulaHandshake: wiretype end group for non-group")
+		}
+		if fieldNum <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: NebulaHandshake: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
+		}
+		switch fieldNum {
+		case 1:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Details", wireType)
+			}
+			var msglen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowNebula
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if msglen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthNebula
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthNebula
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			if m.Details == nil {
+				m.Details = &NebulaHandshakeDetails{}
+			}
+			if err := m.Details.Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 2:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Hmac", wireType)
+			}
+			var byteLen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowNebula
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				byteLen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if byteLen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthNebula
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + byteLen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthNebula
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.Hmac = append(m.Hmac[:0], dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]...)
+			if m.Hmac == nil {
+				m.Hmac = []byte{}
+			}
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		default:
+			iNdEx = preIndex
+			skippy, err := skipNebula(dAtA[iNdEx:])
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthNebula
+			}
+			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			iNdEx += skippy
+		}
+	}
+
+	if iNdEx > l {
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func (m *NebulaHandshakeDetails) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
+	l := len(dAtA)
+	iNdEx := 0
+	for iNdEx < l {
+		preIndex := iNdEx
+		var wire uint64
+		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+			if shift >= 64 {
+				return ErrIntOverflowNebula
+			}
+			if iNdEx >= l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+			iNdEx++
+			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+			if b < 0x80 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
+		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
+		if wireType == 4 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: NebulaHandshakeDetails: wiretype end group for non-group")
+		}
+		if fieldNum <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: NebulaHandshakeDetails: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
+		}
+		switch fieldNum {
+		case 1:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Cert", wireType)
+			}
+			var byteLen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowNebula
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				byteLen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if byteLen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthNebula
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + byteLen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthNebula
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			m.Cert = append(m.Cert[:0], dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]...)
+			if m.Cert == nil {
+				m.Cert = []byte{}
+			}
+			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 2:
+			if wireType != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field InitiatorIndex", wireType)
+			}
+			m.InitiatorIndex = 0
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowNebula
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				m.InitiatorIndex |= uint32(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		case 3:
+			if wireType != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field ResponderIndex", wireType)
+			}
+			m.ResponderIndex = 0
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowNebula
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				m.ResponderIndex |= uint32(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		case 4:
+			if wireType != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Cookie", wireType)
+			}
+			m.Cookie = 0
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowNebula
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				m.Cookie |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		case 5:
+			if wireType != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Time", wireType)
+			}
+			m.Time = 0
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowNebula
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				m.Time |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		case 8:
+			if wireType != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field CertVersion", wireType)
+			}
+			m.CertVersion = 0
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowNebula
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				m.CertVersion |= uint32(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		default:
+			iNdEx = preIndex
+			skippy, err := skipNebula(dAtA[iNdEx:])
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if (skippy < 0) || (iNdEx+skippy) < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthNebula
+			}
+			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			iNdEx += skippy
+		}
+	}
+
+	if iNdEx > l {
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	return nil
+}
 func (m *NebulaControl) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	l := len(dAtA)
 	iNdEx := 0

nebula.proto

@@ -60,9 +60,21 @@ message NebulaPing {
 	uint64 Time = 2;
 }
 
-// NebulaHandshake / NebulaHandshakeDetails moved to
-// handshake/handshake.proto. The handshake package speaks that wire format
-// directly via a hand-written encoder/decoder.
+message NebulaHandshake {
+  NebulaHandshakeDetails Details = 1;
+  bytes Hmac = 2;
+}
+
+message NebulaHandshakeDetails {
+  bytes Cert = 1;
+  uint32 InitiatorIndex = 2;
+  uint32 ResponderIndex = 3;
+  uint64 Cookie = 4;
+  uint64 Time = 5;
+  uint32 CertVersion = 8;
+  // reserved for WIP multiport
+  reserved 6, 7;
+}
 
 message NebulaControl {
   enum MessageType {