try to fix windows?

it is about 4.4% better on the bench-cpu-long cpu usage test

.github/workflows/gofmt.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Linux/BSD All
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
           mv build/*.tar.gz release
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: linux-latest
           path: release
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Windows
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
           mv dist\windows\wintun build\dist\windows\
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: windows-latest
           path: build
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
       HAS_SIGNING_CREDS: ${{ secrets.AC_USERNAME != '' }}
     runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: darwin-latest
           path: ./release/*
@@ -124,11 +124,11 @@ jobs:
       # be overwritten
       - name: Checkout code
         if: ${{ env.HAS_DOCKER_CREDS == 'true' }}
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Download artifacts
         if: ${{ env.HAS_DOCKER_CREDS == 'true' }}
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: linux-latest
           path: artifacts
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ jobs:
     needs: [build-linux, build-darwin, build-windows]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Download artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v6
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: artifacts
 

.github/workflows/smoke-extra.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:

.github/workflows/smoke.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
       run: make vet
 
     - name: golangci-lint
-      uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
+      uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v8
       with:
         version: v2.5
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build test mobile
       run: make build-test-mobile
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: e2e packet flow linux-latest
         path: e2e/mermaid/linux-latest
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
         os: [windows-latest, macos-latest]
     steps:
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with:
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ jobs:
       run: make vet
 
     - name: golangci-lint
-      uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
+      uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v8
       with:
         version: v2.5
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: End 2 end
       run: make e2evv
 
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v5
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: e2e packet flow ${{ matrix.os }}
         path: e2e/mermaid/${{ matrix.os }}

bits.go

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func (b *Bits) Check(l logrus.FieldLogger, i uint64) bool {
 	}
 
 	// Not within the window
-	l.Debugf("rejected a packet (top) %d %d delta %d\n", b.current, i, b.current-i)
+	l.Debugf("rejected a packet (top) %d %d\n", b.current, i)
 	return false
 }
 

cert_test/cert.go

@@ -114,33 +114,6 @@ func NewTestCert(v cert.Version, curve cert.Curve, ca cert.Certificate, key []by
 	return c, pub, cert.MarshalPrivateKeyToPEM(curve, priv), pem
 }
 
-func NewTestCertDifferentVersion(c cert.Certificate, v cert.Version, ca cert.Certificate, key []byte) (cert.Certificate, []byte) {
-	nc := &cert.TBSCertificate{
-		Version:        v,
-		Curve:          c.Curve(),
-		Name:           c.Name(),
-		Networks:       c.Networks(),
-		UnsafeNetworks: c.UnsafeNetworks(),
-		Groups:         c.Groups(),
-		NotBefore:      time.Unix(c.NotBefore().Unix(), 0),
-		NotAfter:       time.Unix(c.NotAfter().Unix(), 0),
-		PublicKey:      c.PublicKey(),
-		IsCA:           false,
-	}
-
-	c, err := nc.Sign(ca, ca.Curve(), key)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	pem, err := c.MarshalPEM()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	return c, pem
-}
-
 func X25519Keypair() ([]byte, []byte) {
 	privkey := make([]byte, 32)
 	if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, privkey); err != nil {

cmd/nebula/main.go

@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@ package main
 import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	_ "net/http/pprof"
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -61,10 +58,6 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
-	go func() {
-		log.Println(http.ListenAndServe("0.0.0.0:6060", nil))
-	}()
-
 	if !*configTest {
 		ctrl.Start()
 		notifyReady(l)

config/config.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 	"dario.cat/mergo"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v3"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 type C struct {

config/config_test.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v3"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 func TestConfig_Load(t *testing.T) {

connection_manager.go

@@ -354,6 +354,7 @@ func (cm *connectionManager) makeTrafficDecision(localIndex uint32, now time.Tim
 
 		if mainHostInfo {
 			decision = tryRehandshake
+
 		} else {
 			if cm.shouldSwapPrimary(hostinfo) {
 				decision = swapPrimary
@@ -460,10 +461,6 @@ func (cm *connectionManager) shouldSwapPrimary(current *HostInfo) bool {
 	}
 
 	crt := cm.intf.pki.getCertState().getCertificate(current.ConnectionState.myCert.Version())
-	if crt == nil {
-		//my cert was reloaded away. We should definitely swap from this tunnel
-		return true
-	}
 	// If this tunnel is using the latest certificate then we should swap it to primary for a bit and see if things
 	// settle down.
 	return bytes.Equal(current.ConnectionState.myCert.Signature(), crt.Signature())
@@ -478,34 +475,31 @@ func (cm *connectionManager) swapPrimary(current, primary *HostInfo) {
 	cm.hostMap.Unlock()
 }
 
-// isInvalidCertificate decides if we should destroy a tunnel.
+// isInvalidCertificate will check if we should destroy a tunnel if pki.disconnect_invalid is true and
-// returns true if pki.disconnect_invalid is true and the certificate is no longer valid.
+// the certificate is no longer valid. Block listed certificates will skip the pki.disconnect_invalid
-// Blocklisted certificates will skip the pki.disconnect_invalid check and return true.
+// check and return true.
 func (cm *connectionManager) isInvalidCertificate(now time.Time, hostinfo *HostInfo) bool {
 	remoteCert := hostinfo.GetCert()
 	if remoteCert == nil {
-		return false //don't tear down tunnels for handshakes in progress
+		return false
 	}
 
 	caPool := cm.intf.pki.GetCAPool()
 	err := caPool.VerifyCachedCertificate(now, remoteCert)
 	if err == nil {
-		return false //cert is still valid! yay!
-	} else if err == cert.ErrBlockListed { //avoiding errors.Is for speed
-		// Block listed certificates should always be disconnected
-		hostinfo.logger(cm.l).WithError(err).
-			WithField("fingerprint", remoteCert.Fingerprint).
-			Info("Remote certificate is blocked, tearing down the tunnel")
-		return true
-	} else if cm.intf.disconnectInvalid.Load() {
-		hostinfo.logger(cm.l).WithError(err).
-			WithField("fingerprint", remoteCert.Fingerprint).
-			Info("Remote certificate is no longer valid, tearing down the tunnel")
-		return true
-	} else {
-		//if we reach here, the cert is no longer valid, but we're configured to keep tunnels from now-invalid certs open
 		return false
 	}
+
+	if !cm.intf.disconnectInvalid.Load() && err != cert.ErrBlockListed {
+		// Block listed certificates should always be disconnected
+		return false
+	}
+
+	hostinfo.logger(cm.l).WithError(err).
+		WithField("fingerprint", remoteCert.Fingerprint).
+		Info("Remote certificate is no longer valid, tearing down the tunnel")
+
+	return true
 }
 
 func (cm *connectionManager) sendPunch(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
@@ -536,45 +530,15 @@ func (cm *connectionManager) sendPunch(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
 func (cm *connectionManager) tryRehandshake(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
 	cs := cm.intf.pki.getCertState()
 	curCrt := hostinfo.ConnectionState.myCert
-	curCrtVersion := curCrt.Version()
+	myCrt := cs.getCertificate(curCrt.Version())
-	myCrt := cs.getCertificate(curCrtVersion)
+	if curCrt.Version() >= cs.initiatingVersion && bytes.Equal(curCrt.Signature(), myCrt.Signature()) == true {
-	if myCrt == nil {
+		// The current tunnel is using the latest certificate and version, no need to rehandshake.
-		cm.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).
-			WithField("version", curCrtVersion).
-			WithField("reason", "local certificate removed").
-			Info("Re-handshaking with remote")
-		cm.intf.handshakeManager.StartHandshake(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], nil)
 		return
 	}
-	peerCrt := hostinfo.ConnectionState.peerCert
-	if peerCrt != nil && curCrtVersion < peerCrt.Certificate.Version() {
-		// if our certificate version is less than theirs, and we have a matching version available, rehandshake?
-		if cs.getCertificate(peerCrt.Certificate.Version()) != nil {
-			cm.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).
-				WithField("version", curCrtVersion).
-				WithField("peerVersion", peerCrt.Certificate.Version()).
-				WithField("reason", "local certificate version lower than peer, attempting to correct").
-				Info("Re-handshaking with remote")
-			cm.intf.handshakeManager.StartHandshake(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], func(hh *HandshakeHostInfo) {
-				hh.initiatingVersionOverride = peerCrt.Certificate.Version()
-			})
-			return
-		}
-	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(curCrt.Signature(), myCrt.Signature()) {
-		cm.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).
-			WithField("reason", "local certificate is not current").
-			Info("Re-handshaking with remote")
 
-		cm.intf.handshakeManager.StartHandshake(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], nil)
+	cm.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).
-		return
+		WithField("reason", "local certificate is not current").
-	}
+		Info("Re-handshaking with remote")
-	if curCrtVersion < cs.initiatingVersion {
-		cm.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).
-			WithField("reason", "current cert version < pki.initiatingVersion").
-			Info("Re-handshaking with remote")
 
-		cm.intf.handshakeManager.StartHandshake(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], nil)
+	cm.intf.handshakeManager.StartHandshake(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], nil)
-		return
-	}
 }

connection_state.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/noiseutil"
 )
 
-const ReplayWindow = 4096
+const ReplayWindow = 1024
 
 type ConnectionState struct {
 	eKey           *NebulaCipherState

control_tester.go

@@ -174,10 +174,6 @@ func (c *Control) GetHostmap() *HostMap {
 	return c.f.hostMap
 }
 
-func (c *Control) GetF() *Interface {
-	return c.f
-}
-
 func (c *Control) GetCertState() *CertState {
 	return c.f.pki.getCertState()
 }

e2e/handshakes_test.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v3"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 func BenchmarkHotPath(b *testing.B) {
@@ -97,41 +97,6 @@ func TestGoodHandshake(t *testing.T) {
 	theirControl.Stop()
 }
 
-func TestGoodHandshakeNoOverlap(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me", "10.128.0.1/24", nil)
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "them", "2001::69/24", nil) //look ma, cross-stack!
-
-	// Put their info in our lighthouse
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-
-	// Start the servers
-	myControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	empty := []byte{}
-	t.Log("do something to cause a handshake")
-	myControl.GetF().SendMessageToVpnAddr(header.Test, header.MessageNone, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), empty, empty, empty)
-
-	t.Log("Have them consume my stage 0 packet. They have a tunnel now")
-	theirControl.InjectUDPPacket(myControl.GetFromUDP(true))
-
-	t.Log("Get their stage 1 packet")
-	stage1Packet := theirControl.GetFromUDP(true)
-
-	t.Log("Have me consume their stage 1 packet. I have a tunnel now")
-	myControl.InjectUDPPacket(stage1Packet)
-
-	t.Log("Wait until we see a test packet come through to make sure we give the tunnel time to complete")
-	myControl.WaitForType(header.Test, 0, theirControl)
-
-	t.Log("Make sure our host infos are correct")
-	assertHostInfoPair(t, myUdpAddr, theirUdpAddr, myVpnIpNet, theirVpnIpNet, myControl, theirControl)
-
-	myControl.Stop()
-	theirControl.Stop()
-}
-
 func TestWrongResponderHandshake(t *testing.T) {
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 
@@ -499,35 +464,6 @@ func TestRelays(t *testing.T) {
 	r.RenderHostmaps("Final hostmaps", myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
 }
 
-func TestRelaysDontCareAboutIps(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
-	relayControl, relayVpnIpNet, relayUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "relay  ", "2001::9999/24", m{"relay": m{"am_relay": true}})
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "them   ", "10.128.0.2/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
-
-	// Teach my how to get to the relay and that their can be reached via the relay
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(relayVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), relayUdpAddr)
-	myControl.InjectRelays(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), []netip.Addr{relayVpnIpNet[0].Addr()})
-	relayControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-
-	// Build a router so we don't have to reason who gets which packet
-	r := router.NewR(t, myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	// Start the servers
-	myControl.Start()
-	relayControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	t.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them via the relay")
-	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
-
-	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
-	r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
-	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me"), p, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, 80)
-	r.RenderHostmaps("Final hostmaps", myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
-}
-
 func TestReestablishRelays(t *testing.T) {
 	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
 	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version1, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
@@ -1291,109 +1227,3 @@ func TestV2NonPrimaryWithLighthouse(t *testing.T) {
 	myControl.Stop()
 	theirControl.Stop()
 }
-
-func TestV2NonPrimaryWithOffNetLighthouse(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	lhControl, lhVpnIpNet, lhUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "lh  ", "2001::1/64", m{"lighthouse": m{"am_lighthouse": true}})
-
-	o := m{
-		"static_host_map": m{
-			lhVpnIpNet[0].Addr().String(): []string{lhUdpAddr.String()},
-		},
-		"lighthouse": m{
-			"hosts": []string{lhVpnIpNet[0].Addr().String()},
-			"local_allow_list": m{
-				// Try and block our lighthouse updates from using the actual addresses assigned to this computer
-				// If we start discovering addresses the test router doesn't know about then test traffic cant flow
-				"10.0.0.0/24": true,
-				"::/0":        false,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me  ", "10.128.0.2/24, ff::2/64", o)
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "them", "10.128.0.3/24, ff::3/64", o)
-
-	// Build a router so we don't have to reason who gets which packet
-	r := router.NewR(t, lhControl, myControl, theirControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	// Start the servers
-	lhControl.Start()
-	myControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	t.Log("Stand up an ipv6 tunnel between me and them")
-	assert.True(t, myVpnIpNet[1].Addr().Is6())
-	assert.True(t, theirVpnIpNet[1].Addr().Is6())
-	assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[1].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[1].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-
-	lhControl.Stop()
-	myControl.Stop()
-	theirControl.Stop()
-}
-
-func TestGoodHandshakeUnsafeDest(t *testing.T) {
-	unsafePrefix := "192.168.6.0/24"
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServerWithUdpAndUnsafeNetworks(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "spooky", "10.128.0.2/24", netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.64.0.2:4242"), unsafePrefix, nil)
-	route := m{"route": unsafePrefix, "via": theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr().String()}
-	myCfg := m{
-		"tun": m{
-			"unsafe_routes": []m{route},
-		},
-	}
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, myConfig := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me", "10.128.0.1/24", myCfg)
-	t.Logf("my config %v", myConfig)
-	// Put their info in our lighthouse
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-
-	spookyDest := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.6.4")
-
-	// Start the servers
-	myControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	t.Log("Send a udp packet through to begin standing up the tunnel, this should come out the other side")
-	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(spookyDest, 80, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
-
-	t.Log("Have them consume my stage 0 packet. They have a tunnel now")
-	theirControl.InjectUDPPacket(myControl.GetFromUDP(true))
-
-	t.Log("Get their stage 1 packet so that we can play with it")
-	stage1Packet := theirControl.GetFromUDP(true)
-
-	t.Log("I consume a garbage packet with a proper nebula header for our tunnel")
-	// this should log a statement and get ignored, allowing the real handshake packet to complete the tunnel
-	badPacket := stage1Packet.Copy()
-	badPacket.Data = badPacket.Data[:len(badPacket.Data)-header.Len]
-	myControl.InjectUDPPacket(badPacket)
-
-	t.Log("Have me consume their real stage 1 packet. I have a tunnel now")
-	myControl.InjectUDPPacket(stage1Packet)
-
-	t.Log("Wait until we see my cached packet come through")
-	myControl.WaitForType(1, 0, theirControl)
-
-	t.Log("Make sure our host infos are correct")
-	assertHostInfoPair(t, myUdpAddr, theirUdpAddr, myVpnIpNet, theirVpnIpNet, myControl, theirControl)
-
-	t.Log("Get that cached packet and make sure it looks right")
-	myCachedPacket := theirControl.GetFromTun(true)
-	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me"), myCachedPacket, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), spookyDest, 80, 80)
-
-	//reply
-	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, spookyDest, 80, []byte("Hi from the spookyman"))
-	//wait for reply
-	theirControl.WaitForType(1, 0, myControl)
-	theirCachedPacket := myControl.GetFromTun(true)
-	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from the spookyman"), theirCachedPacket, spookyDest, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), 80, 80)
-
-	t.Log("Do a bidirectional tunnel test")
-	r := router.NewR(t, myControl, theirControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-	assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-
-	r.RenderHostmaps("Final hostmaps", myControl, theirControl)
-	myControl.Stop()
-	theirControl.Stop()
-}

e2e/helpers_test.go

@@ -22,14 +22,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/e2e/router"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
-	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v3"
 )
 
 type m = map[string]any
 
 // newSimpleServer creates a nebula instance with many assumptions
 func newSimpleServer(v cert.Version, caCrt cert.Certificate, caKey []byte, name string, sVpnNetworks string, overrides m) (*nebula.Control, []netip.Prefix, netip.AddrPort, *config.C) {
+	l := NewTestLogger()
+
 	var vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix
 	for _, sn := range strings.Split(sVpnNetworks, ",") {
 		vpnIpNet, err := netip.ParsePrefix(strings.TrimSpace(sn))
@@ -55,54 +56,7 @@ func newSimpleServer(v cert.Version, caCrt cert.Certificate, caKey []byte, name
 		budpIp[3] = 239
 		udpAddr = netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(budpIp), 4242)
 	}
-	return newSimpleServerWithUdp(v, caCrt, caKey, name, sVpnNetworks, udpAddr, overrides)
+	_, _, myPrivKey, myPEM := cert_test.NewTestCert(v, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, caCrt, caKey, name, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(5*time.Minute), vpnNetworks, nil, []string{})
-}
-
-func newSimpleServerWithUdp(v cert.Version, caCrt cert.Certificate, caKey []byte, name string, sVpnNetworks string, udpAddr netip.AddrPort, overrides m) (*nebula.Control, []netip.Prefix, netip.AddrPort, *config.C) {
-	return newSimpleServerWithUdpAndUnsafeNetworks(v, caCrt, caKey, name, sVpnNetworks, udpAddr, "", overrides)
-}
-
-func newSimpleServerWithUdpAndUnsafeNetworks(v cert.Version, caCrt cert.Certificate, caKey []byte, name string, sVpnNetworks string, udpAddr netip.AddrPort, sUnsafeNetworks string, overrides m) (*nebula.Control, []netip.Prefix, netip.AddrPort, *config.C) {
-	l := NewTestLogger()
-
-	var vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix
-	for _, sn := range strings.Split(sVpnNetworks, ",") {
-		vpnIpNet, err := netip.ParsePrefix(strings.TrimSpace(sn))
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		vpnNetworks = append(vpnNetworks, vpnIpNet)
-	}
-
-	if len(vpnNetworks) == 0 {
-		panic("no vpn networks")
-	}
-
-	firewallInbound := []m{{
-		"proto": "any",
-		"port":  "any",
-		"host":  "any",
-	}}
-
-	var unsafeNetworks []netip.Prefix
-	if sUnsafeNetworks != "" {
-		firewallInbound = []m{{
-			"proto":      "any",
-			"port":       "any",
-			"host":       "any",
-			"local_cidr": "0.0.0.0/0",
-		}}
-
-		for _, sn := range strings.Split(sUnsafeNetworks, ",") {
-			x, err := netip.ParsePrefix(strings.TrimSpace(sn))
-			if err != nil {
-				panic(err)
-			}
-			unsafeNetworks = append(unsafeNetworks, x)
-		}
-	}
-
-	_, _, myPrivKey, myPEM := cert_test.NewTestCert(v, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, caCrt, caKey, name, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(5*time.Minute), vpnNetworks, unsafeNetworks, []string{})
 
 	caB, err := caCrt.MarshalPEM()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -122,7 +76,11 @@ func newSimpleServerWithUdpAndUnsafeNetworks(v cert.Version, caCrt cert.Certific
 				"port":  "any",
 				"host":  "any",
 			}},
-			"inbound": firewallInbound,
+			"inbound": []m{{
+				"proto": "any",
+				"port":  "any",
+				"host":  "any",
+			}},
 		},
 		//"handshakes": m{
 		//	"try_interval": "1s",
@@ -171,109 +129,6 @@ func newSimpleServerWithUdpAndUnsafeNetworks(v cert.Version, caCrt cert.Certific
 	return control, vpnNetworks, udpAddr, c
 }
 
-// newServer creates a nebula instance with fewer assumptions
-func newServer(caCrt []cert.Certificate, certs []cert.Certificate, key []byte, overrides m) (*nebula.Control, []netip.Prefix, netip.AddrPort, *config.C) {
-	l := NewTestLogger()
-
-	vpnNetworks := certs[len(certs)-1].Networks()
-
-	var udpAddr netip.AddrPort
-	if vpnNetworks[0].Addr().Is4() {
-		budpIp := vpnNetworks[0].Addr().As4()
-		budpIp[1] -= 128
-		udpAddr = netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom4(budpIp), 4242)
-	} else {
-		budpIp := vpnNetworks[0].Addr().As16()
-		// beef for funsies
-		budpIp[2] = 190
-		budpIp[3] = 239
-		udpAddr = netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(budpIp), 4242)
-	}
-
-	caStr := ""
-	for _, ca := range caCrt {
-		x, err := ca.MarshalPEM()
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		caStr += string(x)
-	}
-	certStr := ""
-	for _, c := range certs {
-		x, err := c.MarshalPEM()
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		certStr += string(x)
-	}
-
-	mc := m{
-		"pki": m{
-			"ca":   caStr,
-			"cert": certStr,
-			"key":  string(key),
-		},
-		//"tun": m{"disabled": true},
-		"firewall": m{
-			"outbound": []m{{
-				"proto": "any",
-				"port":  "any",
-				"host":  "any",
-			}},
-			"inbound": []m{{
-				"proto": "any",
-				"port":  "any",
-				"host":  "any",
-			}},
-		},
-		//"handshakes": m{
-		//	"try_interval": "1s",
-		//},
-		"listen": m{
-			"host": udpAddr.Addr().String(),
-			"port": udpAddr.Port(),
-		},
-		"logging": m{
-			"timestamp_format": fmt.Sprintf("%v 15:04:05.000000", certs[0].Name()),
-			"level":            l.Level.String(),
-		},
-		"timers": m{
-			"pending_deletion_interval": 2,
-			"connection_alive_interval": 2,
-		},
-	}
-
-	if overrides != nil {
-		final := m{}
-		err := mergo.Merge(&final, overrides, mergo.WithAppendSlice)
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		err = mergo.Merge(&final, mc, mergo.WithAppendSlice)
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		mc = final
-	}
-
-	cb, err := yaml.Marshal(mc)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	c := config.NewC(l)
-	cStr := string(cb)
-	c.LoadString(cStr)
-
-	control, err := nebula.Main(c, false, "e2e-test", l, nil)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	return control, vpnNetworks, udpAddr, c
-}
-
 type doneCb func()
 
 func deadline(t *testing.T, seconds time.Duration) doneCb {
@@ -308,10 +163,10 @@ func assertHostInfoPair(t *testing.T, addrA, addrB netip.AddrPort, vpnNetsA, vpn
 	// Get both host infos
 	//TODO: CERT-V2 we may want to loop over each vpnAddr and assert all the things
 	hBinA := controlA.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(vpnNetsB[0].Addr(), false)
-	require.NotNil(t, hBinA, "Host B was not found by vpnAddr in controlA")
+	assert.NotNil(t, hBinA, "Host B was not found by vpnAddr in controlA")
 
 	hAinB := controlB.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(vpnNetsA[0].Addr(), false)
-	require.NotNil(t, hAinB, "Host A was not found by vpnAddr in controlB")
+	assert.NotNil(t, hAinB, "Host A was not found by vpnAddr in controlB")
 
 	// Check that both vpn and real addr are correct
 	assert.EqualValues(t, getAddrs(vpnNetsB), hBinA.VpnAddrs, "Host B VpnIp is wrong in control A")

e2e/tunnels_test.go

@@ -4,16 +4,12 @@
 package e2e
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/e2e/router"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 func TestDropInactiveTunnels(t *testing.T) {
@@ -59,309 +55,3 @@ func TestDropInactiveTunnels(t *testing.T) {
 	myControl.Stop()
 	theirControl.Stop()
 }
-
-func TestCertUpgrade(t *testing.T) {
-	// The goal of this test is to ensure the shortest inactivity timeout will close the tunnel on both sides
-	// under ideal conditions
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	caB, err := ca.MarshalPEM()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	ca2, _, caKey2, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-
-	ca2B, err := ca2.MarshalPEM()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	caStr := fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s", caB, ca2B)
-
-	myCert, _, myPrivKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca, caKey, "me", time.Now(), time.Now().Add(5*time.Minute), []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.128.0.1/24")}, nil, []string{})
-	_, myCert2Pem := cert_test.NewTestCertDifferentVersion(myCert, cert.Version2, ca2, caKey2)
-
-	theirCert, _, theirPrivKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca, caKey, "them", time.Now(), time.Now().Add(5*time.Minute), []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.128.0.2/24")}, nil, []string{})
-	theirCert2, _ := cert_test.NewTestCertDifferentVersion(theirCert, cert.Version2, ca2, caKey2)
-
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, myC := newServer([]cert.Certificate{ca, ca2}, []cert.Certificate{myCert}, myPrivKey, m{})
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newServer([]cert.Certificate{ca, ca2}, []cert.Certificate{theirCert, theirCert2}, theirPrivKey, m{})
-
-	// Share our underlay information
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-	theirControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myUdpAddr)
-
-	// Start the servers
-	myControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	r := router.NewR(t, myControl, theirControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	r.Log("Assert the tunnel between me and them works")
-	assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-	r.Log("yay")
-	//todo ???
-	time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-	r.FlushAll()
-
-	mc := m{
-		"pki": m{
-			"ca":   caStr,
-			"cert": string(myCert2Pem),
-			"key":  string(myPrivKey),
-		},
-		//"tun": m{"disabled": true},
-		"firewall": myC.Settings["firewall"],
-		//"handshakes": m{
-		//	"try_interval": "1s",
-		//},
-		"listen":  myC.Settings["listen"],
-		"logging": myC.Settings["logging"],
-		"timers":  myC.Settings["timers"],
-	}
-
-	cb, err := yaml.Marshal(mc)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	r.Logf("reload new v2-only config")
-	err = myC.ReloadConfigString(string(cb))
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	r.Log("yay, spin until their sees it")
-	waitStart := time.Now()
-	for {
-		assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-		c := theirControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), false)
-		if c == nil {
-			r.Log("nil")
-		} else {
-			version := c.Cert.Version()
-			r.Logf("version %d", version)
-			if version == cert.Version2 {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		since := time.Since(waitStart)
-		if since > time.Second*10 {
-			t.Fatal("Cert should be new by now")
-		}
-		time.Sleep(time.Second)
-	}
-
-	r.RenderHostmaps("Final hostmaps", myControl, theirControl)
-
-	myControl.Stop()
-	theirControl.Stop()
-}
-
-func TestCertDowngrade(t *testing.T) {
-	// The goal of this test is to ensure the shortest inactivity timeout will close the tunnel on both sides
-	// under ideal conditions
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	caB, err := ca.MarshalPEM()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	ca2, _, caKey2, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-
-	ca2B, err := ca2.MarshalPEM()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	caStr := fmt.Sprintf("%s\n%s", caB, ca2B)
-
-	myCert, _, myPrivKey, myCertPem := cert_test.NewTestCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca, caKey, "me", time.Now(), time.Now().Add(5*time.Minute), []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.128.0.1/24")}, nil, []string{})
-	myCert2, _ := cert_test.NewTestCertDifferentVersion(myCert, cert.Version2, ca2, caKey2)
-
-	theirCert, _, theirPrivKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca, caKey, "them", time.Now(), time.Now().Add(5*time.Minute), []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.128.0.2/24")}, nil, []string{})
-	theirCert2, _ := cert_test.NewTestCertDifferentVersion(theirCert, cert.Version2, ca2, caKey2)
-
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, myC := newServer([]cert.Certificate{ca, ca2}, []cert.Certificate{myCert2}, myPrivKey, m{})
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newServer([]cert.Certificate{ca, ca2}, []cert.Certificate{theirCert, theirCert2}, theirPrivKey, m{})
-
-	// Share our underlay information
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-	theirControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myUdpAddr)
-
-	// Start the servers
-	myControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	r := router.NewR(t, myControl, theirControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	r.Log("Assert the tunnel between me and them works")
-	//assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, myControl, r)
-	//r.Log("yay")
-	assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-	r.Log("yay")
-	//todo ???
-	time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-	r.FlushAll()
-
-	mc := m{
-		"pki": m{
-			"ca":   caStr,
-			"cert": string(myCertPem),
-			"key":  string(myPrivKey),
-		},
-		"firewall": myC.Settings["firewall"],
-		"listen":   myC.Settings["listen"],
-		"logging":  myC.Settings["logging"],
-		"timers":   myC.Settings["timers"],
-	}
-
-	cb, err := yaml.Marshal(mc)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	r.Logf("reload new v1-only config")
-	err = myC.ReloadConfigString(string(cb))
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	r.Log("yay, spin until their sees it")
-	waitStart := time.Now()
-	for {
-		assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-		c := theirControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), false)
-		c2 := myControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), false)
-		if c == nil || c2 == nil {
-			r.Log("nil")
-		} else {
-			version := c.Cert.Version()
-			theirVersion := c2.Cert.Version()
-			r.Logf("version %d,%d", version, theirVersion)
-			if version == cert.Version1 {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		since := time.Since(waitStart)
-		if since > time.Second*5 {
-			r.Log("it is unusual that the cert is not new yet, but not a failure yet")
-		}
-		if since > time.Second*10 {
-			r.Log("wtf")
-			t.Fatal("Cert should be new by now")
-		}
-		time.Sleep(time.Second)
-	}
-
-	r.RenderHostmaps("Final hostmaps", myControl, theirControl)
-
-	myControl.Stop()
-	theirControl.Stop()
-}
-
-func TestCertMismatchCorrection(t *testing.T) {
-	// The goal of this test is to ensure the shortest inactivity timeout will close the tunnel on both sides
-	// under ideal conditions
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	ca2, _, caKey2, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-
-	myCert, _, myPrivKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca, caKey, "me", time.Now(), time.Now().Add(5*time.Minute), []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.128.0.1/24")}, nil, []string{})
-	myCert2, _ := cert_test.NewTestCertDifferentVersion(myCert, cert.Version2, ca2, caKey2)
-
-	theirCert, _, theirPrivKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCert(cert.Version1, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, ca, caKey, "them", time.Now(), time.Now().Add(5*time.Minute), []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.128.0.2/24")}, nil, []string{})
-	theirCert2, _ := cert_test.NewTestCertDifferentVersion(theirCert, cert.Version2, ca2, caKey2)
-
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, myUdpAddr, _ := newServer([]cert.Certificate{ca, ca2}, []cert.Certificate{myCert2}, myPrivKey, m{})
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newServer([]cert.Certificate{ca, ca2}, []cert.Certificate{theirCert, theirCert2}, theirPrivKey, m{})
-
-	// Share our underlay information
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-	theirControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myUdpAddr)
-
-	// Start the servers
-	myControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	r := router.NewR(t, myControl, theirControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	r.Log("Assert the tunnel between me and them works")
-	//assertTunnel(t, theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirControl, myControl, r)
-	//r.Log("yay")
-	assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-	r.Log("yay")
-	//todo ???
-	time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-	r.FlushAll()
-
-	waitStart := time.Now()
-	for {
-		assertTunnel(t, myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), myControl, theirControl, r)
-		c := theirControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(myVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), false)
-		c2 := myControl.GetHostInfoByVpnAddr(theirVpnIpNet[0].Addr(), false)
-		if c == nil || c2 == nil {
-			r.Log("nil")
-		} else {
-			version := c.Cert.Version()
-			theirVersion := c2.Cert.Version()
-			r.Logf("version %d,%d", version, theirVersion)
-			if version == theirVersion {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		since := time.Since(waitStart)
-		if since > time.Second*5 {
-			r.Log("wtf")
-		}
-		if since > time.Second*10 {
-			r.Log("wtf")
-			t.Fatal("Cert should be new by now")
-		}
-		time.Sleep(time.Second)
-	}
-
-	r.RenderHostmaps("Final hostmaps", myControl, theirControl)
-
-	myControl.Stop()
-	theirControl.Stop()
-}
-
-func TestCrossStackRelaysWork(t *testing.T) {
-	ca, _, caKey, _ := cert_test.NewTestCaCert(cert.Version2, cert.Curve_CURVE25519, time.Now(), time.Now().Add(10*time.Minute), nil, nil, []string{})
-	myControl, myVpnIpNet, _, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "me     ", "10.128.0.1/24,fc00::1/64", m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
-	relayControl, relayVpnIpNet, relayUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServer(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "relay  ", "10.128.0.128/24,fc00::128/64", m{"relay": m{"am_relay": true}})
-	theirUdp := netip.MustParseAddrPort("10.0.0.2:4242")
-	theirControl, theirVpnIpNet, theirUdpAddr, _ := newSimpleServerWithUdp(cert.Version2, ca, caKey, "them   ", "fc00::2/64", theirUdp, m{"relay": m{"use_relays": true}})
-
-	//myVpnV4 := myVpnIpNet[0]
-	myVpnV6 := myVpnIpNet[1]
-	relayVpnV4 := relayVpnIpNet[0]
-	relayVpnV6 := relayVpnIpNet[1]
-	theirVpnV6 := theirVpnIpNet[0]
-
-	// Teach my how to get to the relay and that their can be reached via the relay
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(relayVpnV4.Addr(), relayUdpAddr)
-	myControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(relayVpnV6.Addr(), relayUdpAddr)
-	myControl.InjectRelays(theirVpnV6.Addr(), []netip.Addr{relayVpnV6.Addr()})
-	relayControl.InjectLightHouseAddr(theirVpnV6.Addr(), theirUdpAddr)
-
-	// Build a router so we don't have to reason who gets which packet
-	r := router.NewR(t, myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
-	defer r.RenderFlow()
-
-	// Start the servers
-	myControl.Start()
-	relayControl.Start()
-	theirControl.Start()
-
-	t.Log("Trigger a handshake from me to them via the relay")
-	myControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from me"))
-
-	p := r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(theirControl)
-	r.Log("Assert the tunnel works")
-	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from me"), p, myVpnV6.Addr(), theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, 80)
-
-	t.Log("reply?")
-	theirControl.InjectTunUDPPacket(myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, theirVpnV6.Addr(), 80, []byte("Hi from them"))
-	p = r.RouteForAllUntilTxTun(myControl)
-	assertUdpPacket(t, []byte("Hi from them"), p, theirVpnV6.Addr(), myVpnV6.Addr(), 80, 80)
-
-	r.RenderHostmaps("Final hostmaps", myControl, relayControl, theirControl)
-	//t.Log("finish up")
-	//myControl.Stop()
-	//theirControl.Stop()
-	//relayControl.Stop()
-}

firewall.go

@@ -417,45 +417,30 @@ func AddFirewallRulesFromConfig(l *logrus.Logger, inbound bool, c *config.C, fw
 	return nil
 }
 
-var ErrUnknownNetworkType = errors.New("unknown network type")
+var ErrInvalidRemoteIP = errors.New("remote IP is not in remote certificate subnets")
-var ErrPeerRejected = errors.New("remote address is not within a network that we handle")
+var ErrInvalidLocalIP = errors.New("local IP is not in list of handled local IPs")
-var ErrInvalidRemoteIP = errors.New("remote address is not in remote certificate networks")
-var ErrInvalidLocalIP = errors.New("local address is not in list of handled local addresses")
 var ErrNoMatchingRule = errors.New("no matching rule in firewall table")
 
 // Drop returns an error if the packet should be dropped, explaining why. It
 // returns nil if the packet should not be dropped.
-func (f *Firewall) Drop(fp firewall.Packet, incoming bool, h *HostInfo, caPool *cert.CAPool, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache, now time.Time) error {
+func (f *Firewall) Drop(fp firewall.Packet, incoming bool, h *HostInfo, caPool *cert.CAPool, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache) error {
 	// Check if we spoke to this tuple, if we did then allow this packet
-	if f.inConns(fp, h, caPool, localCache, now) {
+	if f.inConns(fp, h, caPool, localCache) {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Make sure remote address matches nebula certificate, and determine how to treat it
+	// Make sure remote address matches nebula certificate
-	if h.networks == nil {
+	if h.networks != nil {
-		// Simple case: Certificate has one address and no unsafe networks
+		if !h.networks.Contains(fp.RemoteAddr) {
-		if h.vpnAddrs[0] != fp.RemoteAddr {
 			f.metrics(incoming).droppedRemoteAddr.Inc(1)
 			return ErrInvalidRemoteIP
 		}
 	} else {
-		nwType, ok := h.networks.Lookup(fp.RemoteAddr)
+		// Simple case: Certificate has one address and no unsafe networks
-		if !ok {
+		if h.vpnAddrs[0] != fp.RemoteAddr {
 			f.metrics(incoming).droppedRemoteAddr.Inc(1)
 			return ErrInvalidRemoteIP
 		}
-		switch nwType {
-		case NetworkTypeVPN:
-			break // nothing special
-		case NetworkTypeVPNPeer:
-			f.metrics(incoming).droppedRemoteAddr.Inc(1)
-			return ErrPeerRejected // reject for now, one day this may have different FW rules
-		case NetworkTypeUnsafe:
-			break // nothing special, one day this may have different FW rules
-		default:
-			f.metrics(incoming).droppedRemoteAddr.Inc(1)
-			return ErrUnknownNetworkType //should never happen
-		}
 	}
 
 	// Make sure we are supposed to be handling this local ip address
@@ -476,7 +461,7 @@ func (f *Firewall) Drop(fp firewall.Packet, incoming bool, h *HostInfo, caPool *
 	}
 
 	// We always want to conntrack since it is a faster operation
-	f.addConn(fp, incoming, now)
+	f.addConn(fp, incoming)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -505,7 +490,7 @@ func (f *Firewall) EmitStats() {
 	metrics.GetOrRegisterGauge("firewall.rules.hash", nil).Update(int64(f.GetRuleHashFNV()))
 }
 
-func (f *Firewall) inConns(fp firewall.Packet, h *HostInfo, caPool *cert.CAPool, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache, now time.Time) bool {
+func (f *Firewall) inConns(fp firewall.Packet, h *HostInfo, caPool *cert.CAPool, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache) bool {
 	if localCache != nil {
 		if _, ok := localCache[fp]; ok {
 			return true
@@ -517,7 +502,7 @@ func (f *Firewall) inConns(fp firewall.Packet, h *HostInfo, caPool *cert.CAPool,
 	// Purge every time we test
 	ep, has := conntrack.TimerWheel.Purge()
 	if has {
-		f.evict(ep, now)
+		f.evict(ep)
 	}
 
 	c, ok := conntrack.Conns[fp]
@@ -564,11 +549,11 @@ func (f *Firewall) inConns(fp firewall.Packet, h *HostInfo, caPool *cert.CAPool,
 
 	switch fp.Protocol {
 	case firewall.ProtoTCP:
-		c.Expires = now.Add(f.TCPTimeout)
+		c.Expires = time.Now().Add(f.TCPTimeout)
 	case firewall.ProtoUDP:
-		c.Expires = now.Add(f.UDPTimeout)
+		c.Expires = time.Now().Add(f.UDPTimeout)
 	default:
-		c.Expires = now.Add(f.DefaultTimeout)
+		c.Expires = time.Now().Add(f.DefaultTimeout)
 	}
 
 	conntrack.Unlock()
@@ -580,7 +565,7 @@ func (f *Firewall) inConns(fp firewall.Packet, h *HostInfo, caPool *cert.CAPool,
 	return true
 }
 
-func (f *Firewall) addConn(fp firewall.Packet, incoming bool, now time.Time) {
+func (f *Firewall) addConn(fp firewall.Packet, incoming bool) {
 	var timeout time.Duration
 	c := &conn{}
 
@@ -596,7 +581,7 @@ func (f *Firewall) addConn(fp firewall.Packet, incoming bool, now time.Time) {
 	conntrack := f.Conntrack
 	conntrack.Lock()
 	if _, ok := conntrack.Conns[fp]; !ok {
-		conntrack.TimerWheel.Advance(now)
+		conntrack.TimerWheel.Advance(time.Now())
 		conntrack.TimerWheel.Add(fp, timeout)
 	}
 
@@ -604,14 +589,14 @@ func (f *Firewall) addConn(fp firewall.Packet, incoming bool, now time.Time) {
 	// firewall reload
 	c.incoming = incoming
 	c.rulesVersion = f.rulesVersion
-	c.Expires = now.Add(timeout)
+	c.Expires = time.Now().Add(timeout)
 	conntrack.Conns[fp] = c
 	conntrack.Unlock()
 }
 
 // Evict checks if a conntrack entry has expired, if so it is removed, if not it is re-added to the wheel
 // Caller must own the connMutex lock!
-func (f *Firewall) evict(p firewall.Packet, now time.Time) {
+func (f *Firewall) evict(p firewall.Packet) {
 	// Are we still tracking this conn?
 	conntrack := f.Conntrack
 	t, ok := conntrack.Conns[p]
@@ -619,11 +604,11 @@ func (f *Firewall) evict(p firewall.Packet, now time.Time) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	newT := t.Expires.Sub(now)
+	newT := t.Expires.Sub(time.Now())
 
 	// Timeout is in the future, re-add the timer
 	if newT > 0 {
-		conntrack.TimerWheel.Advance(now)
+		conntrack.TimerWheel.Advance(time.Now())
 		conntrack.TimerWheel.Add(p, newT)
 		return
 	}

firewall_test.go

@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/firewall"
@@ -151,8 +149,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
-	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
+
-	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("1.1.1.1/8"))
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"),
 		RemoteAddr: netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"),
@@ -177,7 +174,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4")},
 	}
-	h.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, &c)
+	h.buildNetworks(c.networks, c.unsafeNetworks)
 
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, &c)
 	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"any"}, "", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
@@ -229,9 +226,6 @@ func TestFirewall_DropV6(t *testing.T) {
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
 
-	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/7"))
-
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("fd12::34"),
 		RemoteAddr: netip.MustParseAddr("fd12::34"),
@@ -256,7 +250,7 @@ func TestFirewall_DropV6(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("fd12::34")},
 	}
-	h.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, &c)
+	h.buildNetworks(c.networks, c.unsafeNetworks)
 
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, &c)
 	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"any"}, "", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
@@ -459,8 +453,6 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop2(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
-	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("1.1.1.1/8"))
 
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"),
@@ -486,7 +478,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop2(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c.Certificate)
+	h.buildNetworks(c.Certificate.Networks(), c.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	c1 := cert.CachedCertificate{
 		Certificate: &dummyCert{
@@ -501,7 +493,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop2(t *testing.T) {
 			peerCert: &c1,
 		},
 	}
-	h1.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c1.Certificate)
+	h1.buildNetworks(c1.Certificate.Networks(), c1.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, c.Certificate)
 	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"default-group", "test-group"}, "", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
@@ -518,8 +510,6 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
-	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("1.1.1.1/8"))
 
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"),
@@ -551,7 +541,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h1.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c1.Certificate)
+	h1.buildNetworks(c1.Certificate.Networks(), c1.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	c2 := cert.CachedCertificate{
 		Certificate: &dummyCert{
@@ -566,7 +556,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h2.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c2.Certificate)
+	h2.buildNetworks(c2.Certificate.Networks(), c2.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	c3 := cert.CachedCertificate{
 		Certificate: &dummyCert{
@@ -581,7 +571,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h3.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c3.Certificate)
+	h3.buildNetworks(c3.Certificate.Networks(), c3.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, c.Certificate)
 	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 1, 1, []string{}, "host1", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
@@ -607,8 +597,6 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3V6(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
-	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/7"))
 
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("fd12::34"),
@@ -632,7 +620,7 @@ func TestFirewall_Drop3V6(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c.Certificate)
+	h.buildNetworks(c.Certificate.Networks(), c.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	// Test a remote address match
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, c.Certificate)
@@ -645,8 +633,6 @@ func TestFirewall_DropConntrackReload(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
-	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("1.1.1.1/8"))
 
 	p := firewall.Packet{
 		LocalAddr:  netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"),
@@ -673,7 +659,7 @@ func TestFirewall_DropConntrackReload(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{network.Addr()},
 	}
-	h.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c.Certificate)
+	h.buildNetworks(c.Certificate.Networks(), c.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, c.Certificate)
 	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"any"}, "", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
@@ -710,8 +696,6 @@ func TestFirewall_DropIPSpoofing(t *testing.T) {
 	l := test.NewLogger()
 	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	l.SetOutput(ob)
-	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.1/24"))
 
 	c := cert.CachedCertificate{
 		Certificate: &dummyCert{
@@ -733,7 +717,7 @@ func TestFirewall_DropIPSpoofing(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		vpnAddrs: []netip.Addr{c1.Certificate.Networks()[0].Addr()},
 	}
-	h1.buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable, c1.Certificate)
+	h1.buildNetworks(c1.Certificate.Networks(), c1.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, c.Certificate)
 
@@ -1063,171 +1047,6 @@ func TestFirewall_convertRule(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "group1", r.Group)
 }
 
-type testcase struct {
-	h   *HostInfo
-	p   firewall.Packet
-	c   cert.Certificate
-	err error
-}
-
-func (c *testcase) Test(t *testing.T, fw *Firewall) {
-	t.Helper()
-	cp := cert.NewCAPool()
-	resetConntrack(fw)
-	err := fw.Drop(c.p, true, c.h, cp, nil)
-	if c.err == nil {
-		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to not drop remote address %s", c.p.RemoteAddr)
-	} else {
-		require.ErrorIs(t, c.err, err, "failed to drop remote address %s", c.p.RemoteAddr)
-	}
-}
-
-func buildTestCase(setup testsetup, err error, theirPrefixes ...netip.Prefix) testcase {
-	c1 := dummyCert{
-		name:     "host1",
-		networks: theirPrefixes,
-		groups:   []string{"default-group"},
-		issuer:   "signer-shasum",
-	}
-	h := HostInfo{
-		ConnectionState: &ConnectionState{
-			peerCert: &cert.CachedCertificate{
-				Certificate:    &c1,
-				InvertedGroups: map[string]struct{}{"default-group": {}},
-			},
-		},
-		vpnAddrs: make([]netip.Addr, len(theirPrefixes)),
-	}
-	for i := range theirPrefixes {
-		h.vpnAddrs[i] = theirPrefixes[i].Addr()
-	}
-	h.buildNetworks(setup.myVpnNetworksTable, &c1)
-	p := firewall.Packet{
-		LocalAddr:  setup.c.Networks()[0].Addr(), //todo?
-		RemoteAddr: theirPrefixes[0].Addr(),
-		LocalPort:  10,
-		RemotePort: 90,
-		Protocol:   firewall.ProtoUDP,
-		Fragment:   false,
-	}
-	return testcase{
-		h:   &h,
-		p:   p,
-		c:   &c1,
-		err: err,
-	}
-}
-
-type testsetup struct {
-	c                  dummyCert
-	myVpnNetworksTable *bart.Lite
-	fw                 *Firewall
-}
-
-func newSetup(t *testing.T, l *logrus.Logger, myPrefixes ...netip.Prefix) testsetup {
-	c := dummyCert{
-		name:     "me",
-		networks: myPrefixes,
-		groups:   []string{"default-group"},
-		issuer:   "signer-shasum",
-	}
-
-	return newSetupFromCert(t, l, c)
-}
-
-func newSetupFromCert(t *testing.T, l *logrus.Logger, c dummyCert) testsetup {
-	myVpnNetworksTable := new(bart.Lite)
-	for _, prefix := range c.Networks() {
-		myVpnNetworksTable.Insert(prefix)
-	}
-	fw := NewFirewall(l, time.Second, time.Minute, time.Hour, &c)
-	require.NoError(t, fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"any"}, "", netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, "", ""))
-
-	return testsetup{
-		c:                  c,
-		fw:                 fw,
-		myVpnNetworksTable: myVpnNetworksTable,
-	}
-}
-
-func TestFirewall_Drop_EnforceIPMatch(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	l := test.NewLogger()
-	ob := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	l.SetOutput(ob)
-
-	myPrefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("1.1.1.1/8")
-	// for now, it's okay that these are all "incoming", the logic this test tries to check doesn't care about in/out
-	t.Run("allow inbound all matching", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-		setup := newSetup(t, l, myPrefix)
-		tc := buildTestCase(setup, nil, netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/24"))
-		tc.Test(t, setup.fw)
-	})
-	t.Run("allow inbound local matching", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-		setup := newSetup(t, l, myPrefix)
-		tc := buildTestCase(setup, ErrInvalidLocalIP, netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/24"))
-		tc.p.LocalAddr = netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.8")
-		tc.Test(t, setup.fw)
-	})
-	t.Run("block inbound remote mismatched", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-		setup := newSetup(t, l, myPrefix)
-		tc := buildTestCase(setup, ErrInvalidRemoteIP, netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/24"))
-		tc.p.RemoteAddr = netip.MustParseAddr("9.9.9.9")
-		tc.Test(t, setup.fw)
-	})
-	t.Run("Block a vpn peer packet", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-		setup := newSetup(t, l, myPrefix)
-		tc := buildTestCase(setup, ErrPeerRejected, netip.MustParsePrefix("2.2.2.2/24"))
-		tc.Test(t, setup.fw)
-	})
-	twoPrefixes := []netip.Prefix{
-		netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/24"), netip.MustParsePrefix("2.2.2.2/24"),
-	}
-	t.Run("allow inbound one matching", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-		setup := newSetup(t, l, myPrefix)
-		tc := buildTestCase(setup, nil, twoPrefixes...)
-		tc.Test(t, setup.fw)
-	})
-	t.Run("block inbound multimismatch", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-		setup := newSetup(t, l, myPrefix)
-		tc := buildTestCase(setup, ErrInvalidRemoteIP, twoPrefixes...)
-		tc.p.RemoteAddr = netip.MustParseAddr("9.9.9.9")
-		tc.Test(t, setup.fw)
-	})
-	t.Run("allow inbound 2nd one matching", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-		setup2 := newSetup(t, l, netip.MustParsePrefix("2.2.2.1/24"))
-		tc := buildTestCase(setup2, nil, twoPrefixes...)
-		tc.p.RemoteAddr = twoPrefixes[1].Addr()
-		tc.Test(t, setup2.fw)
-	})
-	t.Run("allow inbound unsafe route", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-		unsafePrefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/24")
-		c := dummyCert{
-			name:           "me",
-			networks:       []netip.Prefix{myPrefix},
-			unsafeNetworks: []netip.Prefix{unsafePrefix},
-			groups:         []string{"default-group"},
-			issuer:         "signer-shasum",
-		}
-		unsafeSetup := newSetupFromCert(t, l, c)
-		tc := buildTestCase(unsafeSetup, nil, twoPrefixes...)
-		tc.p.LocalAddr = netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.0.3")
-		tc.err = ErrNoMatchingRule
-		tc.Test(t, unsafeSetup.fw) //should hit firewall and bounce off
-		require.NoError(t, unsafeSetup.fw.AddRule(true, firewall.ProtoAny, 0, 0, []string{"any"}, "", netip.Prefix{}, unsafePrefix, "", ""))
-		tc.err = nil
-		tc.Test(t, unsafeSetup.fw) //should pass
-	})
-}
-
 type addRuleCall struct {
 	incoming  bool
 	proto     uint8

go.mod

@@ -22,19 +22,18 @@ require (
 	github.com/stefanberger/go-pkcs11uri v0.0.0-20230803200340-78284954bff6
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
-	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.44.0
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230725093048-515e97ebf090
-	golang.org/x/net v0.46.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.45.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.37.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.36.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230325221338-052af4a8072b
+	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20250521234502-f333402bd9cb
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
-	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20240423190808-9d7a357edefe
+	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250503011706-39ed1f5ac29c
 )
 
 require (

go.sum

@@ -155,15 +155,13 @@ go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
 go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2 h1:DzmwEr2rDGHl7lsFgAHxmNz/1NlQ7xLIrlN2h5d1eGI=
 go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2/go.mod h1:081UH+NErpNdqlCXm3TtEran0rJZGxAYx9hb/ELlsPU=
-go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 h1:tfq32ie2Jv2UxXFdLJdh3jXuOzWiL1fo0bu/FbuKpbc=
-go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4/go.mod h1:DhzuOOF2ATzADvBadXxruRBLzYTpT36CKvDb3+aBEFg=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20180904163835-0709b304e793/go.mod h1:6SG95UA2DQfeDnfUPMdvaQW0Q7yPrPDi9nlGo2tz2b4=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210322153248-0c34fe9e7dc2/go.mod h1:T9bdIzuCu7OtxOm1hfPfRQxPLYneinmdGuTeoZ9dtd4=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.44.0 h1:A97SsFvM3AIwEEmTBiaxPPTYpDC47w720rdiiUvgoAU=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0 h1:dduJYIi3A3KOfdGOHX8AVZ/jGiyPa3IbBozJ5kNuE04=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.44.0/go.mod h1:013i+Nw79BMiQiMsOPcVCB5ZIJbYkerPrGnOa00tvmc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0/go.mod h1:BFbav4mRNlXJL4wNeejLpWxB7wMbc79PdRGhWKncxR0=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230725093048-515e97ebf090 h1:Di6/M8l0O2lCLc6VVRWhgCiApHV8MnQurBnFSHsQtNY=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230725093048-515e97ebf090/go.mod h1:FXUEEKJgO7OQYeo8N01OfiKP8RXMtf6e8aTskBGqWdc=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20200302205851-738671d3881b/go.mod h1:3xt1FjdF8hUf6vQPIChWIBhFzV8gjjsPE/fR3IyQdNY=
@@ -182,8 +180,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200226121028-0de0cce0169b/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200625001655-4c5254603344/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81Ro3o1hOxt32SMVPicZroKQ2sZA=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.46.0 h1:giFlY12I07fugqwPuWJi68oOnpfqFnJIJzaIIm2JVV4=
+golang.org/x/net v0.45.0 h1:RLBg5JKixCy82FtLJpeNlVM0nrSqpCRYzVU1n8kj0tM=
-golang.org/x/net v0.46.0/go.mod h1:Q9BGdFy1y4nkUwiLvT5qtyhAnEHgnQ/zd8PfU6nc210=
+golang.org/x/net v0.45.0/go.mod h1:ECOoLqd5U3Lhyeyo/QDCEVQ4sNgYsqvCZ722XogGieY=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181221193216-37e7f081c4d4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -191,8 +189,8 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201207232520-09787c993a3a/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0 h1:kr88TuHDroi+UVf+0hZnirlk8o8T+4MrK6mr60WkH/I=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 h1:l60nONMj9l5drqw6jlhIELNv9I0A4OFgRsG9k2oT9Ug=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180905080454-ebe1bf3edb33/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181116152217-5ac8a444bdc5/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
@@ -209,11 +207,11 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210603081109-ebe580a85c40/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBc
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 h1:3yZWxaJjBmCWXqhN1qh02AkOnCQ1poK6oF+a7xWL6Gc=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0 h1:fdNQudmxPjkdUTPnLn5mdQv7Zwvbvpaxqs831goi9kQ=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/term v0.37.0 h1:8EGAD0qCmHYZg6J17DvsMy9/wJ7/D/4pV/wfnld5lTU=
+golang.org/x/term v0.36.0 h1:zMPR+aF8gfksFprF/Nc/rd1wRS1EI6nDBGyWAvDzx2Q=
-golang.org/x/term v0.37.0/go.mod h1:5pB4lxRNYYVZuTLmy8oR2BH8dflOR+IbTYFD8fi3254=
+golang.org/x/term v0.36.0/go.mod h1:Qu394IJq6V6dCBRgwqshf3mPF85AqzYEzofzRdZkWss=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
@@ -232,8 +230,8 @@ golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8T
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 h1:B82qJJgjvYKsXS9jeunTOisW56dUokqW/FOteYJJ/yg=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2/go.mod h1:deeaetjYA+DHMHg+sMSMI58GrEteJUUzzw7en6TJQcI=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230325221338-052af4a8072b h1:J1CaxgLerRR5lgx3wnr6L04cJFbWoceSK9JWBdglINo=
+golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20250521234502-f333402bd9cb h1:whnFRlWMcXI9d+ZbWg+4sHnLp52d5yiIPUxMBSt4X9A=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230325221338-052af4a8072b/go.mod h1:tqur9LnfstdR9ep2LaJT4lFUl0EjlHtge+gAjmsHUG4=
+golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20250521234502-f333402bd9cb/go.mod h1:rpwXGsirqLqN2L0JDJQlwOboGHmptD5ZD6T2VmcqhTw=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3 h1:On6j2Rpn3OEMXqBq00QEDC7bWSZrPIHKIus8eIuExIE=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3/go.mod h1:9TEe8TJmtwyQebdFwAkEWOPr3prrtqm+REGFifP60hI=
 google.golang.org/appengine v1.4.0/go.mod h1:xpcJRLb0r/rnEns0DIKYYv+WjYCduHsrkT7/EB5XEv4=
@@ -244,8 +242,8 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v1.20.1-0.20200309200217-e05f789c0967/go.mod h1:A+miE
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.21.0/go.mod h1:47Nbq4nVaFHyn7ilMalzfO3qCViNmqZ2kzikPIcrTAo=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.0/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2l/sGQquU=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 h1:AYd7cD/uASjIL6Q9LiTjz8JLcrh/88q5UObnmY3aOOE=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8 h1:xHScyCOEuuwZEc6UtSOvPbAT4zRh0xcNRYekJwfqyMc=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8/go.mod h1:fuxRtAxBytpl4zzqUh6/eyUujkJdNiuEkXntxiD/uRU=
 gopkg.in/alecthomas/kingpin.v2 v2.2.6/go.mod h1:FMv+mEhP44yOT+4EoQTLFTRgOQ1FBLkstjWtayDeSgw=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
@@ -259,5 +257,5 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20240423190808-9d7a357edefe h1:fre4i6mv4iBuz5lCMOzHD1rH1ljqHWSICFmZRbbgp3g=
+gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250503011706-39ed1f5ac29c h1:m/r7OM+Y2Ty1sgBQ7Qb27VgIMBW8ZZhT4gLnUyDIhzI=
-gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20240423190808-9d7a357edefe/go.mod h1:sxc3Uvk/vHcd3tj7/DHVBoR5wvWT/MmRq2pj7HRJnwU=
+gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250503011706-39ed1f5ac29c/go.mod h1:3r5CMtNQMKIvBlrmM9xWUNamjKBYPOWyXOjmg5Kts3g=

handshake_ix.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package nebula
 
 import (
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/flynn/noise"
@@ -22,17 +23,13 @@ func ixHandshakeStage0(f *Interface, hh *HandshakeHostInfo) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
+	// If we're connecting to a v6 address we must use a v2 cert
 	cs := f.pki.getCertState()
 	v := cs.initiatingVersion
-	if hh.initiatingVersionOverride != cert.VersionPre1 {
+	for _, a := range hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs {
-		v = hh.initiatingVersionOverride
+		if a.Is6() {
-	} else if v < cert.Version2 {
+			v = cert.Version2
-		// If we're connecting to a v6 address we should encourage use of a V2 cert
+			break
-		for _, a := range hh.hostinfo.vpnAddrs {
-			if a.Is6() {
-				v = cert.Version2
-				break
-			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -51,7 +48,6 @@ func ixHandshakeStage0(f *Interface, hh *HandshakeHostInfo) bool {
 			WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 0, "style": "ix_psk0"}).
 			WithField("certVersion", v).
 			Error("Unable to handshake with host because no certificate handshake bytes is available")
-		return false
 	}
 
 	ci, err := NewConnectionState(f.l, cs, crt, true, noise.HandshakeIX)
@@ -107,7 +103,6 @@ func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, packet
 			WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 0, "style": "ix_psk0"}).
 			WithField("certVersion", cs.initiatingVersion).
 			Error("Unable to handshake with host because no certificate is available")
-		return
 	}
 
 	ci, err := NewConnectionState(f.l, cs, crt, false, noise.HandshakeIX)
@@ -148,8 +143,8 @@ func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, packet
 
 	remoteCert, err := f.pki.GetCAPool().VerifyCertificate(time.Now(), rc)
 	if err != nil {
-		fp, fperr := rc.Fingerprint()
+		fp, err := rc.Fingerprint()
-		if fperr != nil {
+		if err != nil {
 			fp = "<error generating certificate fingerprint>"
 		}
 
@@ -168,19 +163,16 @@ func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, packet
 
 	if remoteCert.Certificate.Version() != ci.myCert.Version() {
 		// We started off using the wrong certificate version, lets see if we can match the version that was sent to us
-		myCertOtherVersion := cs.getCertificate(remoteCert.Certificate.Version())
+		rc := cs.getCertificate(remoteCert.Certificate.Version())
-		if myCertOtherVersion == nil {
+		if rc == nil {
-			if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
+			f.l.WithError(err).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
-				f.l.WithError(err).WithFields(m{
+				WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"}).WithField("cert", remoteCert).
-					"udpAddr":   addr,
+				Info("Unable to handshake with host due to missing certificate version")
-					"handshake": m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
+			return
-					"cert":      remoteCert,
-				}).Debug("Might be unable to handshake with host due to missing certificate version")
-			}
-		} else {
-			// Record the certificate we are actually using
-			ci.myCert = myCertOtherVersion
 		}
+
+		// Record the certificate we are actually using
+		ci.myCert = rc
 	}
 
 	if len(remoteCert.Certificate.Networks()) == 0 {
@@ -191,17 +183,17 @@ func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, packet
 		return
 	}
 
+	var vpnAddrs []netip.Addr
+	var filteredNetworks []netip.Prefix
 	certName := remoteCert.Certificate.Name()
 	certVersion := remoteCert.Certificate.Version()
 	fingerprint := remoteCert.Fingerprint
 	issuer := remoteCert.Certificate.Issuer()
-	vpnNetworks := remoteCert.Certificate.Networks()
 
-	anyVpnAddrsInCommon := false
+	for _, network := range remoteCert.Certificate.Networks() {
-	vpnAddrs := make([]netip.Addr, len(vpnNetworks))
+		vpnAddr := network.Addr()
-	for i, network := range vpnNetworks {
+		if f.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(vpnAddr) {
-		if f.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
+			f.l.WithField("vpnAddr", vpnAddr).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
-			f.l.WithField("vpnNetworks", vpnNetworks).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
 				WithField("certName", certName).
 				WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
 				WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
@@ -209,10 +201,24 @@ func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, packet
 				WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"}).Error("Refusing to handshake with myself")
 			return
 		}
-		vpnAddrs[i] = network.Addr()
+
-		if f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
+		// vpnAddrs outside our vpn networks are of no use to us, filter them out
-			anyVpnAddrsInCommon = true
+		if !f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(vpnAddr) {
+			continue
 		}
+
+		filteredNetworks = append(filteredNetworks, network)
+		vpnAddrs = append(vpnAddrs, vpnAddr)
+	}
+
+	if len(vpnAddrs) == 0 {
+		f.l.WithError(err).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
+			WithField("certName", certName).
+			WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
+			WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
+			WithField("issuer", issuer).
+			WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"}).Error("No usable vpn addresses from host, refusing handshake")
+		return
 	}
 
 	if addr.IsValid() {
@@ -249,30 +255,26 @@ func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, packet
 		},
 	}
 
-	msgRxL := f.l.WithFields(m{
+	f.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
-		"vpnAddrs":       vpnAddrs,
+		WithField("certName", certName).
-		"udpAddr":        addr,
+		WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
-		"certName":       certName,
+		WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
-		"certVersion":    certVersion,
+		WithField("issuer", issuer).
-		"fingerprint":    fingerprint,
+		WithField("initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex).WithField("responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex).
-		"issuer":         issuer,
+		WithField("remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex).WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"}).
-		"initiatorIndex": hs.Details.InitiatorIndex,
+		Info("Handshake message received")
-		"responderIndex": hs.Details.ResponderIndex,
-		"remoteIndex":    h.RemoteIndex,
-		"handshake":      m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
-	})
-
-	if anyVpnAddrsInCommon {
-		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received")
-	} else {
-		//todo warn if not lighthouse or relay?
-		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received, but no vpnNetworks in common.")
-	}
 
 	hs.Details.ResponderIndex = myIndex
 	hs.Details.Cert = cs.getHandshakeBytes(ci.myCert.Version())
 	if hs.Details.Cert == nil {
-		msgRxL.WithField("myCertVersion", ci.myCert.Version()).
+		f.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
+			WithField("certName", certName).
+			WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
+			WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
+			WithField("issuer", issuer).
+			WithField("initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex).WithField("responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex).
+			WithField("remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex).WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"}).
+			WithField("certVersion", ci.myCert.Version()).
 			Error("Unable to handshake with host because no certificate handshake bytes is available")
 		return
 	}
@@ -330,7 +332,7 @@ func ixHandshakeStage1(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, packet
 
 	hostinfo.remotes = f.lightHouse.QueryCache(vpnAddrs)
 	hostinfo.SetRemote(addr)
-	hostinfo.buildNetworks(f.myVpnNetworksTable, remoteCert.Certificate)
+	hostinfo.buildNetworks(filteredNetworks, remoteCert.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	existing, err := f.handshakeManager.CheckAndComplete(hostinfo, 0, f)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -571,22 +573,31 @@ func ixHandshakeStage2(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, hh *Ha
 		hostinfo.relayState.InsertRelayTo(via.relayHI.vpnAddrs[0])
 	}
 
-	correctHostResponded := false
+	var vpnAddrs []netip.Addr
-	anyVpnAddrsInCommon := false
+	var filteredNetworks []netip.Prefix
-	vpnAddrs := make([]netip.Addr, len(vpnNetworks))
+	for _, network := range vpnNetworks {
-	for i, network := range vpnNetworks {
+		// vpnAddrs outside our vpn networks are of no use to us, filter them out
-		vpnAddrs[i] = network.Addr()
+		vpnAddr := network.Addr()
-		if f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
+		if !f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(vpnAddr) {
-			anyVpnAddrsInCommon = true
+			continue
-		}
-		if hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0] == network.Addr() {
-			// todo is it more correct to see if any of hostinfo.vpnAddrs are in the cert? it should have len==1, but one day it might not?
-			correctHostResponded = true
 		}
+
+		filteredNetworks = append(filteredNetworks, network)
+		vpnAddrs = append(vpnAddrs, vpnAddr)
+	}
+
+	if len(vpnAddrs) == 0 {
+		f.l.WithError(err).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
+			WithField("certName", certName).
+			WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
+			WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
+			WithField("issuer", issuer).
+			WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"}).Error("No usable vpn addresses from host, refusing handshake")
+		return true
 	}
 
 	// Ensure the right host responded
-	if !correctHostResponded {
+	if !slices.Contains(vpnAddrs, hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0]) {
 		f.l.WithField("intendedVpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).WithField("haveVpnNetworks", vpnNetworks).
 			WithField("udpAddr", addr).
 			WithField("certName", certName).
@@ -598,7 +609,6 @@ func ixHandshakeStage2(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, hh *Ha
 		f.handshakeManager.DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
 
 		// Create a new hostinfo/handshake for the intended vpn ip
-		//TODO is hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0] always the address to use?
 		f.handshakeManager.StartHandshake(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], func(newHH *HandshakeHostInfo) {
 			// Block the current used address
 			newHH.hostinfo.remotes = hostinfo.remotes
@@ -625,7 +635,7 @@ func ixHandshakeStage2(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, hh *Ha
 	ci.window.Update(f.l, 2)
 
 	duration := time.Since(hh.startTime).Nanoseconds()
-	msgRxL := f.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
+	f.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", vpnAddrs).WithField("udpAddr", addr).
 		WithField("certName", certName).
 		WithField("certVersion", certVersion).
 		WithField("fingerprint", fingerprint).
@@ -633,17 +643,12 @@ func ixHandshakeStage2(f *Interface, addr netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, hh *Ha
 		WithField("initiatorIndex", hs.Details.InitiatorIndex).WithField("responderIndex", hs.Details.ResponderIndex).
 		WithField("remoteIndex", h.RemoteIndex).WithField("handshake", m{"stage": 2, "style": "ix_psk0"}).
 		WithField("durationNs", duration).
-		WithField("sentCachedPackets", len(hh.packetStore))
+		WithField("sentCachedPackets", len(hh.packetStore)).
-	if anyVpnAddrsInCommon {
+		Info("Handshake message received")
-		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received")
-	} else {
-		//todo warn if not lighthouse or relay?
-		msgRxL.Info("Handshake message received, but no vpnNetworks in common.")
-	}
 
 	// Build up the radix for the firewall if we have subnets in the cert
 	hostinfo.vpnAddrs = vpnAddrs
-	hostinfo.buildNetworks(f.myVpnNetworksTable, remoteCert.Certificate)
+	hostinfo.buildNetworks(filteredNetworks, remoteCert.Certificate.UnsafeNetworks())
 
 	// Complete our handshake and update metrics, this will replace any existing tunnels for the vpnAddrs here
 	f.handshakeManager.Complete(hostinfo, f)

handshake_manager.go

@@ -68,12 +68,11 @@ type HandshakeManager struct {
 type HandshakeHostInfo struct {
 	sync.Mutex
 
-	startTime                 time.Time        // Time that we first started trying with this handshake
+	startTime   time.Time        // Time that we first started trying with this handshake
-	ready                     bool             // Is the handshake ready
+	ready       bool             // Is the handshake ready
-	initiatingVersionOverride cert.Version     // Should we use a non-default cert version for this handshake?
+	counter     int64            // How many attempts have we made so far
-	counter                   int64            // How many attempts have we made so far
+	lastRemotes []netip.AddrPort // Remotes that we sent to during the previous attempt
-	lastRemotes               []netip.AddrPort // Remotes that we sent to during the previous attempt
+	packetStore []*cachedPacket  // A set of packets to be transmitted once the handshake completes
-	packetStore               []*cachedPacket  // A set of packets to be transmitted once the handshake completes
 
 	hostinfo *HostInfo
 }
@@ -269,12 +268,12 @@ func (hm *HandshakeManager) handleOutbound(vpnIp netip.Addr, lighthouseTriggered
 		hostinfo.logger(hm.l).WithField("relays", hostinfo.remotes.relays).Info("Attempt to relay through hosts")
 		// Send a RelayRequest to all known Relay IP's
 		for _, relay := range hostinfo.remotes.relays {
-			// Don't relay through the host I'm trying to connect to
+			// Don't relay to myself
 			if relay == vpnIp {
 				continue
 			}
 
-			// Don't relay to myself
+			// Don't relay through the host I'm trying to connect to
 			if hm.f.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(relay) {
 				continue
 			}

hostmap.go

@@ -212,18 +212,6 @@ func (rs *RelayState) InsertRelay(ip netip.Addr, idx uint32, r *Relay) {
 	rs.relayForByIdx[idx] = r
 }
 
-type NetworkType uint8
-
-const (
-	NetworkTypeUnknown NetworkType = iota
-	// NetworkTypeVPN is a network that overlaps one or more of the vpnNetworks in our certificate
-	NetworkTypeVPN
-	// NetworkTypeVPNPeer is a network that does not overlap one of our networks
-	NetworkTypeVPNPeer
-	// NetworkTypeUnsafe is a network from Certificate.UnsafeNetworks()
-	NetworkTypeUnsafe
-)
-
 type HostInfo struct {
 	remote          netip.AddrPort
 	remotes         *RemoteList
@@ -237,8 +225,8 @@ type HostInfo struct {
 	// vpn networks but were removed because they are not usable
 	vpnAddrs []netip.Addr
 
-	// networks is a combination of specific vpn addresses (not prefixes!) and full unsafe networks assigned to this host.
+	// networks are both all vpn and unsafe networks assigned to this host
-	networks   *bart.Table[NetworkType]
+	networks   *bart.Lite
 	relayState RelayState
 
 	// HandshakePacket records the packets used to create this hostinfo
@@ -742,26 +730,20 @@ func (i *HostInfo) SetRemoteIfPreferred(hm *HostMap, newRemote netip.AddrPort) b
 	return false
 }
 
-// buildNetworks fills in the networks field of HostInfo. It accepts a cert.Certificate so you never ever mix the network types up.
+func (i *HostInfo) buildNetworks(networks, unsafeNetworks []netip.Prefix) {
-func (i *HostInfo) buildNetworks(myVpnNetworksTable *bart.Lite, c cert.Certificate) {
+	if len(networks) == 1 && len(unsafeNetworks) == 0 {
-	if len(c.Networks()) == 1 && len(c.UnsafeNetworks()) == 0 {
+		// Simple case, no CIDRTree needed
-		if myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(c.Networks()[0].Addr()) {
+		return
-			return // Simple case, no BART needed
-		}
 	}
 
-	i.networks = new(bart.Table[NetworkType])
+	i.networks = new(bart.Lite)
-	for _, network := range c.Networks() {
+	for _, network := range networks {
 		nprefix := netip.PrefixFrom(network.Addr(), network.Addr().BitLen())
-		if myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(network.Addr()) {
+		i.networks.Insert(nprefix)
-			i.networks.Insert(nprefix, NetworkTypeVPN)
-		} else {
-			i.networks.Insert(nprefix, NetworkTypeVPNPeer)
-		}
 	}
 
-	for _, network := range c.UnsafeNetworks() {
+	for _, network := range unsafeNetworks {
-		i.networks.Insert(network, NetworkTypeUnsafe)
+		i.networks.Insert(network)
 	}
 }
 

inside.go

@@ -2,18 +2,16 @@ package nebula
 
 import (
 	"net/netip"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/firewall"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/iputil"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/noiseutil"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 )
 
-func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, nb []byte, out *packet.Packet, q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache, now time.Time) {
+func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, nb, out []byte, q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache) {
 	err := newPacket(packet, false, fwPacket)
 	if err != nil {
 		if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
@@ -35,8 +33,7 @@ func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet
 		// routes packets from the Nebula addr to the Nebula addr through the Nebula
 		// TUN device.
 		if immediatelyForwardToSelf {
-			_, err := f.readers[q].Write(packet)
+			if err := f.writeTun(q, packet); err != nil {
-			if err != nil {
 				f.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to forward to tun")
 			}
 		}
@@ -55,7 +52,7 @@ func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet
 	})
 
 	if hostinfo == nil {
-		f.rejectInside(packet, out.Payload, q) //todo vector?
+		f.rejectInside(packet, out, q)
 		if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
 			f.l.WithField("vpnAddr", fwPacket.RemoteAddr).
 				WithField("fwPacket", fwPacket).
@@ -68,11 +65,12 @@ func (f *Interface) consumeInsidePacket(packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet
 		return
 	}
 
-	dropReason := f.firewall.Drop(*fwPacket, false, hostinfo, f.pki.GetCAPool(), localCache, now)
+	dropReason := f.firewall.Drop(*fwPacket, false, hostinfo, f.pki.GetCAPool(), localCache)
 	if dropReason == nil {
-		f.sendNoMetricsDelayed(header.Message, 0, hostinfo.ConnectionState, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, packet, nb, out, q)
+		f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, 0, hostinfo.ConnectionState, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, packet, nb, out, q)
+
 	} else {
-		f.rejectInside(packet, out.Payload, q) //todo vector?
+		f.rejectInside(packet, out, q)
 		if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
 			hostinfo.logger(f.l).
 				WithField("fwPacket", fwPacket).
@@ -92,8 +90,7 @@ func (f *Interface) rejectInside(packet []byte, out []byte, q int) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	_, err := f.readers[q].Write(out)
+	if err := f.writeTun(q, out); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
 		f.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to write to tun")
 	}
 }
@@ -121,10 +118,9 @@ func (f *Interface) rejectOutside(packet []byte, ci *ConnectionState, hostinfo *
 	f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, 0, ci, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, out, nb, packet, q)
 }
 
-// Handshake will attempt to initiate a tunnel with the provided vpn address. This is a no-op if the tunnel is already established or being established
+// Handshake will attempt to initiate a tunnel with the provided vpn address if it is within our vpn networks. This is a no-op if the tunnel is already established or being established
-// it does not check if it is within our vpn networks!
 func (f *Interface) Handshake(vpnAddr netip.Addr) {
-	f.handshakeManager.GetOrHandshake(vpnAddr, nil)
+	f.getOrHandshakeNoRouting(vpnAddr, nil)
 }
 
 // getOrHandshakeNoRouting returns nil if the vpnAddr is not routable.
@@ -140,6 +136,7 @@ func (f *Interface) getOrHandshakeNoRouting(vpnAddr netip.Addr, cacheCallback fu
 // getOrHandshakeConsiderRouting will try to find the HostInfo to handle this packet, starting a handshake if necessary.
 // If the 2nd return var is false then the hostinfo is not ready to be used in a tunnel.
 func (f *Interface) getOrHandshakeConsiderRouting(fwPacket *firewall.Packet, cacheCallback func(*HandshakeHostInfo)) (*HostInfo, bool) {
+
 	destinationAddr := fwPacket.RemoteAddr
 
 	hostinfo, ready := f.getOrHandshakeNoRouting(destinationAddr, cacheCallback)
@@ -219,7 +216,7 @@ func (f *Interface) sendMessageNow(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubTyp
 	}
 
 	// check if packet is in outbound fw rules
-	dropReason := f.firewall.Drop(*fp, false, hostinfo, f.pki.GetCAPool(), nil, time.Now())
+	dropReason := f.firewall.Drop(*fp, false, hostinfo, f.pki.GetCAPool(), nil)
 	if dropReason != nil {
 		if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
 			f.l.WithField("fwPacket", fp).
@@ -232,10 +229,9 @@ func (f *Interface) sendMessageNow(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubTyp
 	f.sendNoMetrics(header.Message, st, hostinfo.ConnectionState, hostinfo, netip.AddrPort{}, p, nb, out, 0)
 }
 
-// SendMessageToVpnAddr handles real addr:port lookup and sends to the current best known address for vpnAddr.
+// SendMessageToVpnAddr handles real addr:port lookup and sends to the current best known address for vpnAddr
-// This function ignores myVpnNetworksTable, and will always attempt to treat the address as a vpnAddr
 func (f *Interface) SendMessageToVpnAddr(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType, vpnAddr netip.Addr, p, nb, out []byte) {
-	hostInfo, ready := f.handshakeManager.GetOrHandshake(vpnAddr, func(hh *HandshakeHostInfo) {
+	hostInfo, ready := f.getOrHandshakeNoRouting(vpnAddr, func(hh *HandshakeHostInfo) {
 		hh.cachePacket(f.l, t, st, p, f.SendMessageToHostInfo, f.cachedPacketMetrics)
 	})
 
@@ -411,81 +407,3 @@ func (f *Interface) sendNoMetrics(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func (f *Interface) sendNoMetricsDelayed(t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType, ci *ConnectionState, hostinfo *HostInfo, remote netip.AddrPort, p, nb []byte, out *packet.Packet, q int) {
-	if ci.eKey == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	useRelay := !remote.IsValid() && !hostinfo.remote.IsValid()
-	fullOut := out.Payload
-
-	if useRelay {
-		if len(out.Payload) < header.Len {
-			// out always has a capacity of mtu, but not always a length greater than the header.Len.
-			// Grow it to make sure the next operation works.
-			out.Payload = out.Payload[:header.Len]
-		}
-		// Save a header's worth of data at the front of the 'out' buffer.
-		out.Payload = out.Payload[header.Len:]
-	}
-
-	if noiseutil.EncryptLockNeeded {
-		// NOTE: for goboring AESGCMTLS we need to lock because of the nonce check
-		ci.writeLock.Lock()
-	}
-	c := ci.messageCounter.Add(1)
-
-	//l.WithField("trace", string(debug.Stack())).Error("out Header ", &Header{Version, t, st, 0, hostinfo.remoteIndexId, c}, p)
-	out.Payload = header.Encode(out.Payload, header.Version, t, st, hostinfo.remoteIndexId, c)
-	f.connectionManager.Out(hostinfo)
-
-	// Query our LH if we haven't since the last time we've been rebound, this will cause the remote to punch against
-	// all our addrs and enable a faster roaming.
-	if t != header.CloseTunnel && hostinfo.lastRebindCount != f.rebindCount {
-		//NOTE: there is an update hole if a tunnel isn't used and exactly 256 rebinds occur before the tunnel is
-		// finally used again. This tunnel would eventually be torn down and recreated if this action didn't help.
-		f.lightHouse.QueryServer(hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0])
-		hostinfo.lastRebindCount = f.rebindCount
-		if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
-			f.l.WithField("vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).Debug("Lighthouse update triggered for punch due to rebind counter")
-		}
-	}
-
-	var err error
-	out.Payload, err = ci.eKey.EncryptDanger(out.Payload, out.Payload, p, c, nb)
-	if noiseutil.EncryptLockNeeded {
-		ci.writeLock.Unlock()
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).
-			WithField("udpAddr", remote).WithField("counter", c).
-			WithField("attemptedCounter", c).
-			Error("Failed to encrypt outgoing packet")
-		return
-	}
-
-	if remote.IsValid() {
-		err = f.writers[q].Prep(out, remote)
-		if err != nil {
-			hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).WithField("udpAddr", remote).Error("Failed to write outgoing packet")
-		}
-	} else if hostinfo.remote.IsValid() {
-		err = f.writers[q].Prep(out, hostinfo.remote)
-		if err != nil {
-			hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).WithField("udpAddr", remote).Error("Failed to write outgoing packet")
-		}
-	} else {
-		// Try to send via a relay
-		for _, relayIP := range hostinfo.relayState.CopyRelayIps() {
-			relayHostInfo, relay, err := f.hostMap.QueryVpnAddrsRelayFor(hostinfo.vpnAddrs, relayIP)
-			if err != nil {
-				hostinfo.relayState.DeleteRelay(relayIP)
-				hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithField("relay", relayIP).WithError(err).Info("sendNoMetrics failed to find HostInfo")
-				continue
-			}
-			//todo vector!!
-			f.SendVia(relayHostInfo, relay, out.Payload, nb, fullOut[:header.Len+len(out.Payload)], true)
-			break
-		}
-	}
-}

interface.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
@@ -17,12 +18,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/firewall"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
 )
 
 const mtu = 9001
-const batch = 1024 //todo config!
 
 type InterfaceConfig struct {
 	HostMap            *HostMap
@@ -48,6 +47,7 @@ type InterfaceConfig struct {
 	reQueryWait     time.Duration
 
 	ConntrackCacheTimeout time.Duration
+	batchSize             int
 	l                     *logrus.Logger
 }
 
@@ -85,20 +85,15 @@ type Interface struct {
 	version     string
 
 	conntrackCacheTimeout time.Duration
+	batchSize             int
 
 	writers []udp.Conn
-	readers []overlay.TunDev
+	readers []io.ReadWriteCloser
 
 	metricHandshakes    metrics.Histogram
 	messageMetrics      *MessageMetrics
 	cachedPacketMetrics *cachedPacketMetrics
 
-	listenInN  int
-	listenOutN int
-
-	listenInMetric  metrics.Histogram
-	listenOutMetric metrics.Histogram
-
 	l *logrus.Logger
 }
 
@@ -117,6 +112,16 @@ type EncWriter interface {
 	GetCertState() *CertState
 }
 
+// BatchReader is an interface for readers that support vectorized packet reading
+type BatchReader interface {
+	BatchRead(buffers [][]byte, sizes []int) (int, error)
+}
+
+// BatchWriter is an interface for writers that support vectorized packet writing
+type BatchWriter interface {
+	BatchWrite([][]byte) (int, error)
+}
+
 type sendRecvErrorConfig uint8
 
 const (
@@ -184,7 +189,7 @@ func NewInterface(ctx context.Context, c *InterfaceConfig) (*Interface, error) {
 		routines:              c.routines,
 		version:               c.version,
 		writers:               make([]udp.Conn, c.routines),
-		readers:               make([]overlay.TunDev, c.routines),
+		readers:               make([]io.ReadWriteCloser, c.routines),
 		myVpnNetworks:         cs.myVpnNetworks,
 		myVpnNetworksTable:    cs.myVpnNetworksTable,
 		myVpnAddrs:            cs.myVpnAddrs,
@@ -193,6 +198,7 @@ func NewInterface(ctx context.Context, c *InterfaceConfig) (*Interface, error) {
 		relayManager:          c.relayManager,
 		connectionManager:     c.connectionManager,
 		conntrackCacheTimeout: c.ConntrackCacheTimeout,
+		batchSize:             c.batchSize,
 
 		metricHandshakes: metrics.GetOrRegisterHistogram("handshakes", nil, metrics.NewExpDecaySample(1028, 0.015)),
 		messageMetrics:   c.MessageMetrics,
@@ -203,8 +209,6 @@ func NewInterface(ctx context.Context, c *InterfaceConfig) (*Interface, error) {
 
 		l: c.l,
 	}
-	ifce.listenInMetric = metrics.GetOrRegisterHistogram("vhost.listenIn.n", nil, metrics.NewExpDecaySample(1028, 0.015))
-	ifce.listenOutMetric = metrics.GetOrRegisterHistogram("vhost.listenOut.n", nil, metrics.NewExpDecaySample(1028, 0.015))
 
 	ifce.tryPromoteEvery.Store(c.tryPromoteEvery)
 	ifce.reQueryEvery.Store(c.reQueryEvery)
@@ -234,7 +238,7 @@ func (f *Interface) activate() {
 	metrics.GetOrRegisterGauge("routines", nil).Update(int64(f.routines))
 
 	// Prepare n tun queues
-	var reader overlay.TunDev = f.inside
+	var reader io.ReadWriteCloser = f.inside
 	for i := 0; i < f.routines; i++ {
 		if i > 0 {
 			reader, err = f.inside.NewMultiQueueReader()
@@ -263,100 +267,134 @@ func (f *Interface) run() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (f *Interface) listenOut(q int) {
+func (f *Interface) listenOut(i int) {
 	runtime.LockOSThread()
 
 	var li udp.Conn
-	if q > 0 {
+	if i > 0 {
-		li = f.writers[q]
+		li = f.writers[i]
 	} else {
 		li = f.outside
 	}
 
 	ctCache := firewall.NewConntrackCacheTicker(f.conntrackCacheTimeout)
 	lhh := f.lightHouse.NewRequestHandler()
-
+	plaintext := make([]byte, udp.MTU)
-	outPackets := make([]*packet.OutPacket, batch)
-	for i := 0; i < batch; i++ {
-		outPackets[i] = packet.NewOut()
-	}
-
 	h := &header.H{}
 	fwPacket := &firewall.Packet{}
-	nb := make([]byte, 12, 12)
+	nb := make([]byte, 12)
-
-	toSend := make([][]byte, batch)
-
-	li.ListenOut(func(pkts []*packet.Packet) {
-		toSend = toSend[:0]
-		for i := range outPackets {
-			outPackets[i].Valid = false
-			outPackets[i].SegCounter = 0
-		}
-
-		f.readOutsidePacketsMany(pkts, outPackets, h, fwPacket, lhh, nb, q, ctCache.Get(f.l), time.Now())
-		//we opportunistically tx, but try to also send stragglers
-		if _, err := f.readers[q].WriteMany(outPackets, q); err != nil {
-			f.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to send packets")
-		}
-		//todo I broke this
-		//n := len(toSend)
-		//if f.l.Level == logrus.DebugLevel {
-		//	f.listenOutMetric.Update(int64(n))
-		//}
-		//f.listenOutN = n
 
+	li.ListenOut(func(fromUdpAddr netip.AddrPort, payload []byte) {
+		f.readOutsidePackets(fromUdpAddr, nil, plaintext[:0], payload, h, fwPacket, lhh, nb, i, ctCache.Get(f.l))
 	})
 }
 
-func (f *Interface) listenIn(reader overlay.TunDev, queueNum int) {
+func (f *Interface) listenIn(reader io.ReadWriteCloser, i int) {
 	runtime.LockOSThread()
 
+	// Check if reader supports batch operations
+	if batchReader, ok := reader.(BatchReader); ok {
+		err := f.listenInBatch(batchReader, i)
+		if err != nil {
+			f.l.WithError(err).Error("Fatal error in batch packet reader, exiting goroutine")
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Fall back to single-packet mode
+	packet := make([]byte, mtu)
+	out := make([]byte, mtu)
 	fwPacket := &firewall.Packet{}
 	nb := make([]byte, 12, 12)
 
 	conntrackCache := firewall.NewConntrackCacheTicker(f.conntrackCacheTimeout)
 
-	packets := make([]*packet.VirtIOPacket, batch)
-	outPackets := make([]*packet.Packet, batch)
-	for i := 0; i < batch; i++ {
-		packets[i] = packet.NewVIO()
-		outPackets[i] = packet.New(false) //todo?
-	}
-
 	for {
-		n, err := reader.ReadMany(packets, queueNum)
+		n, err := reader.Read(packet)
-
-		//todo!!
 		if err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) && f.closed.Load() {
 				return
 			}
 
-			f.l.WithError(err).Error("Error while reading outbound packet")
+			f.l.WithError(err).Error("Fatal error while reading outbound packet, exiting goroutine")
-			// This only seems to happen when something fatal happens to the fd, so exit.
+			return
-			os.Exit(2)
 		}
 
-		if f.l.Level == logrus.DebugLevel {
+		f.consumeInsidePacket(packet[:n], fwPacket, nb, out, i, conntrackCache.Get(f.l))
-			f.listenInMetric.Update(int64(n))
+	}
-		}
+}
-		f.listenInN = n
 
-		now := time.Now()
+// listenInBatch handles vectorized packet reading for improved performance
-		for i, pkt := range packets[:n] {
+func (f *Interface) listenInBatch(reader BatchReader, i int) error {
-			outPackets[i].OutLen = -1
+	// Allocate per-packet state and buffers for batch reading
-			f.consumeInsidePacket(pkt.Payload, fwPacket, nb, outPackets[i], queueNum, conntrackCache.Get(f.l), now)
+	batchSize := f.batchSize
-			reader.RecycleRxSeg(pkt, i == (n-1), queueNum) //todo handle err?
+	if batchSize <= 0 {
-			pkt.Reset()
+		batchSize = 64 // Fallback to default if not configured
-		}
+	}
-		_, err = f.writers[queueNum].WriteBatch(outPackets[:n])
+	fwPackets := make([]*firewall.Packet, batchSize)
+	outBuffers := make([][]byte, batchSize)
+	nbBuffers := make([][]byte, batchSize)
+	packets := make([][]byte, batchSize)
+	sizes := make([]int, batchSize)
+
+	for j := 0; j < batchSize; j++ {
+		fwPackets[j] = &firewall.Packet{}
+		outBuffers[j] = make([]byte, mtu)
+		nbBuffers[j] = make([]byte, 12)
+		packets[j] = make([]byte, mtu)
+	}
+
+	conntrackCache := firewall.NewConntrackCacheTicker(f.conntrackCacheTimeout)
+
+	for {
+		n, err := reader.BatchRead(packets, sizes)
 		if err != nil {
-			f.l.WithError(err).Error("Error while writing outbound packets")
+			if errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) && f.closed.Load() {
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			return fmt.Errorf("error while batch reading outbound packets: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// Process each packet in the batch
+		cache := conntrackCache.Get(f.l)
+		for idx := 0; idx < n; idx++ {
+			if sizes[idx] > 0 {
+				// Use modulo to reuse fw packet state if batch is larger than our pre-allocated state
+				stateIdx := idx % len(fwPackets)
+				f.consumeInsidePacket(packets[idx][:sizes[idx]], fwPackets[stateIdx], nbBuffers[stateIdx], outBuffers[stateIdx], i, cache)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+// writeTunBatch attempts to write multiple packets to the TUN device using batch operations if supported
+func (f *Interface) writeTunBatch(q int, packets [][]byte) error {
+	if len(packets) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Check if the reader/writer supports batch operations
+	if batchWriter, ok := f.readers[q].(BatchWriter); ok {
+		_, err := batchWriter.BatchWrite(packets)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Fall back to writing packets individually
+	for _, packet := range packets {
+		if _, err := f.readers[q].Write(packet); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// writeTun writes a single packet to the TUN device
+func (f *Interface) writeTun(q int, packet []byte) error {
+	_, err := f.readers[q].Write(packet)
+	return err
+}
+
 func (f *Interface) RegisterConfigChangeCallbacks(c *config.C) {
 	c.RegisterReloadCallback(f.reloadFirewall)
 	c.RegisterReloadCallback(f.reloadSendRecvError)
@@ -491,11 +529,6 @@ func (f *Interface) emitStats(ctx context.Context, i time.Duration) {
 			} else {
 				certMaxVersion.Update(int64(certState.v1Cert.Version()))
 			}
-			if f.l.Level != logrus.DebugLevel {
-				f.listenInMetric.Update(int64(f.listenInN))
-				f.listenOutMetric.Update(int64(f.listenOutN))
-			}
-
 		}
 	}
 }

lighthouse.go

@@ -360,8 +360,7 @@ func (lh *LightHouse) parseLighthouses(c *config.C) ([]netip.Addr, error) {
 		}
 
 		if !lh.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(addr) {
-			lh.l.WithFields(m{"vpnAddr": addr, "networks": lh.myVpnNetworks}).
+			return nil, util.NewContextualError("lighthouse host is not in our networks, invalid", m{"vpnAddr": addr, "networks": lh.myVpnNetworks}, nil)
-				Warn("lighthouse host is not within our networks, lighthouse functionality will work but layer 3 network traffic to the lighthouse will not")
 		}
 		out[i] = addr
 	}
@@ -432,8 +431,7 @@ func (lh *LightHouse) loadStaticMap(c *config.C, staticList map[netip.Addr]struc
 		}
 
 		if !lh.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(vpnAddr) {
-			lh.l.WithFields(m{"vpnAddr": vpnAddr, "networks": lh.myVpnNetworks, "entry": i + 1}).
+			return util.NewContextualError("static_host_map key is not in our network, invalid", m{"vpnAddr": vpnAddr, "networks": lh.myVpnNetworks, "entry": i + 1}, nil)
-				Warn("static_host_map key is not within our networks, layer 3 network traffic to this host will not work")
 		}
 
 		vals, ok := v.([]any)
@@ -1339,19 +1337,12 @@ func (lhh *LightHouseHandler) handleHostPunchNotification(n *NebulaMeta, fromVpn
 		}
 	}
 
-	remoteAllowList := lhh.lh.GetRemoteAllowList()
 	for _, a := range n.Details.V4AddrPorts {
-		b := protoV4AddrPortToNetAddrPort(a)
+		punch(protoV4AddrPortToNetAddrPort(a), detailsVpnAddr)
-		if remoteAllowList.Allow(detailsVpnAddr, b.Addr()) {
-			punch(b, detailsVpnAddr)
-		}
 	}
 
 	for _, a := range n.Details.V6AddrPorts {
-		b := protoV6AddrPortToNetAddrPort(a)
+		punch(protoV6AddrPortToNetAddrPort(a), detailsVpnAddr)
-		if remoteAllowList.Allow(detailsVpnAddr, b.Addr()) {
-			punch(b, detailsVpnAddr)
-		}
 	}
 
 	// This sends a nebula test packet to the host trying to contact us. In the case

lighthouse_test.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v3"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 func TestOldIPv4Only(t *testing.T) {

main.go

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/sshd"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util"
-	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v3"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 type m = map[string]any
@@ -75,8 +75,7 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, logger *logrus.Logg
 	if c.GetBool("sshd.enabled", false) {
 		sshStart, err = configSSH(l, ssh, c)
 		if err != nil {
-			l.WithError(err).Warn("Failed to configure sshd, ssh debugging will not be available")
+			return nil, util.ContextualizeIfNeeded("Error while configuring the sshd", err)
-			sshStart = nil
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -243,6 +242,7 @@ func Main(c *config.C, configTest bool, buildVersion string, logger *logrus.Logg
 		relayManager:          NewRelayManager(ctx, l, hostMap, c),
 		punchy:                punchy,
 		ConntrackCacheTimeout: conntrackCacheTimeout,
+		batchSize:             c.GetInt("tun.batch_size", 64),
 		l:                     l,
 	}
 

outside.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
 	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
 
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ const (
 	minFwPacketLen = 4
 )
 
-func (f *Interface) readOutsidePackets(ip netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, out []byte, packet []byte, h *header.H, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, lhf *LightHouseHandler, nb []byte, q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache, now time.Time) {
+func (f *Interface) readOutsidePackets(ip netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, out []byte, packet []byte, h *header.H, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, lhf *LightHouseHandler, nb []byte, q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache) {
 	err := h.Parse(packet)
 	if err != nil {
 		// Hole punch packets are 0 or 1 byte big, so lets ignore printing those errors
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ func (f *Interface) readOutsidePackets(ip netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, out []
 
 		switch h.Subtype {
 		case header.MessageNone:
-			if !f.decryptToTun(hostinfo, h.MessageCounter, out, packet, fwPacket, nb, q, localCache, now) {
+			if !f.decryptToTun(hostinfo, h.MessageCounter, out, packet, fwPacket, nb, q, localCache) {
 				return
 			}
 		case header.MessageRelay:
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ func (f *Interface) readOutsidePackets(ip netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, out []
 			case TerminalType:
 				// If I am the target of this relay, process the unwrapped packet
 				// From this recursive point, all these variables are 'burned'. We shouldn't rely on them again.
-				f.readOutsidePackets(netip.AddrPort{}, &ViaSender{relayHI: hostinfo, remoteIdx: relay.RemoteIndex, relay: relay}, out[:0], signedPayload, h, fwPacket, lhf, nb, q, localCache, now)
+				f.readOutsidePackets(netip.AddrPort{}, &ViaSender{relayHI: hostinfo, remoteIdx: relay.RemoteIndex, relay: relay}, out[:0], signedPayload, h, fwPacket, lhf, nb, q, localCache)
 				return
 			case ForwardingType:
 				// Find the target HostInfo relay object
@@ -217,217 +216,6 @@ func (f *Interface) readOutsidePackets(ip netip.AddrPort, via *ViaSender, out []
 	f.connectionManager.In(hostinfo)
 }
 
-func (f *Interface) readOutsidePacketsMany(packets []*packet.Packet, out []*packet.OutPacket, h *header.H, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, lhf *LightHouseHandler, nb []byte, q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache, now time.Time) {
-	for i, pkt := range packets {
-		out[i].Scratch = out[i].Scratch[:0]
-		ip := pkt.AddrPort()
-
-		//l.Error("in packet ", header, packet[HeaderLen:])
-		if ip.IsValid() {
-			if f.myVpnNetworksTable.Contains(ip.Addr()) {
-				if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
-					f.l.WithField("udpAddr", ip).Debug("Refusing to process double encrypted packet")
-				}
-				return
-			}
-		}
-
-		//todo per-segment!
-		for segment := range pkt.Segments() {
-
-			err := h.Parse(segment)
-			if err != nil {
-				// Hole punch packets are 0 or 1 byte big, so lets ignore printing those errors
-				if len(segment) > 1 {
-					f.l.WithField("packet", pkt).Infof("Error while parsing inbound packet from %s: %s", ip, err)
-				}
-				return
-			}
-
-			var hostinfo *HostInfo
-			// verify if we've seen this index before, otherwise respond to the handshake initiation
-			if h.Type == header.Message && h.Subtype == header.MessageRelay {
-				hostinfo = f.hostMap.QueryRelayIndex(h.RemoteIndex)
-			} else {
-				hostinfo = f.hostMap.QueryIndex(h.RemoteIndex)
-			}
-
-			var ci *ConnectionState
-			if hostinfo != nil {
-				ci = hostinfo.ConnectionState
-			}
-
-			switch h.Type {
-			case header.Message:
-				// TODO handleEncrypted sends directly to addr on error. Handle this in the tunneling case.
-				if !f.handleEncrypted(ci, ip, h) {
-					return
-				}
-
-				switch h.Subtype {
-				case header.MessageNone:
-					if !f.decryptToTunDelayWrite(hostinfo, h.MessageCounter, out[i], pkt, segment, fwPacket, nb, q, localCache, now) {
-						return
-					}
-				case header.MessageRelay:
-					// The entire body is sent as AD, not encrypted.
-					// The packet consists of a 16-byte parsed Nebula header, Associated Data-protected payload, and a trailing 16-byte AEAD signature value.
-					// The packet is guaranteed to be at least 16 bytes at this point, b/c it got past the h.Parse() call above. If it's
-					// otherwise malformed (meaning, there is no trailing 16 byte AEAD value), then this will result in at worst a 0-length slice
-					// which will gracefully fail in the DecryptDanger call.
-					signedPayload := segment[:len(segment)-hostinfo.ConnectionState.dKey.Overhead()]
-					signatureValue := segment[len(segment)-hostinfo.ConnectionState.dKey.Overhead():]
-					out[i].Scratch, err = hostinfo.ConnectionState.dKey.DecryptDanger(out[i].Scratch, signedPayload, signatureValue, h.MessageCounter, nb)
-					if err != nil {
-						return
-					}
-					// Successfully validated the thing. Get rid of the Relay header.
-					signedPayload = signedPayload[header.Len:]
-					// Pull the Roaming parts up here, and return in all call paths.
-					f.handleHostRoaming(hostinfo, ip)
-					// Track usage of both the HostInfo and the Relay for the received & authenticated packet
-					f.connectionManager.In(hostinfo)
-					f.connectionManager.RelayUsed(h.RemoteIndex)
-
-					relay, ok := hostinfo.relayState.QueryRelayForByIdx(h.RemoteIndex)
-					if !ok {
-						// The only way this happens is if hostmap has an index to the correct HostInfo, but the HostInfo is missing
-						// its internal mapping. This should never happen.
-						hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithFields(logrus.Fields{"vpnAddrs": hostinfo.vpnAddrs, "remoteIndex": h.RemoteIndex}).Error("HostInfo missing remote relay index")
-						return
-					}
-
-					switch relay.Type {
-					case TerminalType:
-						// If I am the target of this relay, process the unwrapped packet
-						// From this recursive point, all these variables are 'burned'. We shouldn't rely on them again.
-						f.readOutsidePackets(netip.AddrPort{}, &ViaSender{relayHI: hostinfo, remoteIdx: relay.RemoteIndex, relay: relay}, out[i].Scratch[:0], signedPayload, h, fwPacket, lhf, nb, q, localCache, now)
-						return
-					case ForwardingType:
-						// Find the target HostInfo relay object
-						targetHI, targetRelay, err := f.hostMap.QueryVpnAddrsRelayFor(hostinfo.vpnAddrs, relay.PeerAddr)
-						if err != nil {
-							hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithField("relayTo", relay.PeerAddr).WithError(err).WithField("hostinfo.vpnAddrs", hostinfo.vpnAddrs).Info("Failed to find target host info by ip")
-							return
-						}
-
-						// If that relay is Established, forward the payload through it
-						if targetRelay.State == Established {
-							switch targetRelay.Type {
-							case ForwardingType:
-								// Forward this packet through the relay tunnel
-								// Find the target HostInfo
-								f.SendVia(targetHI, targetRelay, signedPayload, nb, out[i].Scratch, false)
-								return
-							case TerminalType:
-								hostinfo.logger(f.l).Error("Unexpected Relay Type of Terminal")
-							}
-						} else {
-							hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithFields(logrus.Fields{"relayTo": relay.PeerAddr, "relayFrom": hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0], "targetRelayState": targetRelay.State}).Info("Unexpected target relay state")
-							return
-						}
-					}
-				}
-
-			case header.LightHouse:
-				f.messageMetrics.Rx(h.Type, h.Subtype, 1)
-				if !f.handleEncrypted(ci, ip, h) {
-					return
-				}
-
-				d, err := f.decrypt(hostinfo, h.MessageCounter, out[i].Scratch, segment, h, nb)
-				if err != nil {
-					hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).WithField("udpAddr", ip).
-						WithField("packet", segment).
-						Error("Failed to decrypt lighthouse packet")
-					return
-				}
-
-				lhf.HandleRequest(ip, hostinfo.vpnAddrs, d, f)
-
-				// Fallthrough to the bottom to record incoming traffic
-
-			case header.Test:
-				f.messageMetrics.Rx(h.Type, h.Subtype, 1)
-				if !f.handleEncrypted(ci, ip, h) {
-					return
-				}
-
-				d, err := f.decrypt(hostinfo, h.MessageCounter, out[i].Scratch, segment, h, nb)
-				if err != nil {
-					hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).WithField("udpAddr", ip).
-						WithField("packet", segment).
-						Error("Failed to decrypt test packet")
-					return
-				}
-
-				if h.Subtype == header.TestRequest {
-					// This testRequest might be from TryPromoteBest, so we should roam
-					// to the new IP address before responding
-					f.handleHostRoaming(hostinfo, ip)
-					f.send(header.Test, header.TestReply, ci, hostinfo, d, nb, out[i].Scratch)
-				}
-
-				// Fallthrough to the bottom to record incoming traffic
-
-				// Non encrypted messages below here, they should not fall through to avoid tracking incoming traffic since they
-				// are unauthenticated
-
-			case header.Handshake:
-				f.messageMetrics.Rx(h.Type, h.Subtype, 1)
-				f.handshakeManager.HandleIncoming(ip, nil, segment, h)
-				return
-
-			case header.RecvError:
-				f.messageMetrics.Rx(h.Type, h.Subtype, 1)
-				f.handleRecvError(ip, h)
-				return
-
-			case header.CloseTunnel:
-				f.messageMetrics.Rx(h.Type, h.Subtype, 1)
-				if !f.handleEncrypted(ci, ip, h) {
-					return
-				}
-
-				hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithField("udpAddr", ip).
-					Info("Close tunnel received, tearing down.")
-
-				f.closeTunnel(hostinfo)
-				return
-
-			case header.Control:
-				if !f.handleEncrypted(ci, ip, h) {
-					return
-				}
-
-				d, err := f.decrypt(hostinfo, h.MessageCounter, out[i].Scratch, segment, h, nb)
-				if err != nil {
-					hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).WithField("udpAddr", ip).
-						WithField("packet", segment).
-						Error("Failed to decrypt Control packet")
-					return
-				}
-
-				f.relayManager.HandleControlMsg(hostinfo, d, f)
-
-			default:
-				f.messageMetrics.Rx(h.Type, h.Subtype, 1)
-				hostinfo.logger(f.l).Debugf("Unexpected packet received from %s", ip)
-				return
-			}
-
-			f.handleHostRoaming(hostinfo, ip)
-
-			f.connectionManager.In(hostinfo)
-
-		}
-		_, err := f.readers[q].WriteOne(out[i], false, q)
-		if err != nil {
-			f.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to write packet")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 // closeTunnel closes a tunnel locally, it does not send a closeTunnel packet to the remote
 func (f *Interface) closeTunnel(hostInfo *HostInfo) {
 	final := f.hostMap.DeleteHostInfo(hostInfo)
@@ -545,12 +333,13 @@ func parseV6(data []byte, incoming bool, fp *firewall.Packet) error {
 			}
 
 			fp.Protocol = uint8(proto)
+			ports := data[offset : offset+4]
 			if incoming {
-				fp.RemotePort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[offset : offset+2])
+				fp.RemotePort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(ports[0:2])
-				fp.LocalPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[offset+2 : offset+4])
+				fp.LocalPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(ports[2:4])
 			} else {
-				fp.LocalPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[offset : offset+2])
+				fp.LocalPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(ports[0:2])
-				fp.RemotePort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[offset+2 : offset+4])
+				fp.RemotePort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(ports[2:4])
 			}
 
 			fp.Fragment = false
@@ -677,55 +466,7 @@ func (f *Interface) decrypt(hostinfo *HostInfo, mc uint64, out []byte, packet []
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-func (f *Interface) decryptToTunDelayWrite(hostinfo *HostInfo, messageCounter uint64, out *packet.OutPacket, pkt *packet.Packet, inSegment []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, nb []byte, q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache, now time.Time) bool {
+func (f *Interface) decryptToTun(hostinfo *HostInfo, messageCounter uint64, out []byte, packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, nb []byte, q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache) bool {
-	var err error
-
-	seg, err := f.readers[q].AllocSeg(out, q)
-	if err != nil {
-		f.l.WithError(err).Errorln("decryptToTunDelayWrite: failed to allocate segment")
-		return false
-	}
-
-	out.SegmentPayloads[seg] = out.SegmentPayloads[seg][:0]
-	out.SegmentPayloads[seg], err = hostinfo.ConnectionState.dKey.DecryptDanger(out.SegmentPayloads[seg], inSegment[:header.Len], inSegment[header.Len:], messageCounter, nb)
-	if err != nil {
-		hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).Error("Failed to decrypt packet")
-		return false
-	}
-
-	err = newPacket(out.SegmentPayloads[seg], true, fwPacket)
-	if err != nil {
-		hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithError(err).WithField("packet", out).
-			Warnf("Error while validating inbound packet")
-		return false
-	}
-
-	if !hostinfo.ConnectionState.window.Update(f.l, messageCounter) {
-		hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithField("fwPacket", fwPacket).
-			Debugln("dropping out of window packet")
-		return false
-	}
-
-	dropReason := f.firewall.Drop(*fwPacket, true, hostinfo, f.pki.GetCAPool(), localCache, now)
-	if dropReason != nil {
-		// NOTE: We give `packet` as the `out` here since we already decrypted from it and we don't need it anymore
-		// This gives us a buffer to build the reject packet in
-		f.rejectOutside(out.SegmentPayloads[seg], hostinfo.ConnectionState, hostinfo, nb, inSegment, q)
-		if f.l.Level >= logrus.DebugLevel {
-			hostinfo.logger(f.l).WithField("fwPacket", fwPacket).
-				WithField("reason", dropReason).
-				Debugln("dropping inbound packet")
-		}
-		return false
-	}
-
-	f.connectionManager.In(hostinfo)
-	pkt.OutLen += len(inSegment)
-	out.Segments[seg] = out.Segments[seg][:len(out.SegmentHeaders[seg])+len(out.SegmentPayloads[seg])]
-	return true
-}
-
-func (f *Interface) decryptToTun(hostinfo *HostInfo, messageCounter uint64, out []byte, packet []byte, fwPacket *firewall.Packet, nb []byte, q int, localCache firewall.ConntrackCache, now time.Time) bool {
 	var err error
 
 	out, err = hostinfo.ConnectionState.dKey.DecryptDanger(out, packet[:header.Len], packet[header.Len:], messageCounter, nb)
@@ -747,7 +488,7 @@ func (f *Interface) decryptToTun(hostinfo *HostInfo, messageCounter uint64, out
 		return false
 	}
 
-	dropReason := f.firewall.Drop(*fwPacket, true, hostinfo, f.pki.GetCAPool(), localCache, now)
+	dropReason := f.firewall.Drop(*fwPacket, true, hostinfo, f.pki.GetCAPool(), localCache)
 	if dropReason != nil {
 		// NOTE: We give `packet` as the `out` here since we already decrypted from it and we don't need it anymore
 		// This gives us a buffer to build the reject packet in

overlay/device.go

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 package overlay
 
 import (
+	"io"
 	"net/netip"
 
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 )
 
 type Device interface {
-	TunDev
+	io.ReadWriteCloser
 	Activate() error
 	Networks() []netip.Prefix
 	Name() string
 	RoutesFor(netip.Addr) routing.Gateways
-	NewMultiQueueReader() (TunDev, error)
+	NewMultiQueueReader() (io.ReadWriteCloser, error)
 }

overlay/eventfd/eventfd.go

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-package eventfd
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"syscall"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-type EventFD struct {
-	fd  int
-	buf [8]byte
-}
-
-func New() (EventFD, error) {
-	fd, err := unix.Eventfd(0, unix.EFD_NONBLOCK)
-	if err != nil {
-		return EventFD{}, err
-	}
-	return EventFD{
-		fd:  fd,
-		buf: [8]byte{},
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (e *EventFD) Kick() error {
-	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(e.buf[:], 1) //is this right???
-	_, err := syscall.Write(int(e.fd), e.buf[:])
-	return err
-}
-
-func (e *EventFD) Close() error {
-	if e.fd != 0 {
-		return unix.Close(e.fd)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (e *EventFD) FD() int {
-	return e.fd
-}
-
-type Epoll struct {
-	fd     int
-	buf    [8]byte
-	events []syscall.EpollEvent
-}
-
-func NewEpoll() (Epoll, error) {
-	fd, err := unix.EpollCreate1(0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return Epoll{}, err
-	}
-	return Epoll{
-		fd:     fd,
-		buf:    [8]byte{},
-		events: make([]syscall.EpollEvent, 1),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (ep *Epoll) AddEvent(fdToAdd int) error {
-	event := syscall.EpollEvent{
-		Events: syscall.EPOLLIN,
-		Fd:     int32(fdToAdd),
-	}
-	return syscall.EpollCtl(ep.fd, syscall.EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fdToAdd, &event)
-}
-
-func (ep *Epoll) Block() (int, error) {
-	n, err := syscall.EpollWait(ep.fd, ep.events, -1)
-	if err != nil {
-		//goland:noinspection GoDirectComparisonOfErrors
-		if err == syscall.EINTR {
-			return 0, nil //??
-		}
-		return -1, err
-	}
-	return n, nil
-}
-
-func (ep *Epoll) Clear() error {
-	_, err := syscall.Read(int(ep.events[0].Fd), ep.buf[:])
-	return err
-}
-
-func (ep *Epoll) Close() error {
-	if ep.fd != 0 {
-		return unix.Close(ep.fd)
-	}
-	return nil
-}

overlay/route.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package overlay
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
@@ -305,29 +304,3 @@ func parseUnsafeRoutes(c *config.C, networks []netip.Prefix) ([]Route, error) {
 
 	return routes, nil
 }
-
-func ipWithin(o *net.IPNet, i *net.IPNet) bool {
-	// Make sure o contains the lowest form of i
-	if !o.Contains(i.IP.Mask(i.Mask)) {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// Find the max ip in i
-	ip4 := i.IP.To4()
-	if ip4 == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	last := make(net.IP, len(ip4))
-	copy(last, ip4)
-	for x := range ip4 {
-		last[x] |= ^i.Mask[x]
-	}
-
-	// Make sure o contains the max
-	if !o.Contains(last) {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return true
-}

overlay/route_test.go

@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ func Test_parseUnsafeRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 	// no mtu
 	c.Settings["tun"] = map[string]any{"unsafe_routes": []any{map[string]any{"via": "127.0.0.1", "route": "1.0.0.0/8"}}}
 	routes, err = parseUnsafeRoutes(c, []netip.Prefix{n})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Len(t, routes, 1)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, routes[0].MTU)
 
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ func Test_makeRouteTree(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ip, err = netip.ParseAddr("1.1.0.1")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	r, ok = routeTree.Lookup(ip)
+	_, ok = routeTree.Lookup(ip)
 	assert.False(t, ok)
 }
 

overlay/tun.go

@@ -1,30 +1,15 @@
 package overlay
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util"
 )
 
 const DefaultMTU = 1300
 
-type TunDev interface {
-	io.WriteCloser
-	ReadMany(x []*packet.VirtIOPacket, q int) (int, error)
-
-	//todo this interface sux
-	AllocSeg(pkt *packet.OutPacket, q int) (int, error)
-	WriteOne(x *packet.OutPacket, kick bool, q int) (int, error)
-	WriteMany(x []*packet.OutPacket, q int) (int, error)
-	RecycleRxSeg(pkt *packet.VirtIOPacket, kick bool, q int) error
-}
-
 // TODO: We may be able to remove routines
 type DeviceFactory func(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, routines int) (Device, error)
 
@@ -39,11 +24,11 @@ func NewDeviceFromConfig(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Pref
 	}
 }
 
-//func NewFdDeviceFromConfig(fd *int) DeviceFactory {
+func NewFdDeviceFromConfig(fd *int) DeviceFactory {
-//	return func(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, routines int) (Device, error) {
+	return func(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, routines int) (Device, error) {
-//		return newTunFromFd(c, l, *fd, vpnNetworks)
+		return newTunFromFd(c, l, *fd, vpnNetworks)
-//	}
+	}
-//}
+}
 
 func getAllRoutesFromConfig(c *config.C, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, initial bool) (bool, []Route, error) {
 	if !initial && !c.HasChanged("tun.routes") && !c.HasChanged("tun.unsafe_routes") {
@@ -85,51 +70,3 @@ func findRemovedRoutes(newRoutes, oldRoutes []Route) []Route {
 
 	return removed
 }
-
-func prefixToMask(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
-	pLen := 128
-	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-		pLen = 32
-	}
-
-	addr, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(net.CIDRMask(prefix.Bits(), pLen))
-	return addr
-}
-
-func flipBytes(b []byte) []byte {
-	for i := 0; i < len(b); i++ {
-		b[i] ^= 0xFF
-	}
-	return b
-}
-func orBytes(a []byte, b []byte) []byte {
-	ret := make([]byte, len(a))
-	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
-		ret[i] = a[i] | b[i]
-	}
-	return ret
-}
-
-func getBroadcast(cidr netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
-	broadcast, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(
-		orBytes(
-			cidr.Addr().AsSlice(),
-			flipBytes(prefixToMask(cidr).AsSlice()),
-		),
-	)
-	return broadcast
-}
-
-func selectGateway(dest netip.Prefix, gateways []netip.Prefix) (netip.Prefix, error) {
-	for _, gateway := range gateways {
-		if dest.Addr().Is4() && gateway.Addr().Is4() {
-			return gateway, nil
-		}
-
-		if dest.Addr().Is6() && gateway.Addr().Is6() {
-			return gateway, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("no gateway found for %v in the list of vpn networks", dest)
-}

overlay/tun_darwin.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-//go:build !ios && !e2e_testing
+//go:build darwin && !ios && !e2e_testing
-// +build !ios,!e2e_testing
+// +build darwin,!ios,!e2e_testing
 
 package overlay
 
@@ -8,48 +8,27 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"syscall"
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util"
 	netroute "golang.org/x/net/route"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+	wgtun "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
 )
 
 type tun struct {
-	io.ReadWriteCloser
+	linkAddr *netroute.LinkAddr
-	Device      string
-	vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix
-	DefaultMTU  int
-	Routes      atomic.Pointer[[]Route]
-	routeTree   atomic.Pointer[bart.Table[routing.Gateways]]
-	linkAddr    *netroute.LinkAddr
-	l           *logrus.Logger
-
-	// cache out buffer since we need to prepend 4 bytes for tun metadata
-	out []byte
 }
 
+// ioctl structures for Darwin network configuration
 type ifReq struct {
 	Name  [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
 	Flags uint16
 	pad   [8]byte
 }
 
-const (
-	_SIOCAIFADDR_IN6 = 2155899162
-	_UTUN_OPT_IFNAME = 2
-	_IN6_IFF_NODAD   = 0x0020
-	_IN6_IFF_SECURED = 0x0400
-	utunControlName  = "com.apple.net.utun_control"
-)
-
 type ifreqMTU struct {
 	Name [16]byte
 	MTU  int32
@@ -79,60 +58,61 @@ type ifreqAlias6 struct {
 	Lifetime   addrLifetime
 }
 
-func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (*tun, error) {
+const (
+	_SIOCAIFADDR_IN6 = 2155899162
+	_IN6_IFF_NODAD   = 0x0020
+)
+
+func newTunFromFd(_ *config.C, _ *logrus.Logger, _ int, _ []netip.Prefix) (*wgTun, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("newTunFromFd not supported on Darwin")
+}
+
+func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (*wgTun, error) {
 	name := c.GetString("tun.dev", "")
-	ifIndex := -1
+	deviceName := "utun"
+
+	// Parse device name to handle utun[0-9]+ format
 	if name != "" && name != "utun" {
+		ifIndex := -1
 		_, err := fmt.Sscanf(name, "utun%d", &ifIndex)
 		if err != nil || ifIndex < 0 {
 			// NOTE: we don't make this error so we don't break existing
 			// configs that set a name before it was used.
 			l.Warn("interface name must be utun[0-9]+ on Darwin, ignoring")
-			ifIndex = -1
+		} else {
+			deviceName = name
 		}
 	}
 
-	fd, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_SYSTEM, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.AF_SYS_CONTROL)
+	mtu := c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU)
+
+	// Create WireGuard TUN device
+	tunDevice, err := wgtun.CreateTUN(deviceName, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("system socket: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create TUN device: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	var ctlInfo = &unix.CtlInfo{}
+	// Get the actual device name
-	copy(ctlInfo.Name[:], utunControlName)
+	actualName, err := tunDevice.Name()
-
-	err = unix.IoctlCtlInfo(fd, ctlInfo)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("CTLIOCGINFO: %v", err)
+		tunDevice.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get TUN device name: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = unix.Connect(fd, &unix.SockaddrCtl{
+	t := &wgTun{
-		ID:   ctlInfo.Id,
+		tunDevice:   tunDevice,
-		Unit: uint32(ifIndex) + 1,
+		vpnNetworks: vpnNetworks,
-	})
+		MaxMTU:      mtu,
-	if err != nil {
+		DefaultMTU:  mtu,
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("SYS_CONNECT: %v", err)
+		l:           l,
 	}
 
-	name, err = unix.GetsockoptString(fd, unix.AF_SYS_CONTROL, _UTUN_OPT_IFNAME)
+	// Create Darwin-specific route manager
-	if err != nil {
+	t.routeManager = &tun{}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve tun name: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = unix.SetNonblock(fd, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("SetNonblock: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	t := &tun{
-		ReadWriteCloser: os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), ""),
-		Device:          name,
-		vpnNetworks:     vpnNetworks,
-		DefaultMTU:      c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU),
-		l:               l,
-	}
 
 	err = t.reload(c, true)
 	if err != nil {
+		tunDevice.Close()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -143,215 +123,251 @@ func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (
 		}
 	})
 
+	l.WithField("name", actualName).Info("Created WireGuard TUN device")
+
 	return t, nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) deviceBytes() (o [16]byte) {
+func (rm *tun) Activate(t *wgTun) error {
-	for i, c := range t.Device {
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
-		o[i] = byte(c)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func newTunFromFd(_ *config.C, _ *logrus.Logger, _ int, _ []netip.Prefix) (*tun, error) {
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("newTunFromFd not supported in Darwin")
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Close() error {
-	if t.ReadWriteCloser != nil {
-		return t.ReadWriteCloser.Close()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Activate() error {
-	devName := t.deviceBytes()
-
-	s, err := unix.Socket(
-		unix.AF_INET,
-		unix.SOCK_DGRAM,
-		unix.IPPROTO_IP,
-	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get device name: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer unix.Close(s)
-
-	fd := uintptr(s)
-
-	// Set the MTU on the device
-	ifm := ifreqMTU{Name: devName, MTU: int32(t.DefaultMTU)}
-	if err = ioctl(fd, unix.SIOCSIFMTU, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifm))); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun mtu: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// Get the device flags
+	// Set the MTU
-	ifrf := ifReq{Name: devName}
+	rm.SetMTU(t, t.MaxMTU)
-	if err = ioctl(fd, unix.SIOCGIFFLAGS, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifrf))); err != nil {
+
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get tun flags: %s", err)
+	// Add IP addresses
+	for _, network := range t.vpnNetworks {
+		if err := rm.addIP(t, name, network); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 
-	linkAddr, err := getLinkAddr(t.Device)
+	// Bring up the interface using ioctl
+	if err := rm.bringUpInterface(name); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bring up interface: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Get the link address for routing
+	linkAddr, err := getLinkAddr(name)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get link address: %w", err)
 	}
 	if linkAddr == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to discover link_addr for tun interface")
 	}
-	t.linkAddr = linkAddr
+	rm.linkAddr = linkAddr
 
-	for _, network := range t.vpnNetworks {
+	// Set the routes
-		if network.Addr().Is4() {
+	if err := rm.AddRoutes(t, false); err != nil {
-			err = t.activate4(network)
+		return err
-			if err != nil {
+	}
-				return err
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) bringUpInterface(name string) error {
+	// Open a socket for ioctl
+	fd, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create socket: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(fd)
+
+	// Get current flags
+	var ifrf ifReq
+	copy(ifrf.Name[:], name)
+
+	if err := ioctl(uintptr(fd), unix.SIOCGIFFLAGS, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifrf))); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get interface flags: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Set IFF_UP and IFF_RUNNING flags
+	ifrf.Flags = ifrf.Flags | unix.IFF_UP | unix.IFF_RUNNING
+
+	if err := ioctl(uintptr(fd), unix.SIOCSIFFLAGS, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifrf))); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set interface flags: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) SetMTU(t *wgTun, mtu int) {
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to get device name for MTU set")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Open a socket for ioctl
+	fd, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to create socket for MTU set")
+		return
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(fd)
+
+	// Prepare the ioctl request
+	var ifr ifreqMTU
+	copy(ifr.Name[:], name)
+	ifr.MTU = int32(mtu)
+
+	// Set the MTU using ioctl
+	if err := ioctl(uintptr(fd), unix.SIOCSIFMTU, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifr))); err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to set tun mtu via ioctl")
+	}
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) SetDefaultRoute(t *wgTun, cidr netip.Prefix) error {
+	// On Darwin, routes are set via ifconfig and route commands
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) AddRoutes(t *wgTun, logErrors bool) error {
+	routes := *t.Routes.Load()
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		if !r.Install {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		err := rm.addRoute(r.Cidr)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, unix.EEXIST) {
+				t.l.WithField("route", r.Cidr).
+					Warnf("unable to add unsafe_route, identical route already exists")
+			} else {
+				retErr := util.NewContextualError("Failed to add route", map[string]any{"route": r}, err)
+				if logErrors {
+					retErr.Log(t.l)
+				} else {
+					return retErr
+				}
 			}
 		} else {
-			err = t.activate6(network)
+			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Added route")
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Run the interface
+	return nil
-	ifrf.Flags = ifrf.Flags | unix.IFF_UP | unix.IFF_RUNNING
-	if err = ioctl(fd, unix.SIOCSIFFLAGS, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifrf))); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run tun device: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	// Unsafe path routes
-	return t.addRoutes(false)
 }
 
-func (t *tun) activate4(network netip.Prefix) error {
+func (rm *tun) RemoveRoutes(t *wgTun, routes []Route) {
-	s, err := unix.Socket(
+	for _, r := range routes {
-		unix.AF_INET,
+		if !r.Install {
-		unix.SOCK_DGRAM,
+			continue
-		unix.IPPROTO_IP,
+		}
-	)
+
+		err := rm.delRoute(r.Cidr)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.l.WithError(err).WithField("route", r).Error("Failed to remove route")
+		} else {
+			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Removed route")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) NewMultiQueueReader(t *wgTun) (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
+	// Darwin doesn't support multi-queue TUN devices in the same way as Linux
+	// Return a reader that wraps the same device
+	return &wgTunReader{
+		parent:    t,
+		tunDevice: t.tunDevice,
+		offset:    0,
+		l:         t.l,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) addIP(t *wgTun, name string, network netip.Prefix) error {
+	addr := network.Addr()
+
+	if addr.Is4() {
+		return rm.addIPv4(name, network)
+	} else {
+		return rm.addIPv6(name, network)
+	}
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) addIPv4(name string, network netip.Prefix) error {
+	// Open an IPv4 socket for ioctl
+	s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create IPv4 socket: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer unix.Close(s)
 
-	ifr := ifreqAlias4{
+	var ifr ifreqAlias4
-		Name: t.deviceBytes(),
+	copy(ifr.Name[:], name)
-		Addr: unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
+
-			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
+	// Set the address
-			Family: unix.AF_INET,
+	ifr.Addr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
-			Addr:   network.Addr().As4(),
+		Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
-		},
+		Family: unix.AF_INET,
-		DstAddr: unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
+		Addr:   network.Addr().As4(),
-			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
+	}
-			Family: unix.AF_INET,
+
-			Addr:   network.Addr().As4(),
+	// Set the destination address (same as address for point-to-point)
-		},
+	ifr.DstAddr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
-		MaskAddr: unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
+		Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
-			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
+		Family: unix.AF_INET,
-			Family: unix.AF_INET,
+		Addr:   network.Addr().As4(),
-			Addr:   prefixToMask(network).As4(),
+	}
-		},
+
+	// Set the netmask
+	ifr.MaskAddr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
+		Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
+		Family: unix.AF_INET,
+		Addr:   prefixToMask(network).As4(),
 	}
 
 	if err := ioctl(uintptr(s), unix.SIOCAIFADDR, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifr))); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun v4 address: %s", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set IPv4 address via ioctl: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = addRoute(network, t.linkAddr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) activate6(network netip.Prefix) error {
+func (rm *tun) addIPv6(name string, network netip.Prefix) error {
-	s, err := unix.Socket(
+	// Open an IPv6 socket for ioctl
-		unix.AF_INET6,
+	s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET6, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
-		unix.SOCK_DGRAM,
-		unix.IPPROTO_IP,
-	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create IPv6 socket: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer unix.Close(s)
 
-	ifr := ifreqAlias6{
+	var ifr ifreqAlias6
-		Name: t.deviceBytes(),
+	copy(ifr.Name[:], name)
-		Addr: unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
+
-			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
+	// Set the address
-			Family: unix.AF_INET6,
+	ifr.Addr = unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
-			Addr:   network.Addr().As16(),
+		Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
-		},
+		Family: unix.AF_INET6,
-		PrefixMask: unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
+		Addr:   network.Addr().As16(),
-			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
-			Family: unix.AF_INET6,
-			Addr:   prefixToMask(network).As16(),
-		},
-		Lifetime: addrLifetime{
-			// never expires
-			Vltime: 0xffffffff,
-			Pltime: 0xffffffff,
-		},
-		Flags: _IN6_IFF_NODAD,
 	}
 
+	// Set the prefix mask
+	ifr.PrefixMask = unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
+		Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
+		Family: unix.AF_INET6,
+		Addr:   prefixToMask(network).As16(),
+	}
+
+	// Set lifetime (never expires)
+	ifr.Lifetime = addrLifetime{
+		Vltime: 0xffffffff,
+		Pltime: 0xffffffff,
+	}
+
+	// Set flags (no DAD - Duplicate Address Detection)
+	ifr.Flags = _IN6_IFF_NODAD
+
 	if err := ioctl(uintptr(s), _SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifr))); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun address: %s", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set IPv6 address via ioctl: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
-	change, routes, err := getAllRoutesFromConfig(c, t.vpnNetworks, initial)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if !initial && !change {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	routeTree, err := makeRouteTree(t.l, routes, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Teach nebula how to handle the routes before establishing them in the system table
-	oldRoutes := t.Routes.Swap(&routes)
-	t.routeTree.Store(routeTree)
-
-	if !initial {
-		// Remove first, if the system removes a wanted route hopefully it will be re-added next
-		err := t.removeRoutes(findRemovedRoutes(routes, *oldRoutes))
-		if err != nil {
-			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Failed to remove routes", err, t.l)
-		}
-
-		// Ensure any routes we actually want are installed
-		err = t.addRoutes(true)
-		if err != nil {
-			// Catch any stray logs
-			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Failed to add routes", err, t.l)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) RoutesFor(ip netip.Addr) routing.Gateways {
-	r, ok := t.routeTree.Load().Lookup(ip)
-	if ok {
-		return r
-	}
-	return routing.Gateways{}
-}
-
-// Get the LinkAddr for the interface of the given name
-// Is there an easier way to fetch this when we create the interface?
-// Maybe SIOCGIFINDEX? but this doesn't appear to exist in the darwin headers.
 func getLinkAddr(name string) (*netroute.LinkAddr, error) {
 	rib, err := netroute.FetchRIB(unix.AF_UNSPEC, unix.NET_RT_IFLIST, 0)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -377,53 +393,7 @@ func getLinkAddr(name string) (*netroute.LinkAddr, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
+func (rm *tun) addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix) error {
-	routes := *t.Routes.Load()
-
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		if len(r.Via) == 0 || !r.Install {
-			// We don't allow route MTUs so only install routes with a via
-			continue
-		}
-
-		err := addRoute(r.Cidr, t.linkAddr)
-		if err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, unix.EEXIST) {
-				t.l.WithField("route", r.Cidr).
-					Warnf("unable to add unsafe_route, identical route already exists")
-			} else {
-				retErr := util.NewContextualError("Failed to add route", map[string]any{"route": r}, err)
-				if logErrors {
-					retErr.Log(t.l)
-				} else {
-					return retErr
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Added route")
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) removeRoutes(routes []Route) error {
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		if !r.Install {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		err := delRoute(r.Cidr, t.linkAddr)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.l.WithError(err).WithField("route", r).Error("Failed to remove route")
-		} else {
-			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Removed route")
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateway netroute.Addr) error {
 	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.AF_UNSPEC)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create AF_ROUTE socket: %v", err)
@@ -441,13 +411,13 @@ func addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateway netroute.Addr) error {
 		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
 			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()},
 			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As4()},
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: gateway,
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: rm.linkAddr,
 		}
 	} else {
 		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
 			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As16()},
 			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As16()},
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: gateway,
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: rm.linkAddr,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -464,7 +434,7 @@ func addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateway netroute.Addr) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func delRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateway netroute.Addr) error {
+func (rm *tun) delRoute(prefix netip.Prefix) error {
 	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.AF_UNSPEC)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create AF_ROUTE socket: %v", err)
@@ -481,13 +451,13 @@ func delRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateway netroute.Addr) error {
 		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
 			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()},
 			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As4()},
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: gateway,
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: rm.linkAddr,
 		}
 	} else {
 		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
 			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As16()},
 			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As16()},
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: gateway,
+			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: rm.linkAddr,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -495,6 +465,7 @@ func delRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateway netroute.Addr) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage: %w", err)
 	}
+
 	_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write route.RouteMessage to socket: %w", err)
@@ -503,52 +474,34 @@ func delRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateway netroute.Addr) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Read(to []byte) (int, error) {
+func ioctl(a1, a2, a3 uintptr) error {
-	buf := make([]byte, len(to)+4)
+	_, _, errno := unix.Syscall(unix.SYS_IOCTL, a1, a2, a3)
-
+	if errno != 0 {
-	n, err := t.ReadWriteCloser.Read(buf)
+		return errno
-
+	}
-	copy(to, buf[4:])
+	return nil
-	return n - 4, err
 }
 
-// Write is only valid for single threaded use
+func prefixToMask(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
-func (t *tun) Write(from []byte) (int, error) {
+	bits := prefix.Bits()
-	buf := t.out
+	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-	if cap(buf) < len(from)+4 {
+		// Create IPv4 netmask from prefix length
-		buf = make([]byte, len(from)+4)
+		mask := ^uint32(0) << (32 - bits)
-		t.out = buf
+		return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{
-	}
+			byte(mask >> 24),
-	buf = buf[:len(from)+4]
+			byte(mask >> 16),
-
+			byte(mask >> 8),
-	if len(from) == 0 {
+			byte(mask),
-		return 0, syscall.EIO
+		})
-	}
-
-	// Determine the IP Family for the NULL L2 Header
-	ipVer := from[0] >> 4
-	if ipVer == 4 {
-		buf[3] = syscall.AF_INET
-	} else if ipVer == 6 {
-		buf[3] = syscall.AF_INET6
 	} else {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unable to determine IP version from packet")
+		// Create IPv6 netmask from prefix length
+		var mask [16]byte
+		for i := 0; i < bits/8; i++ {
+			mask[i] = 0xff
+		}
+		if bits%8 != 0 {
+			mask[bits/8] = ^byte(0) << (8 - bits%8)
+		}
+		return netip.AddrFrom16(mask)
 	}
-
-	copy(buf[4:], from)
-
-	n, err := t.ReadWriteCloser.Write(buf)
-	return n - 4, err
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Networks() []netip.Prefix {
-	return t.vpnNetworks
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Name() string {
-	return t.Device
-}
-
-func (t *tun) NewMultiQueueReader() (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("TODO: multiqueue not implemented for darwin")
 }

overlay/tun_disabled.go

@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/iputil"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/virtqueue"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 )
 
@@ -24,10 +22,6 @@ type disabledTun struct {
 	l  *logrus.Logger
 }
 
-func (*disabledTun) RecycleRxSeg(pkt *packet.VirtIOPacket, kick bool, q int) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
 func newDisabledTun(vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, queueLen int, metricsEnabled bool, l *logrus.Logger) *disabledTun {
 	tun := &disabledTun{
 		vpnNetworks: vpnNetworks,
@@ -46,10 +40,6 @@ func newDisabledTun(vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, queueLen int, metricsEnabled boo
 	return tun
 }
 
-func (*disabledTun) GetQueues() []*virtqueue.SplitQueue {
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (*disabledTun) Activate() error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -115,23 +105,7 @@ func (t *disabledTun) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	return len(b), nil
 }
 
-func (t *disabledTun) AllocSeg(pkt *packet.OutPacket, q int) (int, error) {
+func (t *disabledTun) NewMultiQueueReader() (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("tun_disabled: AllocSeg not implemented")
-}
-
-func (t *disabledTun) WriteOne(x *packet.OutPacket, kick bool, q int) (int, error) {
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("tun_disabled: WriteOne not implemented")
-}
-
-func (t *disabledTun) WriteMany(x []*packet.OutPacket, q int) (int, error) {
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("tun_disabled: WriteMany not implemented")
-}
-
-func (t *disabledTun) ReadMany(b []*packet.VirtIOPacket, _ int) (int, error) {
-	return t.Read(b[0].Payload)
-}
-
-func (t *disabledTun) NewMultiQueueReader() (TunDev, error) {
 	return t, nil
 }
 

overlay/tun_freebsd.go

@@ -1,284 +1,77 @@
-//go:build !e2e_testing
+//go:build freebsd && !e2e_testing
-// +build !e2e_testing
+// +build freebsd,!e2e_testing
 
 package overlay
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/fs"
 	"net/netip"
-	"sync/atomic"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"syscall"
-	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util"
-	netroute "golang.org/x/net/route"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+	wgtun "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
 )
 
-const (
+type tun struct{}
-	// FIODGNAME is defined in sys/sys/filio.h on FreeBSD
-	// For 32-bit systems, use FIODGNAME_32 (not defined in this file: 0x80086678)
-	FIODGNAME        = 0x80106678
-	TUNSIFMODE       = 0x8004745e
-	TUNSIFHEAD       = 0x80047460
-	OSIOCAIFADDR_IN6 = 0x8088691b
-	IN6_IFF_NODAD    = 0x0020
-)
-
-type fiodgnameArg struct {
-	length int32
-	pad    [4]byte
-	buf    unsafe.Pointer
-}
 
+// ifreqRename is used for renaming network interfaces on FreeBSD
 type ifreqRename struct {
 	Name [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
 	Data uintptr
 }
 
-type ifreqDestroy struct {
+func newTunFromFd(_ *config.C, _ *logrus.Logger, _ int, _ []netip.Prefix) (*wgTun, error) {
-	Name [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("newTunFromFd not supported on FreeBSD")
-	pad  [16]byte
 }
 
-type ifReq struct {
+func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (*wgTun, error) {
-	Name  [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	deviceName := c.GetString("tun.dev", "tun")
-	Flags uint16
+	mtu := c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU)
-}
 
-type ifreqMTU struct {
+	// Create WireGuard TUN device
-	Name [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	tunDevice, err := wgtun.CreateTUN(deviceName, mtu)
-	MTU  int32
-}
-
-type addrLifetime struct {
-	Expire    uint64
-	Preferred uint64
-	Vltime    uint32
-	Pltime    uint32
-}
-
-type ifreqAlias4 struct {
-	Name     [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
-	Addr     unix.RawSockaddrInet4
-	DstAddr  unix.RawSockaddrInet4
-	MaskAddr unix.RawSockaddrInet4
-	VHid     uint32
-}
-
-type ifreqAlias6 struct {
-	Name       [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
-	Addr       unix.RawSockaddrInet6
-	DstAddr    unix.RawSockaddrInet6
-	PrefixMask unix.RawSockaddrInet6
-	Flags      uint32
-	Lifetime   addrLifetime
-	VHid       uint32
-}
-
-type tun struct {
-	Device      string
-	vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix
-	MTU         int
-	Routes      atomic.Pointer[[]Route]
-	routeTree   atomic.Pointer[bart.Table[routing.Gateways]]
-	linkAddr    *netroute.LinkAddr
-	l           *logrus.Logger
-	devFd       int
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Read(to []byte) (int, error) {
-	// use readv() to read from the tunnel device, to eliminate the need for copying the buffer
-	if t.devFd < 0 {
-		return -1, syscall.EINVAL
-	}
-
-	// first 4 bytes is protocol family, in network byte order
-	head := make([]byte, 4)
-
-	iovecs := []syscall.Iovec{
-		{&head[0], 4},
-		{&to[0], uint64(len(to))},
-	}
-
-	n, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_READV, uintptr(t.devFd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&iovecs[0])), uintptr(2))
-
-	var err error
-	if errno != 0 {
-		err = syscall.Errno(errno)
-	} else {
-		err = nil
-	}
-	// fix bytes read number to exclude header
-	bytesRead := int(n)
-	if bytesRead < 0 {
-		return bytesRead, err
-	} else if bytesRead < 4 {
-		return 0, err
-	} else {
-		return bytesRead - 4, err
-	}
-}
-
-// Write is only valid for single threaded use
-func (t *tun) Write(from []byte) (int, error) {
-	// use writev() to write to the tunnel device, to eliminate the need for copying the buffer
-	if t.devFd < 0 {
-		return -1, syscall.EINVAL
-	}
-
-	if len(from) <= 1 {
-		return 0, syscall.EIO
-	}
-	ipVer := from[0] >> 4
-	var head []byte
-	// first 4 bytes is protocol family, in network byte order
-	if ipVer == 4 {
-		head = []byte{0, 0, 0, syscall.AF_INET}
-	} else if ipVer == 6 {
-		head = []byte{0, 0, 0, syscall.AF_INET6}
-	} else {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unable to determine IP version from packet")
-	}
-	iovecs := []syscall.Iovec{
-		{&head[0], 4},
-		{&from[0], uint64(len(from))},
-	}
-
-	n, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_WRITEV, uintptr(t.devFd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&iovecs[0])), uintptr(2))
-
-	var err error
-	if errno != 0 {
-		err = syscall.Errno(errno)
-	} else {
-		err = nil
-	}
-
-	return int(n) - 4, err
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Close() error {
-	if t.devFd >= 0 {
-		err := syscall.Close(t.devFd)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.l.WithError(err).Error("Error closing device")
-		}
-		t.devFd = -1
-
-		c := make(chan struct{})
-		go func() {
-			// destroying the interface can block if a read() is still pending. Do this asynchronously.
-			defer close(c)
-			s, err := syscall.Socket(syscall.AF_INET, syscall.SOCK_DGRAM, syscall.IPPROTO_IP)
-			if err == nil {
-				defer syscall.Close(s)
-				ifreq := ifreqDestroy{Name: t.deviceBytes()}
-				err = ioctl(uintptr(s), syscall.SIOCIFDESTROY, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifreq)))
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				t.l.WithError(err).Error("Error destroying tunnel")
-			}
-		}()
-
-		// wait up to 1 second so we start blocking at the ioctl
-		select {
-		case <-c:
-		case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func newTunFromFd(_ *config.C, _ *logrus.Logger, _ int, _ []netip.Prefix) (*tun, error) {
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("newTunFromFd not supported in FreeBSD")
-}
-
-func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (*tun, error) {
-	// Try to open existing tun device
-	var fd int
-	var err error
-	deviceName := c.GetString("tun.dev", "")
-	if deviceName != "" {
-		fd, err = syscall.Open("/dev/"+deviceName, syscall.O_RDWR, 0)
-	}
-	if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) || deviceName == "" {
-		// If the device doesn't already exist, request a new one and rename it
-		fd, err = syscall.Open("/dev/tun", syscall.O_RDWR, 0)
-	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create TUN device: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Read the name of the interface
+	// Get the actual device name
-	var name [16]byte
+	actualName, err := tunDevice.Name()
-	arg := fiodgnameArg{length: 16, buf: unsafe.Pointer(&name)}
+	if err != nil {
-	ctrlErr := ioctl(uintptr(fd), FIODGNAME, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&arg)))
+		tunDevice.Close()
-
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get TUN device name: %w", err)
-	if ctrlErr == nil {
-		// set broadcast mode and multicast
-		ifmode := uint32(unix.IFF_BROADCAST | unix.IFF_MULTICAST)
-		ctrlErr = ioctl(uintptr(fd), TUNSIFMODE, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifmode)))
-	}
-
-	if ctrlErr == nil {
-		// turn on link-layer mode, to support ipv6
-		ifhead := uint32(1)
-		ctrlErr = ioctl(uintptr(fd), TUNSIFHEAD, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifhead)))
-	}
-
-	if ctrlErr != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ifName := string(bytes.TrimRight(name[:], "\x00"))
-	if deviceName == "" {
-		deviceName = ifName
 	}
 
 	// If the name doesn't match the desired interface name, rename it now
-	if ifName != deviceName {
+	if actualName != deviceName && deviceName != "" && deviceName != "tun" {
-		s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
+		if err := renameInterface(actualName, deviceName); err != nil {
-		if err != nil {
+			tunDevice.Close()
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to rename interface from %s to %s: %w", actualName, deviceName, err)
 		}
-		defer syscall.Close(s)
+		actualName = deviceName
-
-		fd := uintptr(s)
-
-		var fromName [16]byte
-		var toName [16]byte
-		copy(fromName[:], ifName)
-		copy(toName[:], deviceName)
-
-		ifrr := ifreqRename{
-			Name: fromName,
-			Data: uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&toName)),
-		}
-
-		// Set the device name
-		ioctl(fd, syscall.SIOCSIFNAME, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifrr)))
 	}
 
-	t := &tun{
+	t := &wgTun{
-		Device:      deviceName,
+		tunDevice:   tunDevice,
 		vpnNetworks: vpnNetworks,
-		MTU:         c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU),
+		MaxMTU:      mtu,
+		DefaultMTU:  mtu,
 		l:           l,
-		devFd:       fd,
 	}
 
+	// Create FreeBSD-specific route manager
+	t.routeManager = &tun{}
+
 	err = t.reload(c, true)
 	if err != nil {
+		tunDevice.Close()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -289,180 +82,86 @@ func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (
 		}
 	})
 
+	l.WithField("name", actualName).Info("Created WireGuard TUN device")
+
 	return t, nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) addIp(cidr netip.Prefix) error {
+func (rm *tun) Activate(t *wgTun) error {
-	if cidr.Addr().Is4() {
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
-		ifr := ifreqAlias4{
-			Name: t.deviceBytes(),
-			Addr: unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
-				Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
-				Family: unix.AF_INET,
-				Addr:   cidr.Addr().As4(),
-			},
-			DstAddr: unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
-				Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
-				Family: unix.AF_INET,
-				Addr:   getBroadcast(cidr).As4(),
-			},
-			MaskAddr: unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
-				Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
-				Family: unix.AF_INET,
-				Addr:   prefixToMask(cidr).As4(),
-			},
-			VHid: 0,
-		}
-		s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer syscall.Close(s)
-		// Note: unix.SIOCAIFADDR corresponds to FreeBSD's OSIOCAIFADDR
-		if err := ioctl(uintptr(s), unix.SIOCAIFADDR, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifr))); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun address %s: %s", cidr.Addr().String(), err)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if cidr.Addr().Is6() {
-		ifr := ifreqAlias6{
-			Name: t.deviceBytes(),
-			Addr: unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
-				Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
-				Family: unix.AF_INET6,
-				Addr:   cidr.Addr().As16(),
-			},
-			PrefixMask: unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
-				Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
-				Family: unix.AF_INET6,
-				Addr:   prefixToMask(cidr).As16(),
-			},
-			Lifetime: addrLifetime{
-				Expire:    0,
-				Preferred: 0,
-				Vltime:    0xffffffff,
-				Pltime:    0xffffffff,
-			},
-			Flags: IN6_IFF_NODAD,
-		}
-		s, err := syscall.Socket(syscall.AF_INET6, syscall.SOCK_DGRAM, syscall.IPPROTO_IP)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer syscall.Close(s)
-
-		if err := ioctl(uintptr(s), OSIOCAIFADDR_IN6, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifr))); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun address %s: %s", cidr.Addr().String(), err)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Errorf("unknown address type %v", cidr)
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Activate() error {
-	// Setup our default MTU
-	err := t.setMTU()
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get device name: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	linkAddr, err := getLinkAddr(t.Device)
+	// Set the MTU
-	if err != nil {
+	rm.SetMTU(t, t.MaxMTU)
-		return err
-	}
-	if linkAddr == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to discover link_addr for tun interface")
-	}
-	t.linkAddr = linkAddr
 
-	for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
+	// Add IP addresses
-		err := t.addIp(t.vpnNetworks[i])
+	for _, network := range t.vpnNetworks {
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := rm.addIP(t, name, network); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 
-	return t.addRoutes(false)
+	// Bring up the interface
-}
+	if err := runCommandBSD("ifconfig", name, "up"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bring up interface: %w", err)
+	}
 
-func (t *tun) setMTU() error {
+	// Set the routes
-	// Set the MTU on the device
+	if err := rm.AddRoutes(t, false); err != nil {
-	s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
-	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer syscall.Close(s)
-
-	ifm := ifreqMTU{Name: t.deviceBytes(), MTU: int32(t.MTU)}
-	err = ioctl(uintptr(s), unix.SIOCSIFMTU, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifm)))
-	return err
-}
-
-func (t *tun) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
-	change, routes, err := getAllRoutesFromConfig(c, t.vpnNetworks, initial)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if !initial && !change {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	routeTree, err := makeRouteTree(t.l, routes, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Teach nebula how to handle the routes before establishing them in the system table
-	oldRoutes := t.Routes.Swap(&routes)
-	t.routeTree.Store(routeTree)
-
-	if !initial {
-		// Remove first, if the system removes a wanted route hopefully it will be re-added next
-		err := t.removeRoutes(findRemovedRoutes(routes, *oldRoutes))
-		if err != nil {
-			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Failed to remove routes", err, t.l)
-		}
-
-		// Ensure any routes we actually want are installed
-		err = t.addRoutes(true)
-		if err != nil {
-			// Catch any stray logs
-			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Failed to add routes", err, t.l)
-		}
-	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) RoutesFor(ip netip.Addr) routing.Gateways {
+func (rm *tun) SetMTU(t *wgTun, mtu int) {
-	r, _ := t.routeTree.Load().Lookup(ip)
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
-	return r
+	if err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to get device name for MTU set")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := runCommandBSD("ifconfig", name, "mtu", strconv.Itoa(mtu)); err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to set tun mtu")
+	}
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Networks() []netip.Prefix {
+func (rm *tun) SetDefaultRoute(t *wgTun, cidr netip.Prefix) error {
-	return t.vpnNetworks
+	// On FreeBSD, routes are set via ifconfig and route commands
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Name() string {
+func (rm *tun) AddRoutes(t *wgTun, logErrors bool) error {
-	return t.Device
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
-}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get device name: %w", err)
+	}
 
-func (t *tun) NewMultiQueueReader() (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("TODO: multiqueue not implemented for freebsd")
-}
-
-func (t *tun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
 	routes := *t.Routes.Load()
 	for _, r := range routes {
-		if len(r.Via) == 0 || !r.Install {
+		if !r.Install {
-			// We don't allow route MTUs so only install routes with a via
 			continue
 		}
 
-		err := addRoute(r.Cidr, t.linkAddr)
+		// Add route using route command
+		args := []string{"add"}
+
+		if r.Cidr.Addr().Is6() {
+			args = append(args, "-inet6")
+		} else {
+			args = append(args, "-inet")
+		}
+
+		args = append(args, r.Cidr.String(), "-interface", name)
+
+		if r.Metric > 0 {
+			// FreeBSD doesn't support route metrics directly like Linux
+			t.l.WithField("route", r).Warn("Route metrics are not fully supported on FreeBSD")
+		}
+
+		err := runCommandBSD("route", args...)
 		if err != nil {
 			retErr := util.NewContextualError("Failed to add route", map[string]any{"route": r}, err)
 			if logErrors {
@@ -478,142 +177,99 @@ func (t *tun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) removeRoutes(routes []Route) error {
+func (rm *tun) RemoveRoutes(t *wgTun, routes []Route) {
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to get device name for route removal")
+		return
+	}
+
 	for _, r := range routes {
 		if !r.Install {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		err := delRoute(r.Cidr, t.linkAddr)
+		args := []string{"delete"}
+
+		if r.Cidr.Addr().Is6() {
+			args = append(args, "-inet6")
+		} else {
+			args = append(args, "-inet")
+		}
+
+		args = append(args, r.Cidr.String(), "-interface", name)
+
+		err := runCommandBSD("route", args...)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.l.WithError(err).WithField("route", r).Error("Failed to remove route")
 		} else {
 			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Removed route")
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) deviceBytes() (o [16]byte) {
+func (rm *tun) NewMultiQueueReader(t *wgTun) (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
-	for i, c := range t.Device {
+	// FreeBSD doesn't support multi-queue TUN devices in the same way as Linux
-		o[i] = byte(c)
+	// Return a reader that wraps the same device
-	}
+	return &wgTunReader{
-	return
+		parent:    t,
+		tunDevice: t.tunDevice,
+		offset:    0,
+		l:         t.l,
+	}, nil
 }
 
-func addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateway netroute.Addr) error {
+func (rm *tun) addIP(t *wgTun, name string, network netip.Prefix) error {
-	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.AF_UNSPEC)
+	addr := network.Addr()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create AF_ROUTE socket: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer unix.Close(sock)
 
-	route := &netroute.RouteMessage{
+	if addr.Is4() {
-		Version: unix.RTM_VERSION,
+		// For IPv4: ifconfig tun0 10.0.0.1/24
-		Type:    unix.RTM_ADD,
+		if err := runCommandBSD("ifconfig", name, network.String()); err != nil {
-		Flags:   unix.RTF_UP,
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to add IPv4 address: %w", err)
-		Seq:     1,
-	}
-
-	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
-			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()},
-			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As4()},
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: gateway,
 		}
 	} else {
-		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
+		// For IPv6: ifconfig tun0 inet6 add 2001:db8::1/64
-			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As16()},
+		if err := runCommandBSD("ifconfig", name, "inet6", "add", network.String()); err != nil {
-			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As16()},
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to add IPv6 address: %w", err)
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: gateway,
 		}
 	}
 
-	data, err := route.Marshal()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, unix.EEXIST) {
-			// Try to do a change
-			route.Type = unix.RTM_CHANGE
-			data, err = route.Marshal()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage for change: %w", err)
-			}
-			_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
-			fmt.Println("DOING CHANGE")
-			return err
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write route.RouteMessage to socket: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
-func delRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateway netroute.Addr) error {
+func runCommandBSD(name string, args ...string) error {
-	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.AF_UNSPEC)
+	cmd := exec.Command(name, args...)
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create AF_ROUTE socket: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s %s failed: %w\nOutput: %s", name, strings.Join(args, " "), err, string(output))
 	}
-	defer unix.Close(sock)
+	return nil
+}
 
-	route := netroute.RouteMessage{
+func renameInterface(fromName, toName string) error {
-		Version: unix.RTM_VERSION,
+	s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
-		Type:    unix.RTM_DELETE,
+	if err != nil {
-		Seq:     1,
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create socket: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer syscall.Close(s)
+
+	fd := uintptr(s)
+
+	var fromNameBytes [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	var toNameBytes [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	copy(fromNameBytes[:], fromName)
+	copy(toNameBytes[:], toName)
+
+	ifrr := ifreqRename{
+		Name: fromNameBytes,
+		Data: uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&toNameBytes)),
 	}
 
-	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
+	// Set the device name using SIOCSIFNAME ioctl
-		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
+	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_IOCTL, fd, syscall.SIOCSIFNAME, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifrr)))
-			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()},
+	if errno != 0 {
-			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As4()},
+		return fmt.Errorf("SIOCSIFNAME ioctl failed: %w", errno)
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: gateway,
-		}
-	} else {
-		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
-			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As16()},
-			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As16()},
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: gateway,
-		}
-	}
-
-	data, err := route.Marshal()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage: %w", err)
-	}
-	_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write route.RouteMessage to socket: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
-
-// getLinkAddr Gets the link address for the interface of the given name
-func getLinkAddr(name string) (*netroute.LinkAddr, error) {
-	rib, err := netroute.FetchRIB(unix.AF_UNSPEC, unix.NET_RT_IFLIST, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	msgs, err := netroute.ParseRIB(unix.NET_RT_IFLIST, rib)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	for _, m := range msgs {
-		switch m := m.(type) {
-		case *netroute.InterfaceMessage:
-			if m.Name == name {
-				sa, ok := m.Addrs[unix.RTAX_IFP].(*netroute.LinkAddr)
-				if ok {
-					return sa, nil
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil, nil
-}

overlay/tun_linux.go

@@ -1,175 +1,113 @@
-//go:build !android && !e2e_testing
+//go:build linux && !android && !e2e_testing
-// +build !android,!e2e_testing
+// +build linux,!android,!e2e_testing
 
 package overlay
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/vhostnet"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util/virtio"
 	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+	wgtun "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
 )
 
 type tun struct {
-	file        *os.File
+	deviceIndex               int
-	fd          int
+	ioctlFd                   uintptr
-	vdev        []*vhostnet.Device
+	txQueueLen                int
-	Device      string
-	vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix
-	MaxMTU      int
-	DefaultMTU  int
-	TXQueueLen  int
-	deviceIndex int
-	ioctlFd     uintptr
-
-	Routes                    atomic.Pointer[[]Route]
-	routeTree                 atomic.Pointer[bart.Table[routing.Gateways]]
-	routeChan                 chan struct{}
 	useSystemRoutes           bool
 	useSystemRoutesBufferSize int
-
-	isV6 bool
-	l    *logrus.Logger
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Networks() []netip.Prefix {
+func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, multiqueue bool) (*wgTun, error) {
-	return t.vpnNetworks
+	deviceName := c.GetString("tun.dev", "")
-}
+	mtu := c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU)
 
-type ifReq struct {
+	// Create WireGuard TUN device
-	Name  [16]byte
+	tunDevice, err := wgtun.CreateTUN(deviceName, mtu)
-	Flags uint16
-	pad   [8]byte
-}
-
-type ifreqMTU struct {
-	Name [16]byte
-	MTU  int32
-	pad  [8]byte
-}
-
-type ifreqQLEN struct {
-	Name  [16]byte
-	Value int32
-	pad   [8]byte
-}
-
-func newTunFromFd(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, deviceFd int, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix) (*tun, error) {
-	file := os.NewFile(uintptr(deviceFd), "/dev/net/tun")
-
-	t, err := newTunGeneric(c, l, file, vpnNetworks)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create TUN device: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	t.Device = "tun0"
+	// Get the actual device name
-
+	actualName, err := tunDevice.Name()
-	return t, nil
-}
-
-func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, multiqueue bool) (*tun, error) {
-	fd, err := unix.Open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR, 0)
 	if err != nil {
-		// If /dev/net/tun doesn't exist, try to create it (will happen in docker)
+		tunDevice.Close()
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get TUN device name: %w", err)
-			err = os.MkdirAll("/dev/net", 0755)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("/dev/net/tun doesn't exist, failed to mkdir -p /dev/net: %w", err)
-			}
-			err = unix.Mknod("/dev/net/tun", unix.S_IFCHR|0600, int(unix.Mkdev(10, 200)))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create /dev/net/tun: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			fd, err = unix.Open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR, 0)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("created /dev/net/tun, but still failed: %w", err)
-			}
-		} else {
-			return nil, err
-		}
 	}
 
-	var req ifReq
+	t := &wgTun{
-	req.Flags = uint16(unix.IFF_TUN | unix.IFF_NO_PI | unix.IFF_TUN_EXCL | unix.IFF_VNET_HDR | unix.IFF_NAPI)
+		tunDevice:   tunDevice,
-	if multiqueue {
+		vpnNetworks: vpnNetworks,
-		req.Flags |= unix.IFF_MULTI_QUEUE
+		MaxMTU:      mtu,
-	}
+		DefaultMTU:  mtu,
-	copy(req.Name[:], c.GetString("tun.dev", ""))
+		l:           l,
-	if err = ioctl(uintptr(fd), uintptr(unix.TUNSETIFF), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&req))); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	name := strings.Trim(string(req.Name[:]), "\x00")
-
-	if err = unix.SetNonblock(fd, true); err != nil {
-		_ = unix.Close(fd)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("make file descriptor non-blocking: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	file := os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), "/dev/net/tun")
+	// Create Linux-specific route manager
-
+	routeManager := &tun{
-	err = unix.IoctlSetPointerInt(fd, unix.TUNSETVNETHDRSZ, virtio.NetHdrSize)
+		txQueueLen:                c.GetInt("tun.tx_queue", 500),
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set vnethdr size: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	flags := 0
-	//flags = //unix.TUN_F_CSUM //| unix.TUN_F_TSO4 | unix.TUN_F_USO4 | unix.TUN_F_TSO6 | unix.TUN_F_USO6
-	err = unix.IoctlSetInt(fd, unix.TUNSETOFFLOAD, flags)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set offloads: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	t, err := newTunGeneric(c, l, file, vpnNetworks)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	t.fd = fd
-	t.Device = name
-
-	vdev, err := vhostnet.NewDevice(
-		vhostnet.WithBackendFD(fd),
-		vhostnet.WithQueueSize(8192), //todo config
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	t.vdev = []*vhostnet.Device{vdev}
-
-	return t, nil
-}
-
-func newTunGeneric(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, file *os.File, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix) (*tun, error) {
-	t := &tun{
-		file:                      file,
-		fd:                        int(file.Fd()),
-		vpnNetworks:               vpnNetworks,
-		TXQueueLen:                c.GetInt("tun.tx_queue", 500),
 		useSystemRoutes:           c.GetBool("tun.use_system_route_table", false),
 		useSystemRoutesBufferSize: c.GetInt("tun.use_system_route_table_buffer_size", 0),
-		l:                         l,
 	}
-	if len(vpnNetworks) != 0 {
+	t.routeManager = routeManager
-		t.isV6 = vpnNetworks[0].Addr().Is6() //todo what about multi-IP?
+
+	err = t.reload(c, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		tunDevice.Close()
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	err := t.reload(c, true)
+	c.RegisterReloadCallback(func(c *config.C) {
+		err := t.reload(c, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("failed to reload tun device", err, t.l)
+		}
+	})
+
+	l.WithField("name", actualName).Info("Created WireGuard TUN device")
+
+	return t, nil
+}
+
+func newTunFromFd(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, deviceFd int, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix) (*wgTun, error) {
+	// Create TUN device from file descriptor
+	file := os.NewFile(uintptr(deviceFd), "/dev/net/tun")
+	mtu := c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU)
+	tunDevice, err := wgtun.CreateTUNFromFile(file, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create TUN device from fd: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	t := &wgTun{
+		tunDevice:   tunDevice,
+		vpnNetworks: vpnNetworks,
+		MaxMTU:      mtu,
+		DefaultMTU:  mtu,
+		l:           l,
+	}
+
+	// Create Linux-specific route manager
+	routeManager := &tun{
+		txQueueLen:                c.GetInt("tun.tx_queue", 500),
+		useSystemRoutes:           c.GetBool("tun.use_system_route_table", false),
+		useSystemRoutesBufferSize: c.GetInt("tun.use_system_route_table_buffer_size", 0),
+	}
+	t.routeManager = routeManager
+
+	err = t.reload(c, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		tunDevice.Close()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -183,258 +121,105 @@ func newTunGeneric(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, file *os.File, vpnNetworks []n
 	return t, nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
+func (rm *tun) Activate(t *wgTun) error {
-	routeChange, routes, err := getAllRoutesFromConfig(c, t.vpnNetworks, initial)
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get device name: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if !initial && !routeChange && !c.HasChanged("tun.mtu") {
+	if t.routeManager.useSystemRoutes {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	routeTree, err := makeRouteTree(t.l, routes, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	oldDefaultMTU := t.DefaultMTU
-	oldMaxMTU := t.MaxMTU
-	newDefaultMTU := c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU)
-	newMaxMTU := newDefaultMTU
-	for i, r := range routes {
-		if r.MTU == 0 {
-			routes[i].MTU = newDefaultMTU
-		}
-
-		if r.MTU > t.MaxMTU {
-			newMaxMTU = r.MTU
-		}
-	}
-
-	t.MaxMTU = newMaxMTU
-	t.DefaultMTU = newDefaultMTU
-
-	// Teach nebula how to handle the routes before establishing them in the system table
-	oldRoutes := t.Routes.Swap(&routes)
-	t.routeTree.Store(routeTree)
-
-	if !initial {
-		if oldMaxMTU != newMaxMTU {
-			t.setMTU()
-			t.l.Infof("Set max MTU to %v was %v", t.MaxMTU, oldMaxMTU)
-		}
-
-		if oldDefaultMTU != newDefaultMTU {
-			for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
-				err := t.setDefaultRoute(t.vpnNetworks[i])
-				if err != nil {
-					t.l.Warn(err)
-				} else {
-					t.l.Infof("Set default MTU to %v was %v", t.DefaultMTU, oldDefaultMTU)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Remove first, if the system removes a wanted route hopefully it will be re-added next
-		t.removeRoutes(findRemovedRoutes(routes, *oldRoutes))
-
-		// Ensure any routes we actually want are installed
-		err = t.addRoutes(true)
-		if err != nil {
-			// This should never be called since addRoutes should log its own errors in a reload condition
-			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Failed to refresh routes", err, t.l)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) NewMultiQueueReader() (TunDev, error) {
-	fd, err := unix.Open("/dev/net/tun", os.O_RDWR, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var req ifReq
-	req.Flags = uint16(unix.IFF_TUN | unix.IFF_NO_PI | unix.IFF_MULTI_QUEUE)
-	copy(req.Name[:], t.Device)
-	if err = ioctl(uintptr(fd), uintptr(unix.TUNSETIFF), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&req))); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	vdev, err := vhostnet.NewDevice(
-		vhostnet.WithBackendFD(fd),
-		vhostnet.WithQueueSize(8192), //todo config
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	t.vdev = append(t.vdev, vdev)
-
-	return t, nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) RoutesFor(ip netip.Addr) routing.Gateways {
-	r, _ := t.routeTree.Load().Lookup(ip)
-	return r
-}
-
-func (t *tun) deviceBytes() (o [16]byte) {
-	for i, c := range t.Device {
-		o[i] = byte(c)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func hasNetlinkAddr(al []*netlink.Addr, x netlink.Addr) bool {
-	for i := range al {
-		if al[i].Equal(x) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// addIPs uses netlink to add all addresses that don't exist, then it removes ones that should not be there
-func (t *tun) addIPs(link netlink.Link) error {
-	newAddrs := make([]*netlink.Addr, len(t.vpnNetworks))
-	for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
-		newAddrs[i] = &netlink.Addr{
-			IPNet: &net.IPNet{
-				IP:   t.vpnNetworks[i].Addr().AsSlice(),
-				Mask: net.CIDRMask(t.vpnNetworks[i].Bits(), t.vpnNetworks[i].Addr().BitLen()),
-			},
-			Label: t.vpnNetworks[i].Addr().Zone(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	//add all new addresses
-	for i := range newAddrs {
-		//AddrReplace still adds new IPs, but if their properties change it will change them as well
-		if err := netlink.AddrReplace(link, newAddrs[i]); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	//iterate over remainder, remove whoever shouldn't be there
-	al, err := netlink.AddrList(link, netlink.FAMILY_ALL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get tun address list: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	for i := range al {
-		if hasNetlinkAddr(newAddrs, al[i]) {
-			continue
-		}
-		err = netlink.AddrDel(link, &al[i])
-		if err != nil {
-			t.l.WithError(err).Error("failed to remove address from tun address list")
-		} else {
-			t.l.WithField("removed", al[i].String()).Info("removed address not listed in cert(s)")
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Activate() error {
-	devName := t.deviceBytes()
-
-	if t.useSystemRoutes {
 		t.watchRoutes()
 	}
 
+	// Get the netlink device
+	link, err := netlink.LinkByName(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get tun device link: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	rm.deviceIndex = link.Attrs().Index
+
+	// Open socket for ioctl operations
 	s, err := unix.Socket(
-		unix.AF_INET, //because everything we use t.ioctlFd for is address family independent, this is fine
+		unix.AF_INET,
 		unix.SOCK_DGRAM,
 		unix.IPPROTO_IP,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	t.ioctlFd = uintptr(s)
+	rm.ioctlFd = uintptr(s)
 
-	// Set the device name
+	rm.SetMTU(t, t.MaxMTU)
-	ifrf := ifReq{Name: devName}
-	if err = ioctl(t.ioctlFd, unix.SIOCGIFFLAGS, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifrf))); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun device name: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	link, err := netlink.LinkByName(t.Device)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get tun device link: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	t.deviceIndex = link.Attrs().Index
-
-	// Setup our default MTU
-	t.setMTU()
 
 	// Set the transmit queue length
-	ifrq := ifreqQLEN{Name: devName, Value: int32(t.TXQueueLen)}
+	devName := deviceBytes(name)
-	if err = ioctl(t.ioctlFd, unix.SIOCSIFTXQLEN, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifrq))); err != nil {
+	ifrq := ifreqQLEN{Name: devName, Value: int32(rm.txQueueLen)}
+	if err = ioctl(t.routeManager.ioctlFd, unix.SIOCSIFTXQLEN, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifrq))); err != nil {
 		// If we can't set the queue length nebula will still work but it may lead to packet loss
 		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to set tun tx queue length")
 	}
 
+	// Disable IPv6 link-local address generation
 	const modeNone = 1
 	if err = netlink.LinkSetIP6AddrGenMode(link, modeNone); err != nil {
 		t.l.WithError(err).Warn("Failed to disable link local address generation")
 	}
 
-	if err = t.addIPs(link); err != nil {
+	// Add IP addresses
+	if err = t.routeManager.addIPs(t, link); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	// Bring up the interface
-	ifrf.Flags = ifrf.Flags | unix.IFF_UP
+	if err = netlink.LinkSetUp(link); err != nil {
-	if err = ioctl(t.ioctlFd, unix.SIOCSIFFLAGS, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifrf))); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bring the tun device up: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	//set route MTU
+	// Set route MTU
 	for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
-		if err = t.setDefaultRoute(t.vpnNetworks[i]); err != nil {
+		if err = t.routeManager.SetDefaultRoute(t, t.vpnNetworks[i]); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set default route MTU: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// Set the routes
-	if err = t.addRoutes(false); err != nil {
+	if err = t.routeManager.AddRoutes(t, false); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Run the interface
-	ifrf.Flags = ifrf.Flags | unix.IFF_UP | unix.IFF_RUNNING
-	if err = ioctl(t.ioctlFd, unix.SIOCSIFFLAGS, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifrf))); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to run tun device: %s", err)
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) setMTU() {
+func (rm *tun) SetMTU(t *wgTun, mtu int) {
-	// Set the MTU on the device
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
-	ifm := ifreqMTU{Name: t.deviceBytes(), MTU: int32(t.MaxMTU)}
+	if err != nil {
-	if err := ioctl(t.ioctlFd, unix.SIOCSIFMTU, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ifm))); err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to get device name for MTU set")
-		// This is currently a non fatal condition because the route table must have the MTU set appropriately as well
+		return
+	}
+
+	link, err := netlink.LinkByName(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to get link for MTU set")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := netlink.LinkSetMTU(link, mtu); err != nil {
 		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to set tun mtu")
 	}
 }
 
-func (t *tun) setDefaultRoute(cidr netip.Prefix) error {
+func (rm *tun) SetDefaultRoute(t *wgTun, cidr netip.Prefix) error {
 	dr := &net.IPNet{
 		IP:   cidr.Masked().Addr().AsSlice(),
 		Mask: net.CIDRMask(cidr.Bits(), cidr.Addr().BitLen()),
 	}
 
 	nr := netlink.Route{
-		LinkIndex: t.deviceIndex,
+		LinkIndex: t.routeManager.deviceIndex,
 		Dst:       dr,
 		MTU:       t.DefaultMTU,
-		AdvMSS:    t.advMSS(Route{}),
+		AdvMSS:    advMSS(Route{}, t.DefaultMTU, t.MaxMTU),
 		Scope:     unix.RT_SCOPE_LINK,
 		Src:       net.IP(cidr.Addr().AsSlice()),
 		Protocol:  unix.RTPROT_KERNEL,
@@ -444,7 +229,7 @@ func (t *tun) setDefaultRoute(cidr netip.Prefix) error {
 	err := netlink.RouteReplace(&nr)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.l.WithError(err).WithField("cidr", cidr).Warn("Failed to set default route MTU, retrying")
-		//retry twice more -- on some systems there appears to be a race condition where if we set routes too soon, netlink says `invalid argument`
+		// Retry twice more
 		for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
 			time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
 			err = netlink.RouteReplace(&nr)
@@ -462,8 +247,7 @@ func (t *tun) setDefaultRoute(cidr netip.Prefix) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
+func (rm *tun) AddRoutes(t *wgTun, logErrors bool) error {
-	// Path routes
 	routes := *t.Routes.Load()
 	for _, r := range routes {
 		if !r.Install {
@@ -476,10 +260,10 @@ func (t *tun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
 		}
 
 		nr := netlink.Route{
-			LinkIndex: t.deviceIndex,
+			LinkIndex: t.routeManager.deviceIndex,
 			Dst:       dr,
 			MTU:       r.MTU,
-			AdvMSS:    t.advMSS(r),
+			AdvMSS:    advMSS(r, t.DefaultMTU, t.MaxMTU),
 			Scope:     unix.RT_SCOPE_LINK,
 		}
 
@@ -503,7 +287,7 @@ func (t *tun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) removeRoutes(routes []Route) {
+func (rm *tun) RemoveRoutes(t *wgTun, routes []Route) {
 	for _, r := range routes {
 		if !r.Install {
 			continue
@@ -515,10 +299,10 @@ func (t *tun) removeRoutes(routes []Route) {
 		}
 
 		nr := netlink.Route{
-			LinkIndex: t.deviceIndex,
+			LinkIndex: t.routeManager.deviceIndex,
 			Dst:       dr,
 			MTU:       r.MTU,
-			AdvMSS:    t.advMSS(r),
+			AdvMSS:    advMSS(r, t.DefaultMTU, t.MaxMTU),
 			Scope:     unix.RT_SCOPE_LINK,
 		}
 
@@ -535,30 +319,105 @@ func (t *tun) removeRoutes(routes []Route) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Name() string {
+func (rm *tun) NewMultiQueueReader(t *wgTun) (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
-	return t.Device
+	// For Linux with WireGuard TUN, we can reuse the same device
+	// The vectorized I/O will handle batching
+	return &wgTunReader{
+		parent:    t,
+		tunDevice: t.tunDevice,
+		offset:    0,
+		l:         t.l,
+	}, nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) advMSS(r Route) int {
+func deviceBytes(name string) [16]byte {
+	var o [16]byte
+	for i, c := range name {
+		if i >= 16 {
+			break
+		}
+		o[i] = byte(c)
+	}
+	return o
+}
+
+func advMSS(r Route, defaultMTU, maxMTU int) int {
 	mtu := r.MTU
 	if r.MTU == 0 {
-		mtu = t.DefaultMTU
+		mtu = defaultMTU
 	}
 
 	// We only need to set advmss if the route MTU does not match the device MTU
-	if mtu != t.MaxMTU {
+	if mtu != maxMTU {
 		return mtu - 40
 	}
 	return 0
 }
 
-func (t *tun) watchRoutes() {
+type ifreqQLEN struct {
+	Name  [16]byte
+	Value int32
+	pad   [8]byte
+}
+
+func hasNetlinkAddr(al []*netlink.Addr, x netlink.Addr) bool {
+	for i := range al {
+		if al[i].Equal(x) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) addIPs(t *wgTun, link netlink.Link) error {
+	newAddrs := make([]*netlink.Addr, len(t.vpnNetworks))
+	for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
+		newAddrs[i] = &netlink.Addr{
+			IPNet: &net.IPNet{
+				IP:   t.vpnNetworks[i].Addr().AsSlice(),
+				Mask: net.CIDRMask(t.vpnNetworks[i].Bits(), t.vpnNetworks[i].Addr().BitLen()),
+			},
+			Label: t.vpnNetworks[i].Addr().Zone(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Add all new addresses
+	for i := range newAddrs {
+		if err := netlink.AddrReplace(link, newAddrs[i]); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Iterate over remainder, remove whoever shouldn't be there
+	al, err := netlink.AddrList(link, netlink.FAMILY_ALL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get tun address list: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	for i := range al {
+		if hasNetlinkAddr(newAddrs, al[i]) {
+			continue
+		}
+		err = netlink.AddrDel(link, &al[i])
+		if err != nil {
+			t.l.WithError(err).Error("failed to remove address from tun address list")
+		} else {
+			t.l.WithField("removed", al[i].String()).Info("removed address not listed in cert(s)")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// watchRoutes monitors system route changes
+func (t *wgTun) watchRoutes() {
+
 	rch := make(chan netlink.RouteUpdate)
 	doneChan := make(chan struct{})
 
 	netlinkOptions := netlink.RouteSubscribeOptions{
-		ReceiveBufferSize:      t.useSystemRoutesBufferSize,
+		ReceiveBufferSize:      t.routeManager.useSystemRoutesBufferSize,
-		ReceiveBufferForceSize: t.useSystemRoutesBufferSize != 0,
+		ReceiveBufferForceSize: t.routeManager.useSystemRoutesBufferSize != 0,
 		ErrorCallback:          func(e error) { t.l.WithError(e).Errorf("netlink error") },
 	}
 
@@ -576,87 +435,19 @@ func (t *tun) watchRoutes() {
 				if ok {
 					t.updateRoutes(r)
 				} else {
-					// may be should do something here as
-					// netlink stops sending updates
 					return
 				}
 			case <-doneChan:
-				// netlink.RouteSubscriber will close the rch for us
 				return
 			}
 		}
 	}()
 }
 
-func (t *tun) isGatewayInVpnNetworks(gwAddr netip.Addr) bool {
+func (t *wgTun) updateRoutes(r netlink.RouteUpdate) {
-	withinNetworks := false
+	gateways := t.getGatewaysFromRoute(&r.Route, t.routeManager.deviceIndex)
-	for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
-		if t.vpnNetworks[i].Contains(gwAddr) {
-			withinNetworks = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	return withinNetworks
-}
-
-func (t *tun) getGatewaysFromRoute(r *netlink.Route) routing.Gateways {
-
-	var gateways routing.Gateways
-
-	link, err := netlink.LinkByName(t.Device)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.l.WithField("Devicename", t.Device).Error("Ignoring route update: failed to get link by name")
-		return gateways
-	}
-
-	// If this route is relevant to our interface and there is a gateway then add it
-	if r.LinkIndex == link.Attrs().Index && len(r.Gw) > 0 {
-		gwAddr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(r.Gw)
-		if !ok {
-			t.l.WithField("route", r).Debug("Ignoring route update, invalid gateway address")
-		} else {
-			gwAddr = gwAddr.Unmap()
-
-			if !t.isGatewayInVpnNetworks(gwAddr) {
-				// Gateway isn't in our overlay network, ignore
-				t.l.WithField("route", r).Debug("Ignoring route update, not in our network")
-			} else {
-				gateways = append(gateways, routing.NewGateway(gwAddr, 1))
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, p := range r.MultiPath {
-		// If this route is relevant to our interface and there is a gateway then add it
-		if p.LinkIndex == link.Attrs().Index && len(p.Gw) > 0 {
-			gwAddr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(p.Gw)
-			if !ok {
-				t.l.WithField("route", r).Debug("Ignoring multipath route update, invalid gateway address")
-			} else {
-				gwAddr = gwAddr.Unmap()
-
-				if !t.isGatewayInVpnNetworks(gwAddr) {
-					// Gateway isn't in our overlay network, ignore
-					t.l.WithField("route", r).Debug("Ignoring route update, not in our network")
-				} else {
-					// p.Hops+1 = weight of the route
-					gateways = append(gateways, routing.NewGateway(gwAddr, p.Hops+1))
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	routing.CalculateBucketsForGateways(gateways)
-	return gateways
-}
-
-func (t *tun) updateRoutes(r netlink.RouteUpdate) {
-
-	gateways := t.getGatewaysFromRoute(&r.Route)
 
 	if len(gateways) == 0 {
-		// No gateways relevant to our network, no routing changes required.
 		t.l.WithField("route", r).Debug("Ignoring route update, no gateways")
 		return
 	}
@@ -680,7 +471,6 @@ func (t *tun) updateRoutes(r netlink.RouteUpdate) {
 	if r.Type == unix.RTM_NEWROUTE {
 		t.l.WithField("destination", dst).WithField("via", gateways).Info("Adding route")
 		newTree.Insert(dst, gateways)
-
 	} else {
 		t.l.WithField("destination", dst).WithField("via", gateways).Info("Removing route")
 		newTree.Delete(dst)
@@ -688,86 +478,71 @@ func (t *tun) updateRoutes(r netlink.RouteUpdate) {
 	t.routeTree.Store(newTree)
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Close() error {
+func (t *wgTun) getGatewaysFromRoute(r *netlink.Route, deviceIndex int) routing.Gateways {
-	if t.routeChan != nil {
+	var gateways routing.Gateways
-		close(t.routeChan)
+
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.l.Error("Ignoring route update: failed to get device name")
+		return gateways
 	}
 
-	for _, v := range t.vdev {
+	link, err := netlink.LinkByName(name)
-		if v != nil {
+	if err != nil {
-			_ = v.Close()
+		t.l.WithField("DeviceName", name).Error("Ignoring route update: failed to get link by name")
+		return gateways
+	}
+
+	// If this route is relevant to our interface and there is a gateway then add it
+	if r.LinkIndex == link.Attrs().Index && len(r.Gw) > 0 {
+		gwAddr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(r.Gw)
+		if !ok {
+			t.l.WithField("route", r).Debug("Ignoring route update, invalid gateway address")
+		} else {
+			gwAddr = gwAddr.Unmap()
+
+			if !t.isGatewayInVpnNetworks(gwAddr) {
+				t.l.WithField("route", r).Debug("Ignoring route update, not in our network")
+			} else {
+				gateways = append(gateways, routing.NewGateway(gwAddr, 1))
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	if t.file != nil {
+	for _, p := range r.MultiPath {
-		_ = t.file.Close()
+		if p.LinkIndex == link.Attrs().Index && len(p.Gw) > 0 {
+			gwAddr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(p.Gw)
+			if !ok {
+				t.l.WithField("route", r).Debug("Ignoring multipath route update, invalid gateway address")
+			} else {
+				gwAddr = gwAddr.Unmap()
+
+				if !t.isGatewayInVpnNetworks(gwAddr) {
+					t.l.WithField("route", r).Debug("Ignoring route update, not in our network")
+				} else {
+					gateways = append(gateways, routing.NewGateway(gwAddr, p.Hops+1))
+				}
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
-	if t.ioctlFd > 0 {
+	routing.CalculateBucketsForGateways(gateways)
-		_ = os.NewFile(t.ioctlFd, "ioctlFd").Close()
+	return gateways
-	}
+}
 
+func (t *wgTun) isGatewayInVpnNetworks(gwAddr netip.Addr) bool {
+	for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
+		if t.vpnNetworks[i].Contains(gwAddr) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func ioctl(a1, a2, a3 uintptr) error {
+	_, _, errno := unix.Syscall(unix.SYS_IOCTL, a1, a2, a3)
+	if errno != 0 {
+		return errno
+	}
 	return nil
 }
-
-func (t *tun) ReadMany(p []*packet.VirtIOPacket, q int) (int, error) {
-	n, err := t.vdev[q].ReceivePackets(p) //we are TXing
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return n, nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	maximum := len(b) //we are RXing
-
-	//todo garbagey
-	out := packet.NewOut()
-	x, err := t.AllocSeg(out, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	copy(out.SegmentPayloads[x], b)
-	err = t.vdev[0].TransmitPacket(out, true)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Transmitting packet")
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return maximum, nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) AllocSeg(pkt *packet.OutPacket, q int) (int, error) {
-	idx, buf, err := t.vdev[q].GetPacketForTx()
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	x := pkt.UseSegment(idx, buf, t.isV6)
-	return x, nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) WriteOne(x *packet.OutPacket, kick bool, q int) (int, error) {
-	if err := t.vdev[q].TransmitPacket(x, kick); err != nil {
-		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Transmitting packet")
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return 1, nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) WriteMany(x []*packet.OutPacket, q int) (int, error) {
-	maximum := len(x) //we are RXing
-	if maximum == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-
-	err := t.vdev[q].TransmitPackets(x)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Transmitting packet")
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return maximum, nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) RecycleRxSeg(pkt *packet.VirtIOPacket, kick bool, q int) error {
-	return t.vdev[q].ReceiveQueue.OfferDescriptorChains(pkt.Chains, kick)
-}

overlay/tun_linux_test.go

@@ -6,26 +6,27 @@ package overlay
 import "testing"
 
 var runAdvMSSTests = []struct {
-	name     string
+	name       string
-	tun      *tun
+	defaultMTU int
-	r        Route
+	maxMTU     int
-	expected int
+	r          Route
+	expected   int
 }{
 	// Standard case, default MTU is the device max MTU
-	{"default", &tun{DefaultMTU: 1440, MaxMTU: 1440}, Route{}, 0},
+	{"default", 1440, 1440, Route{}, 0},
-	{"default-min", &tun{DefaultMTU: 1440, MaxMTU: 1440}, Route{MTU: 1440}, 0},
+	{"default-min", 1440, 1440, Route{MTU: 1440}, 0},
-	{"default-low", &tun{DefaultMTU: 1440, MaxMTU: 1440}, Route{MTU: 1200}, 1160},
+	{"default-low", 1440, 1440, Route{MTU: 1200}, 1160},
 
 	// Case where we have a route MTU set higher than the default
-	{"route", &tun{DefaultMTU: 1440, MaxMTU: 8941}, Route{}, 1400},
+	{"route", 1440, 8941, Route{}, 1400},
-	{"route-min", &tun{DefaultMTU: 1440, MaxMTU: 8941}, Route{MTU: 1440}, 1400},
+	{"route-min", 1440, 8941, Route{MTU: 1440}, 1400},
-	{"route-high", &tun{DefaultMTU: 1440, MaxMTU: 8941}, Route{MTU: 8941}, 0},
+	{"route-high", 1440, 8941, Route{MTU: 8941}, 0},
 }
 
 func TestTunAdvMSS(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range runAdvMSSTests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			o := tt.tun.advMSS(tt.r)
+			o := advMSS(tt.r, tt.defaultMTU, tt.maxMTU)
 			if o != tt.expected {
 				t.Errorf("got %d, want %d", o, tt.expected)
 			}

overlay/tun_netbsd.go

@@ -547,3 +547,41 @@ func delRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateways []netip.Prefix) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func ioctl(a1, a2, a3 uintptr) error {
+	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_IOCTL, a1, a2, a3)
+	if errno != 0 {
+		return errno
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func prefixToMask(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
+	bits := prefix.Bits()
+	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
+		mask := ^uint32(0) << (32 - bits)
+		return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{
+			byte(mask >> 24),
+			byte(mask >> 16),
+			byte(mask >> 8),
+			byte(mask),
+		})
+	}
+	var mask [16]byte
+	for i := 0; i < bits/8; i++ {
+		mask[i] = 0xff
+	}
+	if bits%8 != 0 {
+		mask[bits/8] = ^byte(0) << (8 - bits%8)
+	}
+	return netip.AddrFrom16(mask)
+}
+
+func selectGateway(prefix netip.Prefix, gateways []netip.Prefix) (netip.Prefix, error) {
+	for _, gw := range gateways {
+		if prefix.Addr().Is4() == gw.Addr().Is4() {
+			return gw, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("no suitable gateway found for prefix %v", prefix)
+}

overlay/tun_notwin.go

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !windows
-// +build !windows
-
-package overlay
-
-import "syscall"
-
-func ioctl(a1, a2, a3 uintptr) error {
-	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_IOCTL, a1, a2, a3)
-	if errno != 0 {
-		return errno
-	}
-	return nil
-}

overlay/tun_openbsd.go

@@ -1,104 +1,59 @@
-//go:build !e2e_testing
+//go:build openbsd && !e2e_testing
-// +build !e2e_testing
+// +build openbsd,!e2e_testing
 
 package overlay
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/netip"
-	"os"
+	"os/exec"
-	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
-	"sync/atomic"
+	"strings"
-	"syscall"
-	"unsafe"
 
-	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util"
-	netroute "golang.org/x/net/route"
+	wgtun "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
-const (
+type tun struct{}
-	SIOCAIFADDR_IN6 = 0x8080691a
-)
 
-type ifreqAlias4 struct {
+func newTunFromFd(_ *config.C, _ *logrus.Logger, _ int, _ []netip.Prefix) (*wgTun, error) {
-	Name     [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("newTunFromFd not supported on OpenBSD")
-	Addr     unix.RawSockaddrInet4
-	DstAddr  unix.RawSockaddrInet4
-	MaskAddr unix.RawSockaddrInet4
 }
 
-type ifreqAlias6 struct {
+func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (*wgTun, error) {
-	Name       [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	deviceName := c.GetString("tun.dev", "tun")
-	Addr       unix.RawSockaddrInet6
+	mtu := c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU)
-	DstAddr    unix.RawSockaddrInet6
-	PrefixMask unix.RawSockaddrInet6
-	Flags      uint32
-	Lifetime   [2]uint32
-}
 
-type ifreq struct {
+	// Create WireGuard TUN device
-	Name [unix.IFNAMSIZ]byte
+	tunDevice, err := wgtun.CreateTUN(deviceName, mtu)
-	data int
-}
-
-type tun struct {
-	Device      string
-	vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix
-	MTU         int
-	Routes      atomic.Pointer[[]Route]
-	routeTree   atomic.Pointer[bart.Table[routing.Gateways]]
-	l           *logrus.Logger
-	f           *os.File
-	fd          int
-	// cache out buffer since we need to prepend 4 bytes for tun metadata
-	out []byte
-}
-
-var deviceNameRE = regexp.MustCompile(`^tun[0-9]+$`)
-
-func newTunFromFd(_ *config.C, _ *logrus.Logger, _ int, _ []netip.Prefix) (*tun, error) {
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("newTunFromFd not supported in openbsd")
-}
-
-func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (*tun, error) {
-	// Try to open tun device
-	var err error
-	deviceName := c.GetString("tun.dev", "")
-	if deviceName == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("a device name in the format of /dev/tunN must be specified")
-	}
-	if !deviceNameRE.MatchString(deviceName) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("a device name in the format of /dev/tunN must be specified")
-	}
-
-	fd, err := unix.Open("/dev/"+deviceName, os.O_RDWR, 0)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create TUN device: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = unix.SetNonblock(fd, true)
+	// Get the actual device name
+	actualName, err := tunDevice.Name()
 	if err != nil {
-		l.WithError(err).Warn("Failed to set the tun device as nonblocking")
+		tunDevice.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get TUN device name: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	t := &tun{
+	t := &wgTun{
-		f:           os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), ""),
+		tunDevice:   tunDevice,
-		fd:          fd,
-		Device:      deviceName,
 		vpnNetworks: vpnNetworks,
-		MTU:         c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU),
+		MaxMTU:      mtu,
+		DefaultMTU:  mtu,
 		l:           l,
 	}
 
+	// Create OpenBSD-specific route manager
+	t.routeManager = &tun{}
+
 	err = t.reload(c, true)
 	if err != nil {
+		tunDevice.Close()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
@@ -109,221 +64,86 @@ func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (
 		}
 	})
 
+	l.WithField("name", actualName).Info("Created WireGuard TUN device")
+
 	return t, nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Close() error {
+func (rm *tun) Activate(t *wgTun) error {
-	if t.f != nil {
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
-		if err := t.f.Close(); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error closing tun file: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		// t.f.Close should have handled it for us but let's be extra sure
-		_ = unix.Close(t.fd)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Read(to []byte) (int, error) {
-	buf := make([]byte, len(to)+4)
-
-	n, err := t.f.Read(buf)
-
-	copy(to, buf[4:])
-	return n - 4, err
-}
-
-// Write is only valid for single threaded use
-func (t *tun) Write(from []byte) (int, error) {
-	buf := t.out
-	if cap(buf) < len(from)+4 {
-		buf = make([]byte, len(from)+4)
-		t.out = buf
-	}
-	buf = buf[:len(from)+4]
-
-	if len(from) == 0 {
-		return 0, syscall.EIO
-	}
-
-	// Determine the IP Family for the NULL L2 Header
-	ipVer := from[0] >> 4
-	if ipVer == 4 {
-		buf[3] = syscall.AF_INET
-	} else if ipVer == 6 {
-		buf[3] = syscall.AF_INET6
-	} else {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unable to determine IP version from packet")
-	}
-
-	copy(buf[4:], from)
-
-	n, err := t.f.Write(buf)
-	return n - 4, err
-}
-
-func (t *tun) addIp(cidr netip.Prefix) error {
-	if cidr.Addr().Is4() {
-		var req ifreqAlias4
-		req.Name = t.deviceBytes()
-		req.Addr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
-			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
-			Family: unix.AF_INET,
-			Addr:   cidr.Addr().As4(),
-		}
-		req.DstAddr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
-			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
-			Family: unix.AF_INET,
-			Addr:   cidr.Addr().As4(),
-		}
-		req.MaskAddr = unix.RawSockaddrInet4{
-			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4,
-			Family: unix.AF_INET,
-			Addr:   prefixToMask(cidr).As4(),
-		}
-
-		s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer syscall.Close(s)
-
-		if err := ioctl(uintptr(s), unix.SIOCAIFADDR, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&req))); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun address %s: %s", cidr.Addr(), err)
-		}
-
-		err = addRoute(cidr, t.vpnNetworks)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set route for vpn network %v: %w", cidr, err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if cidr.Addr().Is6() {
-		var req ifreqAlias6
-		req.Name = t.deviceBytes()
-		req.Addr = unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
-			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
-			Family: unix.AF_INET6,
-			Addr:   cidr.Addr().As16(),
-		}
-		req.PrefixMask = unix.RawSockaddrInet6{
-			Len:    unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6,
-			Family: unix.AF_INET6,
-			Addr:   prefixToMask(cidr).As16(),
-		}
-		req.Lifetime[0] = 0xffffffff
-		req.Lifetime[1] = 0xffffffff
-
-		s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET6, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer syscall.Close(s)
-
-		if err := ioctl(uintptr(s), SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&req))); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun address %s: %s", cidr.Addr().String(), err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Errorf("unknown address type %v", cidr)
-}
-
-func (t *tun) Activate() error {
-	err := t.doIoctlByName(unix.SIOCSIFMTU, uint32(t.MTU))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set tun mtu: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get device name: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
+	// Set the MTU
-		err = t.addIp(t.vpnNetworks[i])
+	rm.SetMTU(t, t.MaxMTU)
-		if err != nil {
+
+	// Add IP addresses
+	for _, network := range t.vpnNetworks {
+		if err := rm.addIP(t, name, network); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 
-	return t.addRoutes(false)
+	// Bring up the interface
-}
+	if err := runCommandBSD("ifconfig", name, "up"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bring up interface: %w", err)
+	}
 
-func (t *tun) doIoctlByName(ctl uintptr, value uint32) error {
+	// Set the routes
-	s, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM, unix.IPPROTO_IP)
+	if err := rm.AddRoutes(t, false); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer syscall.Close(s)
-
-	ir := ifreq{Name: t.deviceBytes(), data: int(value)}
-	err = ioctl(uintptr(s), ctl, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&ir)))
-	return err
-}
-
-func (t *tun) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
-	change, routes, err := getAllRoutesFromConfig(c, t.vpnNetworks, initial)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if !initial && !change {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	routeTree, err := makeRouteTree(t.l, routes, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Teach nebula how to handle the routes before establishing them in the system table
-	oldRoutes := t.Routes.Swap(&routes)
-	t.routeTree.Store(routeTree)
-
-	if !initial {
-		// Remove first, if the system removes a wanted route hopefully it will be re-added next
-		err := t.removeRoutes(findRemovedRoutes(routes, *oldRoutes))
-		if err != nil {
-			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Failed to remove routes", err, t.l)
-		}
-
-		// Ensure any routes we actually want are installed
-		err = t.addRoutes(true)
-		if err != nil {
-			// Catch any stray logs
-			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Failed to add routes", err, t.l)
-		}
-	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) RoutesFor(ip netip.Addr) routing.Gateways {
+func (rm *tun) SetMTU(t *wgTun, mtu int) {
-	r, _ := t.routeTree.Load().Lookup(ip)
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
-	return r
+	if err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to get device name for MTU set")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := runCommandBSD("ifconfig", name, "mtu", strconv.Itoa(mtu)); err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to set tun mtu")
+	}
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Networks() []netip.Prefix {
+func (rm *tun) SetDefaultRoute(t *wgTun, cidr netip.Prefix) error {
-	return t.vpnNetworks
+	// On OpenBSD, routes are set via ifconfig and route commands
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) Name() string {
+func (rm *tun) AddRoutes(t *wgTun, logErrors bool) error {
-	return t.Device
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
-}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get device name: %w", err)
+	}
 
-func (t *tun) NewMultiQueueReader() (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("TODO: multiqueue not implemented for openbsd")
-}
-
-func (t *tun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
 	routes := *t.Routes.Load()
-
 	for _, r := range routes {
-		if len(r.Via) == 0 || !r.Install {
+		if !r.Install {
-			// We don't allow route MTUs so only install routes with a via
 			continue
 		}
 
-		err := addRoute(r.Cidr, t.vpnNetworks)
+		// Add route using route command
+		args := []string{"add"}
+
+		if r.Cidr.Addr().Is6() {
+			args = append(args, "-inet6")
+		} else {
+			args = append(args, "-inet")
+		}
+
+		args = append(args, r.Cidr.String(), "-interface", name)
+
+		if r.Metric > 0 {
+			// OpenBSD doesn't support route metrics directly like Linux
+			t.l.WithField("route", r).Warn("Route metrics are not fully supported on OpenBSD")
+		}
+
+		err := runCommandBSD("route", args...)
 		if err != nil {
 			retErr := util.NewContextualError("Failed to add route", map[string]any{"route": r}, err)
 			if logErrors {
@@ -339,131 +159,71 @@ func (t *tun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) removeRoutes(routes []Route) error {
+func (rm *tun) RemoveRoutes(t *wgTun, routes []Route) {
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to get device name for route removal")
+		return
+	}
+
 	for _, r := range routes {
 		if !r.Install {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		err := delRoute(r.Cidr, t.vpnNetworks)
+		args := []string{"delete"}
+
+		if r.Cidr.Addr().Is6() {
+			args = append(args, "-inet6")
+		} else {
+			args = append(args, "-inet")
+		}
+
+		args = append(args, r.Cidr.String(), "-interface", name)
+
+		err := runCommandBSD("route", args...)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.l.WithError(err).WithField("route", r).Error("Failed to remove route")
 		} else {
 			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Removed route")
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *tun) deviceBytes() (o [16]byte) {
+func (rm *tun) NewMultiQueueReader(t *wgTun) (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
-	for i, c := range t.Device {
+	// OpenBSD doesn't support multi-queue TUN devices in the same way as Linux
-		o[i] = byte(c)
+	// Return a reader that wraps the same device
-	}
+	return &wgTunReader{
-	return
+		parent:    t,
+		tunDevice: t.tunDevice,
+		offset:    0,
+		l:         t.l,
+	}, nil
 }
 
-func addRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateways []netip.Prefix) error {
+func (rm *tun) addIP(t *wgTun, name string, network netip.Prefix) error {
-	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.AF_UNSPEC)
+	addr := network.Addr()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create AF_ROUTE socket: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer unix.Close(sock)
 
-	route := &netroute.RouteMessage{
+	if addr.Is4() {
-		Version: unix.RTM_VERSION,
+		// For IPv4: ifconfig tun0 10.0.0.1/24
-		Type:    unix.RTM_ADD,
+		if err := runCommandBSD("ifconfig", name, network.String()); err != nil {
-		Flags:   unix.RTF_UP | unix.RTF_GATEWAY,
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to add IPv4 address: %w", err)
-		Seq:     1,
-	}
-
-	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
-			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()},
-			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As4()},
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As4()},
 		}
 	} else {
-		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
+		// For IPv6: ifconfig tun0 inet6 add 2001:db8::1/64
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := runCommandBSD("ifconfig", name, "inet6", "add", network.String()); err != nil {
-			return err
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to add IPv6 address: %w", err)
 		}
-		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
-			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As16()},
-			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As16()},
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As16()},
-		}
-	}
-
-	data, err := route.Marshal()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, unix.EEXIST) {
-			// Try to do a change
-			route.Type = unix.RTM_CHANGE
-			data, err = route.Marshal()
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage for change: %w", err)
-			}
-			_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
-			return err
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write route.RouteMessage to socket: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func delRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, gateways []netip.Prefix) error {
+func runCommandBSD(name string, args ...string) error {
-	sock, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.AF_UNSPEC)
+	cmd := exec.Command(name, args...)
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create AF_ROUTE socket: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s %s failed: %w\nOutput: %s", name, strings.Join(args, " "), err, string(output))
 	}
-	defer unix.Close(sock)
-
-	route := netroute.RouteMessage{
-		Version: unix.RTM_VERSION,
-		Type:    unix.RTM_DELETE,
-		Seq:     1,
-	}
-
-	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
-			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()},
-			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As4()},
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet4Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As4()},
-		}
-	} else {
-		gw, err := selectGateway(prefix, gateways)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		route.Addrs = []netroute.Addr{
-			unix.RTAX_DST:     &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefix.Masked().Addr().As16()},
-			unix.RTAX_NETMASK: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: prefixToMask(prefix).As16()},
-			unix.RTAX_GATEWAY: &netroute.Inet6Addr{IP: gw.Addr().As16()},
-		}
-	}
-
-	data, err := route.Marshal()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create route.RouteMessage: %w", err)
-	}
-	_, err = unix.Write(sock, data[:])
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write route.RouteMessage to socket: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }

overlay/tun_wg.go

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+//go:build !android && !netbsd && !e2e_testing
+// +build !android,!netbsd,!e2e_testing
+
+package overlay
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
+	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
+	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util"
+	wgtun "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
+)
+
+// wgTun wraps a WireGuard TUN device and implements the overlay.Device interface
+type wgTun struct {
+	tunDevice   wgtun.Device
+	vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix
+	MaxMTU      int
+	DefaultMTU  int
+
+	Routes    atomic.Pointer[[]Route]
+	routeTree atomic.Pointer[bart.Table[routing.Gateways]]
+	routeChan chan struct{}
+
+	// Platform-specific route management
+	routeManager *tun
+
+	l *logrus.Logger
+}
+
+// BatchReader interface for readers that support vectorized I/O
+type BatchReader interface {
+	BatchRead(buffers [][]byte, sizes []int) (int, error)
+}
+
+// BatchWriter interface for writers that support vectorized I/O
+type BatchWriter interface {
+	BatchWrite(packets [][]byte) (int, error)
+}
+
+// wgTunReader wraps a single TUN queue for multi-queue support
+type wgTunReader struct {
+	parent    *wgTun
+	tunDevice wgtun.Device
+	offset    int
+	l         *logrus.Logger
+}
+
+func (t *wgTun) Networks() []netip.Prefix {
+	return t.vpnNetworks
+}
+
+func (t *wgTun) Name() string {
+	name, err := t.tunDevice.Name()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to get TUN device name")
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+	return name
+}
+
+func (t *wgTun) RoutesFor(ip netip.Addr) routing.Gateways {
+	r, _ := t.routeTree.Load().Lookup(ip)
+	return r
+}
+
+func (t *wgTun) Activate() error {
+	if t.routeManager == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("route manager not initialized")
+	}
+	return t.routeManager.Activate(t)
+}
+
+// Read implements single-packet read for backward compatibility
+func (t *wgTun) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	bufs := [][]byte{b}
+	sizes := []int{0}
+	n, err := t.tunDevice.Read(bufs, sizes, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if n == 0 {
+		return 0, io.ErrNoProgress
+	}
+	return sizes[0], nil
+}
+
+// Write implements single-packet write for backward compatibility
+func (t *wgTun) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	bufs := [][]byte{b}
+	offset := 0
+
+	// WireGuard TUN expects the packet data to start at offset 0
+	n, err := t.tunDevice.Write(bufs, offset)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if n == 0 {
+		return 0, io.ErrShortWrite
+	}
+	return len(b), nil
+}
+
+func (t *wgTun) Close() error {
+	if t.routeChan != nil {
+		close(t.routeChan)
+	}
+
+	if t.tunDevice != nil {
+		return t.tunDevice.Close()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *wgTun) NewMultiQueueReader() (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
+	// For WireGuard TUN, we need to create separate TUN device instances for multi-queue
+	// The platform-specific implementation will handle this
+	if t.routeManager == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("route manager not initialized for multi-queue reader")
+	}
+
+	return t.routeManager.NewMultiQueueReader(t)
+}
+
+func (t *wgTun) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
+	routeChange, routes, err := getAllRoutesFromConfig(c, t.vpnNetworks, initial)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !initial && !routeChange && !c.HasChanged("tun.mtu") {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	routeTree, err := makeRouteTree(t.l, routes, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	oldDefaultMTU := t.DefaultMTU
+	oldMaxMTU := t.MaxMTU
+	newDefaultMTU := c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU)
+	newMaxMTU := newDefaultMTU
+	for i, r := range routes {
+		if r.MTU == 0 {
+			routes[i].MTU = newDefaultMTU
+		}
+
+		if r.MTU > t.MaxMTU {
+			newMaxMTU = r.MTU
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.MaxMTU = newMaxMTU
+	t.DefaultMTU = newDefaultMTU
+
+	// Teach nebula how to handle the routes before establishing them in the system table
+	oldRoutes := t.Routes.Swap(&routes)
+	t.routeTree.Store(routeTree)
+
+	if !initial && t.routeManager != nil {
+		if oldMaxMTU != newMaxMTU {
+			t.routeManager.SetMTU(t, t.MaxMTU)
+			t.l.Infof("Set max MTU to %v was %v", t.MaxMTU, oldMaxMTU)
+		}
+
+		if oldDefaultMTU != newDefaultMTU {
+			for i := range t.vpnNetworks {
+				err := t.routeManager.SetDefaultRoute(t, t.vpnNetworks[i])
+				if err != nil {
+					t.l.Warn(err)
+				} else {
+					t.l.Infof("Set default MTU to %v was %v", t.DefaultMTU, oldDefaultMTU)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Remove first, if the system removes a wanted route hopefully it will be re-added next
+		t.routeManager.RemoveRoutes(t, findRemovedRoutes(routes, *oldRoutes))
+
+		// Ensure any routes we actually want are installed
+		err = t.routeManager.AddRoutes(t, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			// This should never be called since AddRoutes should log its own errors in a reload condition
+			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Failed to refresh routes", err, t.l)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BatchRead reads multiple packets from the TUN device using vectorized I/O
+// The caller provides buffers and sizes slices, and this function returns the number of packets read.
+func (r *wgTunReader) BatchRead(buffers [][]byte, sizes []int) (int, error) {
+	return r.tunDevice.Read(buffers, sizes, r.offset)
+}
+
+// Read implements io.Reader for wgTunReader (single packet for compatibility)
+func (r *wgTunReader) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	bufs := [][]byte{b}
+	sizes := []int{0}
+	n, err := r.tunDevice.Read(bufs, sizes, r.offset)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if n == 0 {
+		return 0, io.ErrNoProgress
+	}
+	return sizes[0], nil
+}
+
+// Write implements io.Writer for wgTunReader
+func (r *wgTunReader) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	bufs := [][]byte{b}
+	n, err := r.tunDevice.Write(bufs, r.offset)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if n == 0 {
+		return 0, io.ErrShortWrite
+	}
+	return len(b), nil
+}
+
+// BatchWrite writes multiple packets to the TUN device using vectorized I/O
+func (r *wgTunReader) BatchWrite(packets [][]byte) (int, error) {
+	return r.tunDevice.Write(packets, r.offset)
+}
+
+func (r *wgTunReader) Close() error {
+	if r.tunDevice != nil {
+		return r.tunDevice.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}

overlay/tun_windows.go

@@ -1,84 +1,77 @@
-//go:build !e2e_testing
+//go:build windows && !e2e_testing
-// +build !e2e_testing
+// +build windows,!e2e_testing
 
 package overlay
 
 import (
 	"crypto"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"syscall"
-	"unsafe"
 
-	"github.com/gaissmai/bart"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/wintun"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+	wgtun "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows/tunnel/winipcfg"
 )
 
 const tunGUIDLabel = "Fixed Nebula Windows GUID v1"
 
-type winTun struct {
+type tun struct {
-	Device      string
+	luid winipcfg.LUID
-	vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix
-	MTU         int
-	Routes      atomic.Pointer[[]Route]
-	routeTree   atomic.Pointer[bart.Table[routing.Gateways]]
-	l           *logrus.Logger
-
-	tun *wintun.NativeTun
 }
 
-func newTunFromFd(_ *config.C, _ *logrus.Logger, _ int, _ []netip.Prefix) (Device, error) {
+func newTunFromFd(_ *config.C, _ *logrus.Logger, _ int, _ []netip.Prefix) (*wgTun, error) {
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("newTunFromFd not supported in Windows")
 }
 
-func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (*winTun, error) {
+func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (*wgTun, error) {
-	err := checkWinTunExists()
+	deviceName := c.GetString("tun.dev", "Nebula")
+	mtu := c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU)
+
+	// Create WireGuard TUN device
+	tunDevice, err := wgtun.CreateTUN(deviceName, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can not load the wintun driver: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create TUN device: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	deviceName := c.GetString("tun.dev", "")
+	// Get the actual device name
-	guid, err := generateGUIDByDeviceName(deviceName)
+	actualName, err := tunDevice.Name()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generate GUID failed: %w", err)
+		tunDevice.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get TUN device name: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	t := &winTun{
+	t := &wgTun{
-		Device:      deviceName,
+		tunDevice:   tunDevice,
 		vpnNetworks: vpnNetworks,
-		MTU:         c.GetInt("tun.mtu", DefaultMTU),
+		MaxMTU:      mtu,
+		DefaultMTU:  mtu,
 		l:           l,
 	}
 
+	// Create Windows-specific route manager
+	rm := &tun{}
+
+	// Get LUID from the TUN device
+	// The WireGuard TUN device on Windows should provide a LUID() method
+	if nativeTun, ok := tunDevice.(interface{ LUID() uint64 }); ok {
+		rm.luid = winipcfg.LUID(nativeTun.LUID())
+	} else {
+		tunDevice.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get LUID from TUN device")
+	}
+	t.routeManager = rm
+
 	err = t.reload(c, true)
 	if err != nil {
+		tunDevice.Close()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	var tunDevice wintun.Device
-	tunDevice, err = wintun.CreateTUNWithRequestedGUID(deviceName, guid, t.MTU)
-	if err != nil {
-		// Windows 10 has an issue with unclean shutdowns not fully cleaning up the wintun device.
-		// Trying a second time resolves the issue.
-		l.WithError(err).Debug("Failed to create wintun device, retrying")
-		tunDevice, err = wintun.CreateTUNWithRequestedGUID(deviceName, guid, t.MTU)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create TUN device failed: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-	t.tun = tunDevice.(*wintun.NativeTun)
-
 	c.RegisterReloadCallback(func(c *config.C) {
 		err := t.reload(c, false)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -86,206 +79,140 @@ func newTun(c *config.C, l *logrus.Logger, vpnNetworks []netip.Prefix, _ bool) (
 		}
 	})
 
+	l.WithField("name", actualName).Info("Created WireGuard TUN device")
+
 	return t, nil
 }
 
-func (t *winTun) reload(c *config.C, initial bool) error {
+func (rm *tun) Activate(t *wgTun) error {
-	change, routes, err := getAllRoutesFromConfig(c, t.vpnNetworks, initial)
+	// Set MTU
+	err := rm.setMTU(t, t.MaxMTU)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set MTU: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if !initial && !change {
+	// Add IP addresses
-		return nil
+	for _, network := range t.vpnNetworks {
-	}
+		if err := rm.addIP(t, network); err != nil {
-
+			return err
-	routeTree, err := makeRouteTree(t.l, routes, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Teach nebula how to handle the routes before establishing them in the system table
-	oldRoutes := t.Routes.Swap(&routes)
-	t.routeTree.Store(routeTree)
-
-	if !initial {
-		// Remove first, if the system removes a wanted route hopefully it will be re-added next
-		err := t.removeRoutes(findRemovedRoutes(routes, *oldRoutes))
-		if err != nil {
-			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Failed to remove routes", err, t.l)
-		}
-
-		// Ensure any routes we actually want are installed
-		err = t.addRoutes(true)
-		if err != nil {
-			// Catch any stray logs
-			util.LogWithContextIfNeeded("Failed to add routes", err, t.l)
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	// Add routes
-}
+	if err := rm.AddRoutes(t, false); err != nil {
-
-func (t *winTun) Activate() error {
-	luid := winipcfg.LUID(t.tun.LUID())
-
-	err := luid.SetIPAddresses(t.vpnNetworks)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set address: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = t.addRoutes(false)
-	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *winTun) addRoutes(logErrors bool) error {
+func (rm *tun) SetMTU(t *wgTun, mtu int) {
-	luid := winipcfg.LUID(t.tun.LUID())
+	if err := rm.setMTU(t, mtu); err != nil {
+		t.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to set MTU")
+	}
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) setMTU(t *wgTun, mtu int) error {
+	// Set MTU using winipcfg
+	// Note: MTU setting on Windows TUN devices may be handled by the driver
+	// For now, we'll skip explicit MTU setting as the WireGuard TUN handles it
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) SetDefaultRoute(t *wgTun, cidr netip.Prefix) error {
+	// On Windows, routes are managed differently
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) AddRoutes(t *wgTun, logErrors bool) error {
 	routes := *t.Routes.Load()
-	foundDefault4 := false
-
 	for _, r := range routes {
-		if len(r.Via) == 0 || !r.Install {
+		if !r.Install {
-			// We don't allow route MTUs so only install routes with a via
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// Add our unsafe route
+		if r.MTU > 0 {
-		// Windows does not support multipath routes natively, so we install only a single route.
+			// Windows route MTU is not directly supported
-		// This is not a problem as traffic will always be sent to Nebula which handles the multipath routing internally.
+			t.l.WithField("route", r).Debug("Route MTU is not supported on Windows")
-		// In effect this provides multipath routing support to windows supporting loadbalancing and redundancy.
+		}
-		err := luid.AddRoute(r.Cidr, r.Via[0].Addr(), uint32(r.Metric))
+
+		// Use winipcfg to add the route
+		// The rm.luid should have the AddRoute method from winipcfg
+		if len(r.Via) == 0 {
+			t.l.WithField("route", r).Warn("Route has no via address, skipping")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		err := rm.luid.AddRoute(r.Cidr, r.Via[0].Addr(), uint32(r.Metric))
 		if err != nil {
 			retErr := util.NewContextualError("Failed to add route", map[string]any{"route": r}, err)
 			if logErrors {
 				retErr.Log(t.l)
-				continue
 			} else {
 				return retErr
 			}
 		} else {
 			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Added route")
 		}
-
-		if !foundDefault4 {
-			if r.Cidr.Bits() == 0 && r.Cidr.Addr().BitLen() == 32 {
-				foundDefault4 = true
-			}
-		}
 	}
 
-	ipif, err := luid.IPInterface(windows.AF_INET)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get ip interface: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	ipif.NLMTU = uint32(t.MTU)
-	if foundDefault4 {
-		ipif.UseAutomaticMetric = false
-		ipif.Metric = 0
-	}
-
-	if err := ipif.Set(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set ip interface: %w", err)
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *winTun) removeRoutes(routes []Route) error {
+func (rm *tun) RemoveRoutes(t *wgTun, routes []Route) {
-	luid := winipcfg.LUID(t.tun.LUID())
-
 	for _, r := range routes {
 		if !r.Install {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// See comment on luid.AddRoute
+		if len(r.Via) == 0 {
-		err := luid.DeleteRoute(r.Cidr, r.Via[0].Addr())
+			continue
+		}
+
+		err := rm.luid.DeleteRoute(r.Cidr, r.Via[0].Addr())
 		if err != nil {
 			t.l.WithError(err).WithField("route", r).Error("Failed to remove route")
 		} else {
 			t.l.WithField("route", r).Info("Removed route")
 		}
 	}
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) NewMultiQueueReader(t *wgTun) (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
+	// Windows doesn't support multi-queue TUN devices
+	// Return a reader that wraps the same device
+	return &wgTunReader{
+		parent:    t,
+		tunDevice: t.tunDevice,
+		offset:    0,
+		l:         t.l,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (rm *tun) addIP(t *wgTun, network netip.Prefix) error {
+	// Add IP address using winipcfg
+	// SetIPAddresses expects a slice of prefixes
+	err := rm.luid.SetIPAddresses([]netip.Prefix{network})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to add IP address %s: %w", network, err)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *winTun) RoutesFor(ip netip.Addr) routing.Gateways {
+// generateGUIDByDeviceName generates a GUID based on the device name
-	r, _ := t.routeTree.Load().Lookup(ip)
+func generateGUIDByDeviceName(deviceName string) (*windows.GUID, error) {
-	return r
+	// Hash the device name to create a deterministic GUID
-}
+	h := crypto.SHA256.New()
+	h.Write([]byte(tunGUIDLabel))
+	h.Write([]byte(deviceName))
+	sum := h.Sum(nil)
 
-func (t *winTun) Networks() []netip.Prefix {
+	guid := &windows.GUID{
-	return t.vpnNetworks
+		Data1: binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(sum[0:4]),
-}
+		Data2: binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(sum[4:6]),
-
+		Data3: binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(sum[6:8]),
-func (t *winTun) Name() string {
-	return t.Device
-}
-
-func (t *winTun) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	return t.tun.Read(b, 0)
-}
-
-func (t *winTun) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	return t.tun.Write(b, 0)
-}
-
-func (t *winTun) NewMultiQueueReader() (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("TODO: multiqueue not implemented for windows")
-}
-
-func (t *winTun) Close() error {
-	// It seems that the Windows networking stack doesn't like it when we destroy interfaces that have active routes,
-	// so to be certain, just remove everything before destroying.
-	luid := winipcfg.LUID(t.tun.LUID())
-	_ = luid.FlushRoutes(windows.AF_INET)
-	_ = luid.FlushIPAddresses(windows.AF_INET)
-
-	_ = luid.FlushRoutes(windows.AF_INET6)
-	_ = luid.FlushIPAddresses(windows.AF_INET6)
-
-	_ = luid.FlushDNS(windows.AF_INET)
-	_ = luid.FlushDNS(windows.AF_INET6)
-
-	return t.tun.Close()
-}
-
-func generateGUIDByDeviceName(name string) (*windows.GUID, error) {
-	// GUID is 128 bit
-	hash := crypto.MD5.New()
-
-	_, err := hash.Write([]byte(tunGUIDLabel))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
 	}
+	copy(guid.Data4[:], sum[8:16])
 
-	_, err = hash.Write([]byte(name))
+	return guid, nil
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	sum := hash.Sum(nil)
-
-	return (*windows.GUID)(unsafe.Pointer(&sum[0])), nil
-}
-
-func checkWinTunExists() error {
-	myPath, err := os.Executable()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	arch := runtime.GOARCH
-	switch arch {
-	case "386":
-		//NOTE: wintun bundles 386 as x86
-		arch = "x86"
-	}
-
-	_, err = syscall.LoadDLL(filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(myPath), "dist", "windows", "wintun", "bin", arch, "wintun.dll"))
-	return err
 }

overlay/user.go

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 package overlay
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/netip"
 
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/routing"
 )
 
@@ -38,10 +36,6 @@ type UserDevice struct {
 	inboundWriter *io.PipeWriter
 }
 
-func (d *UserDevice) RecycleRxSeg(pkt *packet.VirtIOPacket, kick bool, q int) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (d *UserDevice) Activate() error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -52,7 +46,7 @@ func (d *UserDevice) RoutesFor(ip netip.Addr) routing.Gateways {
 	return routing.Gateways{routing.NewGateway(ip, 1)}
 }
 
-func (d *UserDevice) NewMultiQueueReader() (TunDev, error) {
+func (d *UserDevice) NewMultiQueueReader() (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
 	return d, nil
 }
 
@@ -71,19 +65,3 @@ func (d *UserDevice) Close() error {
 	d.outboundWriter.Close()
 	return nil
 }
-
-func (d *UserDevice) ReadMany(b []*packet.VirtIOPacket, _ int) (int, error) {
-	return d.Read(b[0].Payload)
-}
-
-func (d *UserDevice) AllocSeg(pkt *packet.OutPacket, q int) (int, error) {
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("user: AllocSeg not implemented")
-}
-
-func (d *UserDevice) WriteOne(x *packet.OutPacket, kick bool, q int) (int, error) {
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("user: WriteOne not implemented")
-}
-
-func (d *UserDevice) WriteMany(x []*packet.OutPacket, q int) (int, error) {
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("user: WriteMany not implemented")
-}

overlay/vhost/README.md

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-Significant portions of this code are derived from https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/hetznercloud/virtio-go
-
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2025 Hetzner Cloud GmbH
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

overlay/vhost/doc.go

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-// Package vhost implements the basic ioctl requests needed to interact with the
-// kernel-level virtio server that provides accelerated virtio devices for
-// networking and more.
-package vhost

overlay/vhost/ioctl.go

@@ -1,218 +0,0 @@
-package vhost
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/virtqueue"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util/virtio"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-const (
-	// vhostIoctlGetFeatures can be used to retrieve the features supported by
-	// the vhost implementation in the kernel.
-	//
-	// Response payload: [virtio.Feature]
-	// Kernel name: VHOST_GET_FEATURES
-	vhostIoctlGetFeatures = 0x8008af00
-
-	// vhostIoctlSetFeatures can be used to communicate the features supported
-	// by this virtio implementation to the kernel.
-	//
-	// Request payload: [virtio.Feature]
-	// Kernel name: VHOST_SET_FEATURES
-	vhostIoctlSetFeatures = 0x4008af00
-
-	// vhostIoctlSetOwner can be used to set the current process as the
-	// exclusive owner of a control file descriptor.
-	//
-	// Request payload: none
-	// Kernel name: VHOST_SET_OWNER
-	vhostIoctlSetOwner = 0x0000af01
-
-	// vhostIoctlSetMemoryLayout can be used to set up or modify the memory
-	// layout which describes the IOTLB mappings in the kernel.
-	//
-	// Request payload: [MemoryLayout] with custom serialization
-	// Kernel name: VHOST_SET_MEM_TABLE
-	vhostIoctlSetMemoryLayout = 0x4008af03
-
-	// vhostIoctlSetQueueSize can be used to set the size of the virtqueue.
-	//
-	// Request payload: [QueueState]
-	// Kernel name: VHOST_SET_VRING_NUM
-	vhostIoctlSetQueueSize = 0x4008af10
-
-	// vhostIoctlSetQueueAddress can be used to set the addresses of the
-	// different parts of the virtqueue.
-	//
-	// Request payload: [QueueAddresses]
-	// Kernel name: VHOST_SET_VRING_ADDR
-	vhostIoctlSetQueueAddress = 0x4028af11
-
-	// vhostIoctlSetAvailableRingBase can be used to set the index of the next
-	// available ring entry the device will process.
-	//
-	// Request payload: [QueueState]
-	// Kernel name: VHOST_SET_VRING_BASE
-	vhostIoctlSetAvailableRingBase = 0x4008af12
-
-	// vhostIoctlSetQueueKickEventFD can be used to set the event file
-	// descriptor to signal the device when descriptor chains were added to the
-	// available ring.
-	//
-	// Request payload: [QueueFile]
-	// Kernel name: VHOST_SET_VRING_KICK
-	vhostIoctlSetQueueKickEventFD = 0x4008af20
-
-	// vhostIoctlSetQueueCallEventFD can be used to set the event file
-	// descriptor that gets signaled by the device when descriptor chains have
-	// been used by it.
-	//
-	// Request payload: [QueueFile]
-	// Kernel name: VHOST_SET_VRING_CALL
-	vhostIoctlSetQueueCallEventFD = 0x4008af21
-)
-
-// QueueState is an ioctl request payload that can hold a queue index and any
-// 32-bit number.
-//
-// Kernel name: vhost_vring_state
-type QueueState struct {
-	// QueueIndex is the index of the virtqueue.
-	QueueIndex uint32
-	// Num is any 32-bit number, depending on the request.
-	Num uint32
-}
-
-// QueueAddresses is an ioctl request payload that can hold the addresses of the
-// different parts of a virtqueue.
-//
-// Kernel name: vhost_vring_addr
-type QueueAddresses struct {
-	// QueueIndex is the index of the virtqueue.
-	QueueIndex uint32
-	// Flags that are not used in this implementation.
-	Flags uint32
-	// DescriptorTableAddress is the address of the descriptor table in user
-	// space memory. It must be 16-byte aligned.
-	DescriptorTableAddress uintptr
-	// UsedRingAddress is the address of the used ring in user space memory. It
-	// must be 4-byte aligned.
-	UsedRingAddress uintptr
-	// AvailableRingAddress is the address of the available ring in user space
-	// memory. It must be 2-byte aligned.
-	AvailableRingAddress uintptr
-	// LogAddress is used for an optional logging support, not supported by this
-	// implementation.
-	LogAddress uintptr
-}
-
-// QueueFile is an ioctl request payload that can hold a queue index and a file
-// descriptor.
-//
-// Kernel name: vhost_vring_file
-type QueueFile struct {
-	// QueueIndex is the index of the virtqueue.
-	QueueIndex uint32
-	// FD is the file descriptor of the file. Pass -1 to unbind from a file.
-	FD int32
-}
-
-// IoctlPtr is a copy of the similarly named unexported function from the Go
-// unix package. This is needed to do custom ioctl requests not supported by the
-// standard library.
-func IoctlPtr(fd int, req uint, arg unsafe.Pointer) error {
-	_, _, err := unix.Syscall(unix.SYS_IOCTL, uintptr(fd), uintptr(req), uintptr(arg))
-	if err != 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("ioctl request %d: %w", req, err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// GetFeatures requests the supported feature bits from the virtio device
-// associated with the given control file descriptor.
-func GetFeatures(controlFD int) (virtio.Feature, error) {
-	var features virtio.Feature
-	if err := IoctlPtr(controlFD, vhostIoctlGetFeatures, unsafe.Pointer(&features)); err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("get features: %w", err)
-	}
-	return features, nil
-}
-
-// SetFeatures communicates the feature bits supported by this implementation
-// to the virtio device associated with the given control file descriptor.
-func SetFeatures(controlFD int, features virtio.Feature) error {
-	if err := IoctlPtr(controlFD, vhostIoctlSetFeatures, unsafe.Pointer(&features)); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("set features: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// OwnControlFD sets the current process as the exclusive owner for the
-// given control file descriptor. This must be called before interacting with
-// the control file descriptor in any other way.
-func OwnControlFD(controlFD int) error {
-	if err := IoctlPtr(controlFD, vhostIoctlSetOwner, unsafe.Pointer(nil)); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("set control file descriptor owner: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// SetMemoryLayout sets up or modifies the memory layout for the kernel-level
-// virtio device associated with the given control file descriptor.
-func SetMemoryLayout(controlFD int, layout MemoryLayout) error {
-	payload := layout.serializePayload()
-	if err := IoctlPtr(controlFD, vhostIoctlSetMemoryLayout, unsafe.Pointer(&payload[0])); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("set memory layout: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// RegisterQueue registers a virtio queue with the kernel-level virtio server.
-// The virtqueue will be linked to the given control file descriptor and will
-// have the given index. The kernel will use this queue until the control file
-// descriptor is closed.
-func RegisterQueue(controlFD int, queueIndex uint32, queue *virtqueue.SplitQueue) error {
-	if err := IoctlPtr(controlFD, vhostIoctlSetQueueSize, unsafe.Pointer(&QueueState{
-		QueueIndex: queueIndex,
-		Num:        uint32(queue.Size()),
-	})); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("set queue size: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := IoctlPtr(controlFD, vhostIoctlSetQueueAddress, unsafe.Pointer(&QueueAddresses{
-		QueueIndex:             queueIndex,
-		Flags:                  0,
-		DescriptorTableAddress: queue.DescriptorTable().Address(),
-		UsedRingAddress:        queue.UsedRing().Address(),
-		AvailableRingAddress:   queue.AvailableRing().Address(),
-		LogAddress:             0,
-	})); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("set queue addresses: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := IoctlPtr(controlFD, vhostIoctlSetAvailableRingBase, unsafe.Pointer(&QueueState{
-		QueueIndex: queueIndex,
-		Num:        0,
-	})); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("set available ring base: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := IoctlPtr(controlFD, vhostIoctlSetQueueKickEventFD, unsafe.Pointer(&QueueFile{
-		QueueIndex: queueIndex,
-		FD:         int32(queue.KickEventFD()),
-	})); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("set kick event file descriptor: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := IoctlPtr(controlFD, vhostIoctlSetQueueCallEventFD, unsafe.Pointer(&QueueFile{
-		QueueIndex: queueIndex,
-		FD:         int32(queue.CallEventFD()),
-	})); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("set call event file descriptor: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

overlay/vhost/ioctl_test.go

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package vhost_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/vhost"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestQueueState_Size(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 8, unsafe.Sizeof(vhost.QueueState{}))
-}
-
-func TestQueueAddresses_Size(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 40, unsafe.Sizeof(vhost.QueueAddresses{}))
-}
-
-func TestQueueFile_Size(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 8, unsafe.Sizeof(vhost.QueueFile{}))
-}

overlay/vhost/memory.go

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-package vhost
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"fmt"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/virtqueue"
-)
-
-// MemoryRegion describes a region of userspace memory which is being made
-// accessible to a vhost device.
-//
-// Kernel name: vhost_memory_region
-type MemoryRegion struct {
-	// GuestPhysicalAddress is the physical address of the memory region within
-	// the guest, when virtualization is used. When no virtualization is used,
-	// this should be the same as UserspaceAddress.
-	GuestPhysicalAddress uintptr
-	// Size is the size of the memory region.
-	Size uint64
-	// UserspaceAddress is the virtual address in the userspace of the host
-	// where the memory region can be found.
-	UserspaceAddress uintptr
-	// Padding and room for flags. Currently unused.
-	_ uint64
-}
-
-// MemoryLayout is a list of [MemoryRegion]s.
-type MemoryLayout []MemoryRegion
-
-// NewMemoryLayoutForQueues returns a new [MemoryLayout] that describes the
-// memory pages used by the descriptor tables of the given queues.
-func NewMemoryLayoutForQueues(queues []*virtqueue.SplitQueue) MemoryLayout {
-	regions := make([]MemoryRegion, 0)
-	for _, queue := range queues {
-		for address, size := range queue.DescriptorTable().BufferAddresses() {
-			regions = append(regions, MemoryRegion{
-				// There is no virtualization in play here, so the guest address
-				// is the same as in the host's userspace.
-				GuestPhysicalAddress: address,
-				Size:                 uint64(size),
-				UserspaceAddress:     address,
-			})
-		}
-	}
-	return regions
-}
-
-// serializePayload serializes the list of memory regions into a format that is
-// compatible to the vhost_memory kernel struct. The returned byte slice can be
-// used as a payload for the vhostIoctlSetMemoryLayout ioctl.
-func (regions MemoryLayout) serializePayload() []byte {
-	regionCount := len(regions)
-	regionSize := int(unsafe.Sizeof(MemoryRegion{}))
-	payload := make([]byte, 8+regionCount*regionSize)
-
-	// The first 32 bits contain the number of memory regions. The following 32
-	// bits are padding.
-	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(payload[0:4], uint32(regionCount))
-
-	if regionCount > 0 {
-		// The underlying byte array of the slice should already have the correct
-		// format, so just copy that.
-		copied := copy(payload[8:], unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&regions[0])), regionCount*regionSize))
-		if copied != regionCount*regionSize {
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("copied only %d bytes of the memory regions, but expected %d",
-				copied, regionCount*regionSize))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return payload
-}

overlay/vhost/memory_internal_test.go

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-package vhost
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestMemoryRegion_Size(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.EqualValues(t, 32, unsafe.Sizeof(MemoryRegion{}))
-}
-
-func TestMemoryLayout_SerializePayload(t *testing.T) {
-	layout := MemoryLayout([]MemoryRegion{
-		{
-			GuestPhysicalAddress: 42,
-			Size:                 100,
-			UserspaceAddress:     142,
-		}, {
-			GuestPhysicalAddress: 99,
-			Size:                 100,
-			UserspaceAddress:     99,
-		},
-	})
-	payload := layout.serializePayload()
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte{
-		0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // nregions
-		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // padding
-		// region 0
-		0x2a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // guest_phys_addr
-		0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // memory_size
-		0x8e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // userspace_addr
-		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // flags_padding
-		// region 1
-		0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // guest_phys_addr
-		0x64, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // memory_size
-		0x63, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // userspace_addr
-		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // flags_padding
-	}, payload)
-}

overlay/vhostnet/README.md

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-Significant portions of this code are derived from https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/hetznercloud/virtio-go
-
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2025 Hetzner Cloud GmbH
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

overlay/vhostnet/device.go

@@ -1,427 +0,0 @@
-package vhostnet
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"runtime"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/vhost"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/virtqueue"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util/virtio"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-// ErrDeviceClosed is returned when the [Device] is closed while operations are
-// still running.
-var ErrDeviceClosed = errors.New("device was closed")
-
-// The indexes for the receive and transmit queues.
-const (
-	receiveQueueIndex  = 0
-	transmitQueueIndex = 1
-)
-
-// Device represents a vhost networking device within the kernel-level virtio
-// implementation and provides methods to interact with it.
-type Device struct {
-	initialized bool
-	controlFD   int
-
-	fullTable     bool
-	ReceiveQueue  *virtqueue.SplitQueue
-	TransmitQueue *virtqueue.SplitQueue
-}
-
-// NewDevice initializes a new vhost networking device within the
-// kernel-level virtio implementation, sets up the virtqueues and returns a
-// [Device] instance that can be used to communicate with that vhost device.
-//
-// There are multiple options that can be passed to this constructor to
-// influence device creation:
-//   - [WithQueueSize]
-//   - [WithBackendFD]
-//   - [WithBackendDevice]
-//
-// Remember to call [Device.Close] after use to free up resources.
-func NewDevice(options ...Option) (*Device, error) {
-	var err error
-	opts := optionDefaults
-	opts.apply(options)
-	if err = opts.validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid options: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	dev := Device{
-		controlFD: -1,
-	}
-
-	// Clean up a partially initialized device when something fails.
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			_ = dev.Close()
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// Retrieve a new control file descriptor. This will be used to configure
-	// the vhost networking device in the kernel.
-	dev.controlFD, err = unix.Open("/dev/vhost-net", os.O_RDWR, 0666)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get control file descriptor: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err = vhost.OwnControlFD(dev.controlFD); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("own control file descriptor: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Advertise the supported features. This isn't much for now.
-	// TODO: Add feature options and implement proper feature negotiation.
-	getFeatures, err := vhost.GetFeatures(dev.controlFD) //0x1033D008000 but why
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get features: %w", err)
-	}
-	if getFeatures == 0 {
-
-	}
-	//const funky = virtio.Feature(1 << 27)
-	//features := virtio.FeatureVersion1 | funky // | todo virtio.FeatureNetMergeRXBuffers
-	features := virtio.FeatureVersion1 | virtio.FeatureNetMergeRXBuffers
-	if err = vhost.SetFeatures(dev.controlFD, features); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set features: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	itemSize := os.Getpagesize() * 4 //todo config
-
-	// Initialize and register the queues needed for the networking device.
-	if dev.ReceiveQueue, err = createQueue(dev.controlFD, receiveQueueIndex, opts.queueSize, itemSize); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create receive queue: %w", err)
-	}
-	if dev.TransmitQueue, err = createQueue(dev.controlFD, transmitQueueIndex, opts.queueSize, itemSize); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create transmit queue: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Set up memory mappings for all buffers used by the queues. This has to
-	// happen before a backend for the queues can be registered.
-	memoryLayout := vhost.NewMemoryLayoutForQueues(
-		[]*virtqueue.SplitQueue{dev.ReceiveQueue, dev.TransmitQueue},
-	)
-	if err = vhost.SetMemoryLayout(dev.controlFD, memoryLayout); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("setup memory layout: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Set the queue backends. This activates the queues within the kernel.
-	if err = SetQueueBackend(dev.controlFD, receiveQueueIndex, opts.backendFD); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set receive queue backend: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err = SetQueueBackend(dev.controlFD, transmitQueueIndex, opts.backendFD); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set transmit queue backend: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Fully populate the receive queue with available buffers which the device
-	// can write new packets into.
-	if err = dev.refillReceiveQueue(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("refill receive queue: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err = dev.refillTransmitQueue(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("refill receive queue: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	dev.initialized = true
-
-	// Make sure to clean up even when the device gets garbage collected without
-	// Close being called first.
-	devPtr := &dev
-	runtime.SetFinalizer(devPtr, (*Device).Close)
-
-	return devPtr, nil
-}
-
-// refillReceiveQueue offers as many new device-writable buffers to the device
-// as the queue can fit. The device will then use these to write received
-// packets.
-func (dev *Device) refillReceiveQueue() error {
-	for {
-		_, err := dev.ReceiveQueue.OfferInDescriptorChains()
-		if err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, virtqueue.ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors) {
-				// Queue is full, job is done.
-				return nil
-			}
-			return fmt.Errorf("offer descriptor chain: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (dev *Device) refillTransmitQueue() error {
-	//for {
-	//	desc, err := dev.TransmitQueue.DescriptorTable().CreateDescriptorForOutputs()
-	//	if err != nil {
-	//		if errors.Is(err, virtqueue.ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors) {
-	//			// Queue is full, job is done.
-	//			return nil
-	//		}
-	//		return fmt.Errorf("offer descriptor chain: %w", err)
-	//	} else {
-	//		dev.TransmitQueue.UsedRing().InitOfferSingle(desc, 0)
-	//	}
-	//}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Close cleans up the vhost networking device within the kernel and releases
-// all resources used for it.
-// The implementation will try to release as many resources as possible and
-// collect potential errors before returning them.
-func (dev *Device) Close() error {
-	dev.initialized = false
-
-	// Closing the control file descriptor will unregister all queues from the
-	// kernel.
-	if dev.controlFD >= 0 {
-		if err := unix.Close(dev.controlFD); err != nil {
-			// Return an error and do not continue, because the memory used for
-			// the queues should not be released before they were unregistered
-			// from the kernel.
-			return fmt.Errorf("close control file descriptor: %w", err)
-		}
-		dev.controlFD = -1
-	}
-
-	var errs []error
-
-	if dev.ReceiveQueue != nil {
-		if err := dev.ReceiveQueue.Close(); err == nil {
-			dev.ReceiveQueue = nil
-		} else {
-			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("close receive queue: %w", err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	if dev.TransmitQueue != nil {
-		if err := dev.TransmitQueue.Close(); err == nil {
-			dev.TransmitQueue = nil
-		} else {
-			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("close transmit queue: %w", err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(errs) == 0 {
-		// Everything was cleaned up. No need to run the finalizer anymore.
-		runtime.SetFinalizer(dev, nil)
-	}
-
-	return errors.Join(errs...)
-}
-
-// ensureInitialized is used as a guard to prevent methods to be called on an
-// uninitialized instance.
-func (dev *Device) ensureInitialized() {
-	if !dev.initialized {
-		panic("device is not initialized")
-	}
-}
-
-// createQueue creates a new virtqueue and registers it with the vhost device
-// using the given index.
-func createQueue(controlFD int, queueIndex int, queueSize int, itemSize int) (*virtqueue.SplitQueue, error) {
-	var (
-		queue *virtqueue.SplitQueue
-		err   error
-	)
-	if queue, err = virtqueue.NewSplitQueue(queueSize, itemSize); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create virtqueue: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err = vhost.RegisterQueue(controlFD, uint32(queueIndex), queue); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("register virtqueue with index %d: %w", queueIndex, err)
-	}
-	return queue, nil
-}
-
-// truncateBuffers returns a new list of buffers whose combined length matches
-// exactly the specified length. When the specified length exceeds the length of
-// the buffers, this is an error. When it is smaller, the buffer list will be
-// truncated accordingly.
-func truncateBuffers(buffers [][]byte, length int) (out [][]byte) {
-	for _, buffer := range buffers {
-		if length < len(buffer) {
-			out = append(out, buffer[:length])
-			return
-		}
-		out = append(out, buffer)
-		length -= len(buffer)
-	}
-	if length > 0 {
-		panic("length exceeds the combined length of all buffers")
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func (dev *Device) GetPacketForTx() (uint16, []byte, error) {
-	var err error
-	var idx uint16
-	if !dev.fullTable {
-
-		idx, err = dev.TransmitQueue.DescriptorTable().CreateDescriptorForOutputs()
-		if err == virtqueue.ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors {
-			dev.fullTable = true
-			idx, err = dev.TransmitQueue.TakeSingle(context.TODO())
-		}
-	} else {
-		idx, err = dev.TransmitQueue.TakeSingle(context.TODO())
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("transmit queue: %w", err)
-	}
-	buf, err := dev.TransmitQueue.GetDescriptorItem(idx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, nil, fmt.Errorf("get descriptor chain: %w", err)
-	}
-	return idx, buf, nil
-}
-
-func (dev *Device) TransmitPacket(pkt *packet.OutPacket, kick bool) error {
-	if len(pkt.SegmentIDs) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	for idx := range pkt.SegmentIDs {
-		segmentID := pkt.SegmentIDs[idx]
-		dev.TransmitQueue.SetDescSize(segmentID, len(pkt.Segments[idx]))
-	}
-	err := dev.TransmitQueue.OfferDescriptorChains(pkt.SegmentIDs, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("offer descriptor chains: %w", err)
-	}
-	pkt.Reset()
-	if kick {
-		if err := dev.TransmitQueue.Kick(); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (dev *Device) TransmitPackets(pkts []*packet.OutPacket) error {
-	if len(pkts) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	for i := range pkts {
-		if err := dev.TransmitPacket(pkts[i], false); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	if err := dev.TransmitQueue.Kick(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// TODO: Make above methods cancelable by taking a context.Context argument?
-// TODO: Implement zero-copy variants to transmit and receive packets?
-
-// processChains processes as many chains as needed to create one packet. The number of processed chains is returned.
-func (dev *Device) processChains(pkt *packet.VirtIOPacket, chains []virtqueue.UsedElement) (int, error) {
-	//read first element to see how many descriptors we need:
-	pkt.Reset()
-
-	err := dev.ReceiveQueue.GetDescriptorInbuffers(uint16(chains[0].DescriptorIndex), &pkt.ChainRefs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("get descriptor chain: %w", err)
-	}
-	if len(pkt.ChainRefs) == 0 {
-		return 1, nil
-	}
-
-	// The specification requires that the first descriptor chain starts
-	// with a virtio-net header. It is not clear, whether it is also
-	// required to be fully contained in the first buffer of that
-	// descriptor chain, but it is reasonable to assume that this is
-	// always the case.
-	// The decode method already does the buffer length check.
-	if err = pkt.Header.Decode(pkt.ChainRefs[0][0:]); err != nil {
-		// The device misbehaved. There is no way we can gracefully
-		// recover from this, because we don't know how many of the
-		// following descriptor chains belong to this packet.
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("decode vnethdr: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	//we have the header now: what do we need to do?
-	if int(pkt.Header.NumBuffers) > len(chains) {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("number of buffers is greater than number of chains %d", len(chains))
-	}
-	if int(pkt.Header.NumBuffers) != 1 {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("too smol-brain to handle more than one chain right now: %d chains", len(chains))
-	}
-	if chains[0].Length > 16000 {
-		//todo!
-		return 1, fmt.Errorf("too big packet length: %d", chains[0].Length)
-	}
-
-	//shift the buffer out of out:
-	pkt.Payload = pkt.ChainRefs[0][virtio.NetHdrSize:chains[0].Length]
-	pkt.Chains = append(pkt.Chains, uint16(chains[0].DescriptorIndex))
-	return 1, nil
-
-	//cursor := n - virtio.NetHdrSize
-	//
-	//if uint32(n) >= chains[0].Length && pkt.Header.NumBuffers == 1 {
-	//	pkt.Payload = pkt.Payload[:chains[0].Length-virtio.NetHdrSize]
-	//	return 1, nil
-	//}
-	//
-	//i := 1
-	//// we used chain 0 already
-	//for i = 1; i < len(chains); i++ {
-	//	n, err = dev.ReceiveQueue.GetDescriptorChainContents(uint16(chains[i].DescriptorIndex), pkt.Payload[cursor:], int(chains[i].Length))
-	//	if err != nil {
-	//		// When this fails we may miss to free some descriptor chains. We
-	//		// could try to mitigate this by deferring the freeing somehow, but
-	//		// it's not worth the hassle. When this method fails, the queue will
-	//		// be in a broken state anyway.
-	//		return i, fmt.Errorf("get descriptor chain: %w", err)
-	//	}
-	//	cursor += n
-	//}
-	////todo this has to be wrong
-	//pkt.Payload = pkt.Payload[:cursor]
-	//return i, nil
-}
-
-func (dev *Device) ReceivePackets(out []*packet.VirtIOPacket) (int, error) {
-	//todo optimize?
-	var chains []virtqueue.UsedElement
-	var err error
-	//if len(dev.extraRx) == 0 {
-	chains, err = dev.ReceiveQueue.BlockAndGetHeadsCapped(context.TODO(), len(out))
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	if len(chains) == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	//} else {
-	//	chains = dev.extraRx
-	//}
-
-	numPackets := 0
-	chainsIdx := 0
-	for numPackets = 0; chainsIdx < len(chains); numPackets++ {
-		if numPackets >= len(out) {
-			return numPackets, fmt.Errorf("dropping %d packets, no room", len(chains)-numPackets)
-		}
-		numChains, err := dev.processChains(out[numPackets], chains[chainsIdx:])
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, err
-		}
-		chainsIdx += numChains
-	}
-
-	// Now that we have copied all buffers, we can recycle the used descriptor chains
-	//if err = dev.ReceiveQueue.OfferDescriptorChains(chains); err != nil {
-	//	return 0, err
-	//}
-
-	return numPackets, nil
-}

overlay/vhostnet/doc.go

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-// Package vhostnet implements methods to initialize vhost networking devices
-// within the kernel-level virtio implementation and communicate with them.
-package vhostnet

overlay/vhostnet/ioctl.go

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package vhostnet
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/vhost"
-)
-
-const (
-	// vhostNetIoctlSetBackend can be used to attach a virtqueue to a RAW socket
-	// or TAP device.
-	//
-	// Request payload: [vhost.QueueFile]
-	// Kernel name: VHOST_NET_SET_BACKEND
-	vhostNetIoctlSetBackend = 0x4008af30
-)
-
-// SetQueueBackend attaches a virtqueue of the vhost networking device
-// described by controlFD to the given backend file descriptor.
-// The backend file descriptor can either be a RAW socket or a TAP device. When
-// it is -1, the queue will be detached.
-func SetQueueBackend(controlFD int, queueIndex uint32, backendFD int) error {
-	if err := vhost.IoctlPtr(controlFD, vhostNetIoctlSetBackend, unsafe.Pointer(&vhost.QueueFile{
-		QueueIndex: queueIndex,
-		FD:         int32(backendFD),
-	})); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("set queue backend file descriptor: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}

overlay/vhostnet/options.go

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-package vhostnet
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/virtqueue"
-)
-
-type optionValues struct {
-	queueSize int
-	backendFD int
-}
-
-func (o *optionValues) apply(options []Option) {
-	for _, option := range options {
-		option(o)
-	}
-}
-
-func (o *optionValues) validate() error {
-	if o.queueSize == -1 {
-		return errors.New("queue size is required")
-	}
-	if err := virtqueue.CheckQueueSize(o.queueSize); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if o.backendFD == -1 {
-		return errors.New("backend file descriptor is required")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-var optionDefaults = optionValues{
-	// Required.
-	queueSize: -1,
-	// Required.
-	backendFD: -1,
-}
-
-// Option can be passed to [NewDevice] to influence device creation.
-type Option func(*optionValues)
-
-// WithQueueSize returns an [Option] that sets the size of the TX and RX queues
-// that are to be created for the device. It specifies the number of
-// entries/buffers each queue can hold. This also affects the memory
-// consumption.
-// This is required and must be an integer from 1 to 32768 that is also a power
-// of 2.
-func WithQueueSize(queueSize int) Option {
-	return func(o *optionValues) { o.queueSize = queueSize }
-}
-
-// WithBackendFD returns an [Option] that sets the file descriptor of the
-// backend that will be used for the queues of the device. The device will write
-// and read packets to/from that backend. The file descriptor can either be of a
-// RAW socket or TUN/TAP device.
-// Either this or [WithBackendDevice] is required.
-func WithBackendFD(backendFD int) Option {
-	return func(o *optionValues) { o.backendFD = backendFD }
-}
-
-//// WithBackendDevice returns an [Option] that sets the given TAP device as the
-//// backend that will be used for the queues of the device. The device will
-//// write and read packets to/from that backend. The TAP device should have been
-//// created with the [tuntap.WithVirtioNetHdr] option enabled.
-//// Either this or [WithBackendFD] is required.
-//func WithBackendDevice(dev *tuntap.Device) Option {
-//	return func(o *optionValues) { o.backendFD = int(dev.File().Fd()) }
-//}

overlay/virtqueue/README.md

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-Significant portions of this code are derived from https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/hetznercloud/virtio-go
-
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2025 Hetzner Cloud GmbH
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

overlay/virtqueue/available_ring.go

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"unsafe"
-)
-
-// availableRingFlag is a flag that describes an [AvailableRing].
-type availableRingFlag uint16
-
-const (
-	// availableRingFlagNoInterrupt is used by the guest to advise the host to
-	// not interrupt it when consuming a buffer. It's unreliable, so it's simply
-	// an optimization.
-	availableRingFlagNoInterrupt availableRingFlag = 1 << iota
-)
-
-// availableRingSize is the number of bytes needed to store an [AvailableRing]
-// with the given queue size in memory.
-func availableRingSize(queueSize int) int {
-	return 6 + 2*queueSize
-}
-
-// availableRingAlignment is the minimum alignment of an [AvailableRing]
-// in memory, as required by the virtio spec.
-const availableRingAlignment = 2
-
-// AvailableRing is used by the driver to offer descriptor chains to the device.
-// Each ring entry refers to the head of a descriptor chain. It is only written
-// to by the driver and read by the device.
-//
-// Because the size of the ring depends on the queue size, we cannot define a
-// Go struct with a static size that maps to the memory of the ring. Instead,
-// this struct only contains pointers to the corresponding memory areas.
-type AvailableRing struct {
-	initialized bool
-
-	// flags that describe this ring.
-	flags *availableRingFlag
-	// ringIndex indicates where the driver would put the next entry into the
-	// ring (modulo the queue size).
-	ringIndex *uint16
-	// ring references buffers using the index of the head of the descriptor
-	// chain in the [DescriptorTable]. It wraps around at queue size.
-	ring []uint16
-	// usedEvent is not used by this implementation, but we reserve it anyway to
-	// avoid issues in case a device may try to access it, contrary to the
-	// virtio specification.
-	usedEvent *uint16
-}
-
-// newAvailableRing creates an available ring that uses the given underlying
-// memory. The length of the memory slice must match the size needed for the
-// ring (see [availableRingSize]) for the given queue size.
-func newAvailableRing(queueSize int, mem []byte) *AvailableRing {
-	ringSize := availableRingSize(queueSize)
-	if len(mem) != ringSize {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("memory size (%v) does not match required size "+
-			"for available ring: %v", len(mem), ringSize))
-	}
-
-	return &AvailableRing{
-		initialized: true,
-		flags:       (*availableRingFlag)(unsafe.Pointer(&mem[0])),
-		ringIndex:   (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&mem[2])),
-		ring:        unsafe.Slice((*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&mem[4])), queueSize),
-		usedEvent:   (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&mem[ringSize-2])),
-	}
-}
-
-// Address returns the pointer to the beginning of the ring in memory.
-// Do not modify the memory directly to not interfere with this implementation.
-func (r *AvailableRing) Address() uintptr {
-	if !r.initialized {
-		panic("available ring is not initialized")
-	}
-	return uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(r.flags))
-}
-
-// offer adds the given descriptor chain heads to the available ring and
-// advances the ring index accordingly to make the device process the new
-// descriptor chains.
-func (r *AvailableRing) offerElements(chains []UsedElement) {
-	//always called under lock
-	//r.mu.Lock()
-	//defer r.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Add descriptor chain heads to the ring.
-	for offset, x := range chains {
-		// The 16-bit ring index may overflow. This is expected and is not an
-		// issue because the size of the ring array (which equals the queue
-		// size) is always a power of 2 and smaller than the highest possible
-		// 16-bit value.
-		insertIndex := int(*r.ringIndex+uint16(offset)) % len(r.ring)
-		r.ring[insertIndex] = x.GetHead()
-	}
-
-	// Increase the ring index by the number of descriptor chains added to the
-	// ring.
-	*r.ringIndex += uint16(len(chains))
-}
-
-func (r *AvailableRing) offer(chains []uint16) {
-	//always called under lock
-	//r.mu.Lock()
-	//defer r.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Add descriptor chain heads to the ring.
-	for offset, x := range chains {
-		// The 16-bit ring index may overflow. This is expected and is not an
-		// issue because the size of the ring array (which equals the queue
-		// size) is always a power of 2 and smaller than the highest possible
-		// 16-bit value.
-		insertIndex := int(*r.ringIndex+uint16(offset)) % len(r.ring)
-		r.ring[insertIndex] = x
-	}
-
-	// Increase the ring index by the number of descriptor chains added to the
-	// ring.
-	*r.ringIndex += uint16(len(chains))
-}
-
-func (r *AvailableRing) offerSingle(x uint16) {
-	//always called under lock
-	//r.mu.Lock()
-	//defer r.mu.Unlock()
-
-	offset := 0
-	// Add descriptor chain heads to the ring.
-
-	// The 16-bit ring index may overflow. This is expected and is not an
-	// issue because the size of the ring array (which equals the queue
-	// size) is always a power of 2 and smaller than the highest possible
-	// 16-bit value.
-	insertIndex := int(*r.ringIndex+uint16(offset)) % len(r.ring)
-	r.ring[insertIndex] = x
-
-	// Increase the ring index by the number of descriptor chains added to the ring.
-	*r.ringIndex += 1
-}

overlay/virtqueue/available_ring_internal_test.go

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestAvailableRing_MemoryLayout(t *testing.T) {
-	const queueSize = 2
-
-	memory := make([]byte, availableRingSize(queueSize))
-	r := newAvailableRing(queueSize, memory)
-
-	*r.flags = 0x01ff
-	*r.ringIndex = 1
-	r.ring[0] = 0x1234
-	r.ring[1] = 0x5678
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte{
-		0xff, 0x01,
-		0x01, 0x00,
-		0x34, 0x12,
-		0x78, 0x56,
-		0x00, 0x00,
-	}, memory)
-}
-
-func TestAvailableRing_Offer(t *testing.T) {
-	const queueSize = 8
-
-	chainHeads := []uint16{42, 33, 69}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name              string
-		startRingIndex    uint16
-		expectedRingIndex uint16
-		expectedRing      []uint16
-	}{
-		{
-			name:              "no overflow",
-			startRingIndex:    0,
-			expectedRingIndex: 3,
-			expectedRing:      []uint16{42, 33, 69, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-		},
-		{
-			name:              "ring overflow",
-			startRingIndex:    6,
-			expectedRingIndex: 9,
-			expectedRing:      []uint16{69, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42, 33},
-		},
-		{
-			name:              "index overflow",
-			startRingIndex:    65535,
-			expectedRingIndex: 2,
-			expectedRing:      []uint16{33, 69, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 42},
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			memory := make([]byte, availableRingSize(queueSize))
-			r := newAvailableRing(queueSize, memory)
-			*r.ringIndex = tt.startRingIndex
-
-			r.offer(chainHeads)
-
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedRingIndex, *r.ringIndex)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedRing, r.ring)
-		})
-	}
-}

overlay/virtqueue/descriptor.go

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-// descriptorFlag is a flag that describes a [Descriptor].
-type descriptorFlag uint16
-
-const (
-	// descriptorFlagHasNext marks a descriptor chain as continuing via the next
-	// field.
-	descriptorFlagHasNext descriptorFlag = 1 << iota
-	// descriptorFlagWritable marks a buffer as device write-only (otherwise
-	// device read-only).
-	descriptorFlagWritable
-	// descriptorFlagIndirect means the buffer contains a list of buffer
-	// descriptors to provide an additional layer of indirection.
-	// Only allowed when the [virtio.FeatureIndirectDescriptors] feature was
-	// negotiated.
-	descriptorFlagIndirect
-)
-
-// descriptorSize is the number of bytes needed to store a [Descriptor] in
-// memory.
-const descriptorSize = 16
-
-// Descriptor describes (a part of) a buffer which is either read-only for the
-// device or write-only for the device (depending on [descriptorFlagWritable]).
-// Multiple descriptors can be chained to produce a "descriptor chain" that can
-// contain both device-readable and device-writable buffers. Device-readable
-// descriptors always come first in a chain. A single, large buffer may be
-// split up by chaining multiple similar descriptors that reference different
-// memory pages. This is required, because buffers may exceed a single page size
-// and the memory accessed by the device is expected to be continuous.
-type Descriptor struct {
-	// address is the address to the continuous memory holding the data for this
-	// descriptor.
-	address uintptr
-	// length is the amount of bytes stored at address.
-	length uint32
-	// flags that describe this descriptor.
-	flags descriptorFlag
-	// next contains the index of the next descriptor continuing this descriptor
-	// chain when the [descriptorFlagHasNext] flag is set.
-	next uint16
-}

overlay/virtqueue/descriptor_internal_test.go

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestDescriptor_Size(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.EqualValues(t, descriptorSize, unsafe.Sizeof(Descriptor{}))
-}

overlay/virtqueue/descriptor_table.go

@@ -1,641 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"math"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-var (
-	// ErrDescriptorChainEmpty is returned when a descriptor chain would contain
-	// no buffers, which is not allowed.
-	ErrDescriptorChainEmpty = errors.New("empty descriptor chains are not allowed")
-
-	// ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors is returned when the free descriptors are
-	// exhausted, meaning that the queue is full.
-	ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors = errors.New("not enough free descriptors, queue is full")
-
-	// ErrInvalidDescriptorChain is returned when a descriptor chain is not
-	// valid for a given operation.
-	ErrInvalidDescriptorChain = errors.New("invalid descriptor chain")
-)
-
-// noFreeHead is used to mark when all descriptors are in use and we have no
-// free chain. This value is impossible to occur as an index naturally, because
-// it exceeds the maximum queue size.
-const noFreeHead = uint16(math.MaxUint16)
-
-// descriptorTableSize is the number of bytes needed to store a
-// [DescriptorTable] with the given queue size in memory.
-func descriptorTableSize(queueSize int) int {
-	return descriptorSize * queueSize
-}
-
-// descriptorTableAlignment is the minimum alignment of a [DescriptorTable]
-// in memory, as required by the virtio spec.
-const descriptorTableAlignment = 16
-
-// DescriptorTable is a table that holds [Descriptor]s, addressed via their
-// index in the slice.
-type DescriptorTable struct {
-	descriptors []Descriptor
-
-	// freeHeadIndex is the index of the head of the descriptor chain which
-	// contains all currently unused descriptors. When all descriptors are in
-	// use, this has the special value of noFreeHead.
-	freeHeadIndex uint16
-	// freeNum tracks the number of descriptors which are currently not in use.
-	freeNum uint16
-
-	bufferBase uintptr
-	bufferSize int
-	itemSize   int
-}
-
-// newDescriptorTable creates a descriptor table that uses the given underlying
-// memory. The Length of the memory slice must match the size needed for the
-// descriptor table (see [descriptorTableSize]) for the given queue size.
-//
-// Before this descriptor table can be used, [initialize] must be called.
-func newDescriptorTable(queueSize int, mem []byte, itemSize int) *DescriptorTable {
-	dtSize := descriptorTableSize(queueSize)
-	if len(mem) != dtSize {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("memory size (%v) does not match required size "+
-			"for descriptor table: %v", len(mem), dtSize))
-	}
-
-	return &DescriptorTable{
-		descriptors: unsafe.Slice((*Descriptor)(unsafe.Pointer(&mem[0])), queueSize),
-		// We have no free descriptors until they were initialized.
-		freeHeadIndex: noFreeHead,
-		freeNum:       0,
-		itemSize:      itemSize, //todo configurable? needs to be page-aligned
-	}
-}
-
-// Address returns the pointer to the beginning of the descriptor table in
-// memory. Do not modify the memory directly to not interfere with this
-// implementation.
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) Address() uintptr {
-	if dt.descriptors == nil {
-		panic("descriptor table is not initialized")
-	}
-	//should be same as dt.bufferBase
-	return uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&dt.descriptors[0]))
-}
-
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) Size() uintptr {
-	if dt.descriptors == nil {
-		panic("descriptor table is not initialized")
-	}
-	return uintptr(dt.bufferSize)
-}
-
-// BufferAddresses returns a map of pointer->size for all allocations used by the table
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) BufferAddresses() map[uintptr]int {
-	if dt.descriptors == nil {
-		panic("descriptor table is not initialized")
-	}
-
-	return map[uintptr]int{dt.bufferBase: dt.bufferSize}
-}
-
-// initializeDescriptors allocates buffers with the size of a full memory page
-// for each descriptor in the table. While this may be a bit wasteful, it makes
-// dealing with descriptors way easier. Without this preallocation, we would
-// have to allocate and free memory on demand, increasing complexity.
-//
-// All descriptors will be marked as free and will form a free chain. The
-// addresses of all descriptors will be populated while their length remains
-// zero.
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) initializeDescriptors() error {
-	numDescriptors := len(dt.descriptors)
-
-	// Allocate ONE large region for all buffers
-	totalSize := dt.itemSize * numDescriptors
-	basePtr, err := unix.MmapPtr(-1, 0, nil, uintptr(totalSize),
-		unix.PROT_READ|unix.PROT_WRITE,
-		unix.MAP_PRIVATE|unix.MAP_ANONYMOUS)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("allocate buffer memory for descriptors: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Store the base for cleanup later
-	dt.bufferBase = uintptr(basePtr)
-	dt.bufferSize = totalSize
-
-	for i := range dt.descriptors {
-		dt.descriptors[i] = Descriptor{
-			address: dt.bufferBase + uintptr(i*dt.itemSize),
-			length:  0,
-			// All descriptors should form a free chain that loops around.
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  uint16((i + 1) % len(dt.descriptors)),
-		}
-	}
-
-	// All descriptors are free to use now.
-	dt.freeHeadIndex = 0
-	dt.freeNum = uint16(len(dt.descriptors))
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// releaseBuffers releases all allocated buffers for this descriptor table.
-// The implementation will try to release as many buffers as possible and
-// collect potential errors before returning them.
-// The descriptor table should no longer be used after calling this.
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) releaseBuffers() error {
-	for i := range dt.descriptors {
-		descriptor := &dt.descriptors[i]
-		descriptor.address = 0
-	}
-
-	// As a safety measure, make sure no descriptors can be used anymore.
-	dt.freeHeadIndex = noFreeHead
-	dt.freeNum = 0
-
-	if dt.bufferBase != 0 {
-		// The pointer points to memory not managed by Go, so this conversion
-		// is safe. See https://github.com/golang/go/issues/58625
-		dt.bufferBase = 0
-		//goland:noinspection GoVetUnsafePointer
-		err := unix.MunmapPtr(unsafe.Pointer(dt.bufferBase), uintptr(dt.bufferSize))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("release buffer memory: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// createDescriptorChain creates a new descriptor chain within the descriptor
-// table which contains a number of device-readable buffers (out buffers) and
-// device-writable buffers (in buffers).
-//
-// All buffers in the outBuffers slice will be concatenated by chaining
-// descriptors, one for each buffer in the slice. The size of the single buffers
-// must not exceed the size of a memory page (see [os.Getpagesize]).
-// When numInBuffers is greater than zero, the given number of device-writable
-// descriptors will be appended to the end of the chain, each referencing a
-// whole memory page.
-//
-// The index of the head of the new descriptor chain will be returned. Callers
-// should make sure to free the descriptor chain using [freeDescriptorChain]
-// after it was used by the device.
-//
-// When there are not enough free descriptors to hold the given number of
-// buffers, an [ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors] will be returned. In this case, the
-// caller should try again after some descriptor chains were used by the device
-// and returned back into the free chain.
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) createDescriptorChain(outBuffers [][]byte, numInBuffers int) (uint16, error) {
-	// Calculate the number of descriptors needed to build the chain.
-	numDesc := uint16(len(outBuffers) + numInBuffers)
-
-	// Descriptor chains must always contain at least one descriptor.
-	if numDesc < 1 {
-		return 0, ErrDescriptorChainEmpty
-	}
-
-	// Do we still have enough free descriptors?
-	if numDesc > dt.freeNum {
-		return 0, ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors
-	}
-
-	// Above validation ensured that there is at least one free descriptor, so
-	// the free descriptor chain head should be valid.
-	if dt.freeHeadIndex == noFreeHead {
-		panic("free descriptor chain head is unset but there should be free descriptors")
-	}
-
-	// To avoid having to iterate over the whole table to find the descriptor
-	// pointing to the head just to replace the free head, we instead always
-	// create descriptor chains from the descriptors coming after the head.
-	// This way we only have to touch the head as a last resort, when all other
-	// descriptors are already used.
-	head := dt.descriptors[dt.freeHeadIndex].next
-	next := head
-	tail := head
-	for i, buffer := range outBuffers {
-		desc := &dt.descriptors[next]
-		checkUnusedDescriptorLength(next, desc)
-
-		if len(buffer) > dt.itemSize {
-			// The caller should already prevent that from happening.
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("out buffer %d has size %d which exceeds desc length %d", i, len(buffer), dt.itemSize))
-		}
-
-		// Copy the buffer to the memory referenced by the descriptor.
-		// The descriptor address points to memory not managed by Go, so this
-		// conversion is safe. See https://github.com/golang/go/issues/58625
-		//goland:noinspection GoVetUnsafePointer
-		copy(unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(desc.address)), dt.itemSize), buffer)
-		desc.length = uint32(len(buffer))
-
-		// Clear the flags in case there were any others set.
-		desc.flags = descriptorFlagHasNext
-
-		tail = next
-		next = desc.next
-	}
-	for range numInBuffers {
-		desc := &dt.descriptors[next]
-		checkUnusedDescriptorLength(next, desc)
-
-		// Give the device the maximum available number of bytes to write into.
-		desc.length = uint32(dt.itemSize)
-
-		// Mark the descriptor as device-writable.
-		desc.flags = descriptorFlagHasNext | descriptorFlagWritable
-
-		tail = next
-		next = desc.next
-	}
-
-	// The last descriptor should end the chain.
-	tailDesc := &dt.descriptors[tail]
-	tailDesc.flags &= ^descriptorFlagHasNext
-	tailDesc.next = 0 // Not necessary to clear this, it's just for looks.
-
-	dt.freeNum -= numDesc
-
-	if dt.freeNum == 0 {
-		// The last descriptor in the chain should be the free chain head
-		// itself.
-		if tail != dt.freeHeadIndex {
-			panic("descriptor chain takes up all free descriptors but does not end with the free chain head")
-		}
-
-		// When this new chain takes up all remaining descriptors, we no longer
-		// have a free chain.
-		dt.freeHeadIndex = noFreeHead
-	} else {
-		// We took some descriptors out of the free chain, so make sure to close
-		// the circle again.
-		dt.descriptors[dt.freeHeadIndex].next = next
-	}
-
-	return head, nil
-}
-
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) CreateDescriptorForOutputs() (uint16, error) {
-	//todo just fill the damn table
-	// Do we still have enough free descriptors?
-
-	if 1 > dt.freeNum {
-		return 0, ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors
-	}
-
-	// Above validation ensured that there is at least one free descriptor, so
-	// the free descriptor chain head should be valid.
-	if dt.freeHeadIndex == noFreeHead {
-		panic("free descriptor chain head is unset but there should be free descriptors")
-	}
-
-	// To avoid having to iterate over the whole table to find the descriptor
-	// pointing to the head just to replace the free head, we instead always
-	// create descriptor chains from the descriptors coming after the head.
-	// This way we only have to touch the head as a last resort, when all other
-	// descriptors are already used.
-	head := dt.descriptors[dt.freeHeadIndex].next
-	desc := &dt.descriptors[head]
-	next := desc.next
-
-	checkUnusedDescriptorLength(head, desc)
-
-	// Give the device the maximum available number of bytes to write into.
-	desc.length = uint32(dt.itemSize)
-	desc.flags = 0 // descriptorFlagWritable
-	desc.next = 0  // Not necessary to clear this, it's just for looks.
-
-	dt.freeNum -= 1
-
-	if dt.freeNum == 0 {
-		// The last descriptor in the chain should be the free chain head
-		// itself.
-		if next != dt.freeHeadIndex {
-			panic("descriptor chain takes up all free descriptors but does not end with the free chain head")
-		}
-
-		// When this new chain takes up all remaining descriptors, we no longer
-		// have a free chain.
-		dt.freeHeadIndex = noFreeHead
-	} else {
-		// We took some descriptors out of the free chain, so make sure to close
-		// the circle again.
-		dt.descriptors[dt.freeHeadIndex].next = next
-	}
-
-	return head, nil
-}
-
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) createDescriptorForInputs() (uint16, error) {
-	// Do we still have enough free descriptors?
-	if 1 > dt.freeNum {
-		return 0, ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors
-	}
-
-	// Above validation ensured that there is at least one free descriptor, so
-	// the free descriptor chain head should be valid.
-	if dt.freeHeadIndex == noFreeHead {
-		panic("free descriptor chain head is unset but there should be free descriptors")
-	}
-
-	// To avoid having to iterate over the whole table to find the descriptor
-	// pointing to the head just to replace the free head, we instead always
-	// create descriptor chains from the descriptors coming after the head.
-	// This way we only have to touch the head as a last resort, when all other
-	// descriptors are already used.
-	head := dt.descriptors[dt.freeHeadIndex].next
-	desc := &dt.descriptors[head]
-	next := desc.next
-
-	checkUnusedDescriptorLength(head, desc)
-
-	// Give the device the maximum available number of bytes to write into.
-	desc.length = uint32(dt.itemSize)
-	desc.flags = descriptorFlagWritable
-	desc.next = 0 // Not necessary to clear this, it's just for looks.
-
-	dt.freeNum -= 1
-
-	if dt.freeNum == 0 {
-		// The last descriptor in the chain should be the free chain head
-		// itself.
-		if next != dt.freeHeadIndex {
-			panic("descriptor chain takes up all free descriptors but does not end with the free chain head")
-		}
-
-		// When this new chain takes up all remaining descriptors, we no longer
-		// have a free chain.
-		dt.freeHeadIndex = noFreeHead
-	} else {
-		// We took some descriptors out of the free chain, so make sure to close
-		// the circle again.
-		dt.descriptors[dt.freeHeadIndex].next = next
-	}
-
-	return head, nil
-}
-
-// TODO: Implement a zero-copy variant of createDescriptorChain?
-
-// getDescriptorChain returns the device-readable buffers (out buffers) and
-// device-writable buffers (in buffers) of the descriptor chain that starts with
-// the given head index. The descriptor chain must have been created using
-// [createDescriptorChain] and must not have been freed yet (meaning that the
-// head index must not be contained in the free chain).
-//
-// Be careful to only access the returned buffer slices when the device has not
-// yet or is no longer using them. They must not be accessed after
-// [freeDescriptorChain] has been called.
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) getDescriptorChain(head uint16) (outBuffers, inBuffers [][]byte, err error) {
-	if int(head) > len(dt.descriptors) {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: index out of range", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-	}
-
-	// Iterate over the chain. The iteration is limited to the queue size to
-	// avoid ending up in an endless loop when things go very wrong.
-	next := head
-	for range len(dt.descriptors) {
-		if next == dt.freeHeadIndex {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: must not be part of the free chain", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-		}
-
-		desc := &dt.descriptors[next]
-
-		// The descriptor address points to memory not managed by Go, so this
-		// conversion is safe. See https://github.com/golang/go/issues/58625
-		//goland:noinspection GoVetUnsafePointer
-		bs := unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(desc.address)), desc.length)
-
-		if desc.flags&descriptorFlagWritable == 0 {
-			outBuffers = append(outBuffers, bs)
-		} else {
-			inBuffers = append(inBuffers, bs)
-		}
-
-		// Is this the tail of the chain?
-		if desc.flags&descriptorFlagHasNext == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-
-		// Detect loops.
-		if desc.next == head {
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: contains a loop", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-		}
-
-		next = desc.next
-	}
-
-	return
-}
-
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) getDescriptorItem(head uint16) ([]byte, error) {
-	if int(head) > len(dt.descriptors) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: index out of range", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-	}
-
-	desc := &dt.descriptors[head] //todo this is a pretty nasty hack with no checks
-
-	// The descriptor address points to memory not managed by Go, so this
-	// conversion is safe. See https://github.com/golang/go/issues/58625
-	//goland:noinspection GoVetUnsafePointer
-	bs := unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(desc.address)), desc.length)
-	return bs, nil
-}
-
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) getDescriptorInbuffers(head uint16, inBuffers *[][]byte) error {
-	if int(head) > len(dt.descriptors) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: index out of range", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-	}
-
-	// Iterate over the chain. The iteration is limited to the queue size to
-	// avoid ending up in an endless loop when things go very wrong.
-	next := head
-	for range len(dt.descriptors) {
-		if next == dt.freeHeadIndex {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: must not be part of the free chain", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-		}
-
-		desc := &dt.descriptors[next]
-
-		// The descriptor address points to memory not managed by Go, so this
-		// conversion is safe. See https://github.com/golang/go/issues/58625
-		//goland:noinspection GoVetUnsafePointer
-		bs := unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(desc.address)), desc.length)
-
-		if desc.flags&descriptorFlagWritable == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("there should not be an outbuffer in %d", head)
-		} else {
-			*inBuffers = append(*inBuffers, bs)
-		}
-
-		// Is this the tail of the chain?
-		if desc.flags&descriptorFlagHasNext == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-
-		// Detect loops.
-		if desc.next == head {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: contains a loop", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-		}
-
-		next = desc.next
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) getDescriptorChainContents(head uint16, out []byte, maxLen int) (int, error) {
-	if int(head) > len(dt.descriptors) {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: index out of range", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-	}
-
-	// Iterate over the chain. The iteration is limited to the queue size to
-	// avoid ending up in an endless loop when things go very wrong.
-
-	length := 0
-	//find length
-	next := head
-	for range len(dt.descriptors) {
-		if next == dt.freeHeadIndex {
-			return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: must not be part of the free chain", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-		}
-
-		desc := &dt.descriptors[next]
-
-		if desc.flags&descriptorFlagWritable == 0 {
-			return 0, fmt.Errorf("receive queue contains device-readable buffer")
-		}
-		length += int(desc.length)
-
-		// Is this the tail of the chain?
-		if desc.flags&descriptorFlagHasNext == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-
-		// Detect loops.
-		if desc.next == head {
-			return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: contains a loop", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-		}
-
-		next = desc.next
-	}
-	if maxLen > 0 {
-		//todo length = min(maxLen, length)
-	}
-	//set out to length:
-	out = out[:length]
-
-	//now do the copying
-	copied := 0
-	for range len(dt.descriptors) {
-		desc := &dt.descriptors[next]
-
-		// The descriptor address points to memory not managed by Go, so this
-		// conversion is safe. See https://github.com/golang/go/issues/58625
-		//goland:noinspection GoVetUnsafePointer
-		bs := unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(desc.address)), min(uint32(length-copied), desc.length))
-		copied += copy(out[copied:], bs)
-
-		// Is this the tail of the chain?
-		if desc.flags&descriptorFlagHasNext == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-
-		// we did this already, no need to detect loops.
-		next = desc.next
-	}
-	if copied != length {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("expected to copy %d bytes but only copied %d bytes", length, copied))
-	}
-
-	return length, nil
-}
-
-// freeDescriptorChain can be used to free a descriptor chain when it is no
-// longer in use. The descriptor chain that starts with the given index will be
-// put back into the free chain, so the descriptors can be used for later calls
-// of [createDescriptorChain].
-// The descriptor chain must have been created using [createDescriptorChain] and
-// must not have been freed yet (meaning that the head index must not be
-// contained in the free chain).
-func (dt *DescriptorTable) freeDescriptorChain(head uint16) error {
-	if int(head) > len(dt.descriptors) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: index out of range", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-	}
-
-	// Iterate over the chain. The iteration is limited to the queue size to
-	// avoid ending up in an endless loop when things go very wrong.
-	next := head
-	var tailDesc *Descriptor
-	var chainLen uint16
-	for range len(dt.descriptors) {
-		if next == dt.freeHeadIndex {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: must not be part of the free chain", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-		}
-
-		desc := &dt.descriptors[next]
-		chainLen++
-
-		// Set the length of all unused descriptors back to zero.
-		desc.length = 0
-
-		// Unset all flags except the next flag.
-		desc.flags &= descriptorFlagHasNext
-
-		// Is this the tail of the chain?
-		if desc.flags&descriptorFlagHasNext == 0 {
-			tailDesc = desc
-			break
-		}
-
-		// Detect loops.
-		if desc.next == head {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: contains a loop", ErrInvalidDescriptorChain)
-		}
-
-		next = desc.next
-	}
-	if tailDesc == nil {
-		// A descriptor chain longer than the queue size but without loops
-		// should be impossible.
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("could not find a tail for descriptor chain starting at %d", head))
-	}
-
-	// The tail descriptor does not have the next flag set, but when it comes
-	// back into the free chain, it should have.
-	tailDesc.flags = descriptorFlagHasNext
-
-	if dt.freeHeadIndex == noFreeHead {
-		// The whole free chain was used up, so we turn this returned descriptor
-		// chain into the new free chain by completing the circle and using its
-		// head.
-		tailDesc.next = head
-		dt.freeHeadIndex = head
-	} else {
-		// Attach the returned chain at the beginning of the free chain but
-		// right after the free chain head.
-		freeHeadDesc := &dt.descriptors[dt.freeHeadIndex]
-		tailDesc.next = freeHeadDesc.next
-		freeHeadDesc.next = head
-	}
-
-	dt.freeNum += chainLen
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// checkUnusedDescriptorLength asserts that the length of an unused descriptor
-// is zero, as it should be.
-// This is not a requirement by the virtio spec but rather a thing we do to
-// notice when our algorithm goes sideways.
-func checkUnusedDescriptorLength(index uint16, desc *Descriptor) {
-	if desc.length != 0 {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("descriptor %d should be unused but has a non-zero length", index))
-	}
-}

overlay/virtqueue/descriptor_table_internal_test.go

@@ -1,407 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"testing"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestDescriptorTable_InitializeDescriptors(t *testing.T) {
-	const queueSize = 32
-
-	dt := DescriptorTable{
-		descriptors: make([]Descriptor, queueSize),
-	}
-
-	assert.NoError(t, dt.initializeDescriptors())
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		assert.NoError(t, dt.releaseBuffers())
-	})
-
-	for i, descriptor := range dt.descriptors {
-		assert.NotZero(t, descriptor.address)
-		assert.Zero(t, descriptor.length)
-		assert.EqualValues(t, descriptorFlagHasNext, descriptor.flags)
-		assert.EqualValues(t, (i+1)%queueSize, descriptor.next)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDescriptorTable_DescriptorChains(t *testing.T) {
-	// Use a very short queue size to not make this test overly verbose.
-	const queueSize = 8
-
-	pageSize := os.Getpagesize() * 2
-
-	// Initialize descriptor table.
-	dt := DescriptorTable{
-		descriptors: make([]Descriptor, queueSize),
-	}
-	assert.NoError(t, dt.initializeDescriptors())
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		assert.NoError(t, dt.releaseBuffers())
-	})
-
-	// Some utilities for easier checking if the descriptor table looks as
-	// expected.
-	type desc struct {
-		buffer []byte
-		flags  descriptorFlag
-		next   uint16
-	}
-	assertDescriptorTable := func(expected [queueSize]desc) {
-		for i := 0; i < queueSize; i++ {
-			actualDesc := &dt.descriptors[i]
-			expectedDesc := &expected[i]
-			assert.Equal(t, uint32(len(expectedDesc.buffer)), actualDesc.length)
-			if len(expectedDesc.buffer) > 0 {
-				//goland:noinspection GoVetUnsafePointer
-				assert.EqualValues(t,
-					unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(actualDesc.address)), actualDesc.length),
-					expectedDesc.buffer)
-			}
-			assert.Equal(t, expectedDesc.flags, actualDesc.flags)
-			if expectedDesc.flags&descriptorFlagHasNext != 0 {
-				assert.Equal(t, expectedDesc.next, actualDesc.next)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Initial state: All descriptors are in the free chain.
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(0), dt.freeHeadIndex)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(8), dt.freeNum)
-	assertDescriptorTable([queueSize]desc{
-		{
-			// Free head.
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  1,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  2,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  3,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  4,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  5,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  6,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  7,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  0,
-		},
-	})
-
-	// Create the first chain.
-	firstChain, err := dt.createDescriptorChain([][]byte{
-		makeTestBuffer(t, 26),
-		makeTestBuffer(t, 256),
-	}, 1)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(1), firstChain)
-
-	// Now there should be a new chain next to the free chain.
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(0), dt.freeHeadIndex)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(5), dt.freeNum)
-	assertDescriptorTable([queueSize]desc{
-		{
-			// Free head.
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  4,
-		},
-		{
-			// Head of first chain.
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 26),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:   2,
-		},
-		{
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 256),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:   3,
-		},
-		{
-			// Tail of first chain.
-			buffer: make([]byte, pageSize),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagWritable,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  5,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  6,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  7,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  0,
-		},
-	})
-
-	// Create a second chain with only a single in buffer.
-	secondChain, err := dt.createDescriptorChain(nil, 1)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(4), secondChain)
-
-	// Now there should be two chains next to the free chain.
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(0), dt.freeHeadIndex)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(4), dt.freeNum)
-	assertDescriptorTable([queueSize]desc{
-		{
-			// Free head.
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  5,
-		},
-		{
-			// Head of the first chain.
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 26),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:   2,
-		},
-		{
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 256),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:   3,
-		},
-		{
-			// Tail of the first chain.
-			buffer: make([]byte, pageSize),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagWritable,
-		},
-		{
-			// Head and tail of the second chain.
-			buffer: make([]byte, pageSize),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagWritable,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  6,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  7,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  0,
-		},
-	})
-
-	// Create a third chain taking up all remaining descriptors.
-	thirdChain, err := dt.createDescriptorChain([][]byte{
-		makeTestBuffer(t, 42),
-		makeTestBuffer(t, 96),
-		makeTestBuffer(t, 33),
-		makeTestBuffer(t, 222),
-	}, 0)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(5), thirdChain)
-
-	// Now there should be three chains and no free chain.
-	assert.Equal(t, noFreeHead, dt.freeHeadIndex)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(0), dt.freeNum)
-	assertDescriptorTable([queueSize]desc{
-		{
-			// Tail of the third chain.
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 222),
-		},
-		{
-			// Head of the first chain.
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 26),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:   2,
-		},
-		{
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 256),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:   3,
-		},
-		{
-			// Tail of the first chain.
-			buffer: make([]byte, pageSize),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagWritable,
-		},
-		{
-			// Head and tail of the second chain.
-			buffer: make([]byte, pageSize),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagWritable,
-		},
-		{
-			// Head of the third chain.
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 42),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:   6,
-		},
-		{
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 96),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:   7,
-		},
-		{
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 33),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:   0,
-		},
-	})
-
-	// Free the third chain.
-	assert.NoError(t, dt.freeDescriptorChain(thirdChain))
-
-	// Now there should be two chains and a free chain again.
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(5), dt.freeHeadIndex)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(4), dt.freeNum)
-	assertDescriptorTable([queueSize]desc{
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  5,
-		},
-		{
-			// Head of the first chain.
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 26),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:   2,
-		},
-		{
-			buffer: makeTestBuffer(t, 256),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:   3,
-		},
-		{
-			// Tail of the first chain.
-			buffer: make([]byte, pageSize),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagWritable,
-		},
-		{
-			// Head and tail of the second chain.
-			buffer: make([]byte, pageSize),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagWritable,
-		},
-		{
-			// Free head.
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  6,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  7,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  0,
-		},
-	})
-
-	// Free the first chain.
-	assert.NoError(t, dt.freeDescriptorChain(firstChain))
-
-	// Now there should be only a single chain next to the free chain.
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(5), dt.freeHeadIndex)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(7), dt.freeNum)
-	assertDescriptorTable([queueSize]desc{
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  5,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  2,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  3,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  6,
-		},
-		{
-			// Head and tail of the second chain.
-			buffer: make([]byte, pageSize),
-			flags:  descriptorFlagWritable,
-		},
-		{
-			// Free head.
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  1,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  7,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  0,
-		},
-	})
-
-	// Free the second chain.
-	assert.NoError(t, dt.freeDescriptorChain(secondChain))
-
-	// Now all descriptors should be in the free chain again.
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(5), dt.freeHeadIndex)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(8), dt.freeNum)
-	assertDescriptorTable([queueSize]desc{
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  5,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  2,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  3,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  6,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  1,
-		},
-		{
-			// Free head.
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  4,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  7,
-		},
-		{
-			flags: descriptorFlagHasNext,
-			next:  0,
-		},
-	})
-}
-
-func makeTestBuffer(t *testing.T, length int) []byte {
-	t.Helper()
-	buf := make([]byte, length)
-	for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
-		buf[i] = byte(length - i)
-	}
-	return buf
-}

overlay/virtqueue/doc.go

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-// Package virtqueue implements the driver-side for a virtio queue as described
-// in the specification:
-// https://docs.oasis-open.org/virtio/virtio/v1.2/csd01/virtio-v1.2-csd01.html#x1-270006
-// This package does not make assumptions about the device that consumes the
-// queue. It rather just allocates the queue structures in memory and provides
-// methods to interact with it.
-package virtqueue

overlay/virtqueue/eventfd_test.go

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/eventfd"
-)
-
-// Tests how an eventfd and a waiting goroutine can be gracefully closed.
-// Extends the eventfd test suite:
-// https://github.com/google/gvisor/blob/0799336d64be65eb97d330606c30162dc3440cab/pkg/eventfd/eventfd_test.go
-func TestEventFD_CancelWait(t *testing.T) {
-	efd, err := eventfd.Create()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		assert.NoError(t, efd.Close())
-	})
-
-	var stop bool
-
-	done := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		for !stop {
-			_ = efd.Wait()
-		}
-		close(done)
-	}()
-	select {
-	case <-done:
-		t.Fatalf("goroutine ended early")
-	case <-time.After(500 * time.Millisecond):
-	}
-
-	stop = true
-	assert.NoError(t, efd.Notify())
-	select {
-	case <-done:
-		break
-	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
-		t.Error("goroutine did not end")
-	}
-}

overlay/virtqueue/size.go

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-)
-
-// ErrQueueSizeInvalid is returned when a queue size is invalid.
-var ErrQueueSizeInvalid = errors.New("queue size is invalid")
-
-// CheckQueueSize checks if the given value would be a valid size for a
-// virtqueue and returns an [ErrQueueSizeInvalid], if not.
-func CheckQueueSize(queueSize int) error {
-	if queueSize <= 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d is too small", ErrQueueSizeInvalid, queueSize)
-	}
-
-	// The queue size must always be a power of 2.
-	// This ensures that ring indexes wrap correctly when the 16-bit integers
-	// overflow.
-	if queueSize&(queueSize-1) != 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d is not a power of 2", ErrQueueSizeInvalid, queueSize)
-	}
-
-	// The largest power of 2 that fits into a 16-bit integer is 32768.
-	// 2 * 32768 would be 65536 which no longer fits.
-	if queueSize > 32768 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d is larger than the maximum possible queue size 32768",
-			ErrQueueSizeInvalid, queueSize)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}

overlay/virtqueue/size_test.go

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestCheckQueueSize(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		queueSize   int
-		containsErr string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:        "negative",
-			queueSize:   -1,
-			containsErr: "too small",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "zero",
-			queueSize:   0,
-			containsErr: "too small",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "not a power of 2",
-			queueSize:   24,
-			containsErr: "not a power of 2",
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "too large",
-			queueSize:   65536,
-			containsErr: "larger than the maximum",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "valid 1",
-			queueSize: 1,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "valid 256",
-			queueSize: 256,
-		},
-
-		{
-			name:      "valid 32768",
-			queueSize: 32768,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := CheckQueueSize(tt.queueSize)
-			if tt.containsErr != "" {
-				assert.ErrorContains(t, err, tt.containsErr)
-			} else {
-				assert.NoError(t, err)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

overlay/virtqueue/split_virtqueue.go

@@ -1,530 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"syscall"
-
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay/eventfd"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-// SplitQueue is a virtqueue that consists of several parts, where each part is
-// writeable by either the driver or the device, but not both.
-type SplitQueue struct {
-	// size is the size of the queue.
-	size int
-	// buf is the underlying memory used for the queue.
-	buf []byte
-
-	descriptorTable *DescriptorTable
-	availableRing   *AvailableRing
-	usedRing        *UsedRing
-
-	// kickEventFD is used to signal the device when descriptor chains were
-	// added to the available ring.
-	kickEventFD eventfd.EventFD
-	// callEventFD is used by the device to signal when it has used descriptor
-	// chains and put them in the used ring.
-	callEventFD eventfd.EventFD
-
-	// stop is used by [SplitQueue.Close] to cancel the goroutine that handles
-	// used buffer notifications. It blocks until the goroutine ended.
-	stop func() error
-
-	itemSize int
-
-	epoll eventfd.Epoll
-	more  int
-}
-
-// NewSplitQueue allocates a new [SplitQueue] in memory. The given queue size
-// specifies the number of entries/buffers the queue can hold. This also affects
-// the memory consumption.
-func NewSplitQueue(queueSize int, itemSize int) (_ *SplitQueue, err error) {
-	if err = CheckQueueSize(queueSize); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if itemSize%os.Getpagesize() != 0 {
-		return nil, errors.New("split queue size must be multiple of os.Getpagesize()")
-	}
-
-	sq := SplitQueue{
-		size:     queueSize,
-		itemSize: itemSize,
-	}
-
-	// Clean up a partially initialized queue when something fails.
-	defer func() {
-		if err != nil {
-			_ = sq.Close()
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// There are multiple ways for how the memory for the virtqueue could be
-	// allocated. We could use Go native structs with arrays inside them, but
-	// this wouldn't allow us to make the queue size configurable. And including
-	// a slice in the Go structs wouldn't work, because this would just put the
-	// Go slice descriptor into the memory region which the virtio device will
-	// not understand.
-	// Additionally, Go does not allow us to ensure a correct alignment of the
-	// parts of the virtqueue, as it is required by the virtio specification.
-	//
-	// To resolve this, let's just allocate the memory manually by allocating
-	// one or more memory pages, depending on the queue size. Making the
-	// virtqueue start at the beginning of a page is not strictly necessary, as
-	// the virtio specification does not require it to be continuous in the
-	// physical memory of the host (e.g. the vhost implementation in the kernel
-	// always uses copy_from_user to access it), but this makes it very easy to
-	// guarantee the alignment. Also, it is not required for the virtqueue parts
-	// to be in the same memory region, as we pass separate pointers to them to
-	// the device, but this design just makes things easier to implement.
-	//
-	// One added benefit of allocating the memory manually is, that we have full
-	// control over its lifetime and don't risk the garbage collector to collect
-	// our valuable structures while the device still works with them.
-
-	// The descriptor table is at the start of the page, so alignment is not an
-	// issue here.
-	descriptorTableStart := 0
-	descriptorTableEnd := descriptorTableStart + descriptorTableSize(queueSize)
-	availableRingStart := align(descriptorTableEnd, availableRingAlignment)
-	availableRingEnd := availableRingStart + availableRingSize(queueSize)
-	usedRingStart := align(availableRingEnd, usedRingAlignment)
-	usedRingEnd := usedRingStart + usedRingSize(queueSize)
-
-	sq.buf, err = unix.Mmap(-1, 0, usedRingEnd,
-		unix.PROT_READ|unix.PROT_WRITE,
-		unix.MAP_PRIVATE|unix.MAP_ANONYMOUS)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("allocate virtqueue buffer: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	sq.descriptorTable = newDescriptorTable(queueSize, sq.buf[descriptorTableStart:descriptorTableEnd], sq.itemSize)
-	sq.availableRing = newAvailableRing(queueSize, sq.buf[availableRingStart:availableRingEnd])
-	sq.usedRing = newUsedRing(queueSize, sq.buf[usedRingStart:usedRingEnd])
-
-	sq.kickEventFD, err = eventfd.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create kick event file descriptor: %w", err)
-	}
-	sq.callEventFD, err = eventfd.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create call event file descriptor: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err = sq.descriptorTable.initializeDescriptors(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("initialize descriptors: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	sq.epoll, err = eventfd.NewEpoll()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	err = sq.epoll.AddEvent(sq.callEventFD.FD())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	// Consume used buffer notifications in the background.
-	sq.stop = sq.startConsumeUsedRing()
-
-	return &sq, nil
-}
-
-// Size returns the size of this queue, which is the number of entries/buffers
-// this queue can hold.
-func (sq *SplitQueue) Size() int {
-	return sq.size
-}
-
-// DescriptorTable returns the [DescriptorTable] behind this queue.
-func (sq *SplitQueue) DescriptorTable() *DescriptorTable {
-	return sq.descriptorTable
-}
-
-// AvailableRing returns the [AvailableRing] behind this queue.
-func (sq *SplitQueue) AvailableRing() *AvailableRing {
-	return sq.availableRing
-}
-
-// UsedRing returns the [UsedRing] behind this queue.
-func (sq *SplitQueue) UsedRing() *UsedRing {
-	return sq.usedRing
-}
-
-// KickEventFD returns the kick event file descriptor behind this queue.
-// The returned file descriptor should be used with great care to not interfere
-// with this implementation.
-func (sq *SplitQueue) KickEventFD() int {
-	return sq.kickEventFD.FD()
-}
-
-// CallEventFD returns the call event file descriptor behind this queue.
-// The returned file descriptor should be used with great care to not interfere
-// with this implementation.
-func (sq *SplitQueue) CallEventFD() int {
-	return sq.callEventFD.FD()
-}
-
-// startConsumeUsedRing starts a goroutine that runs [consumeUsedRing].
-// A function is returned that can be used to gracefully cancel it. todo rename
-func (sq *SplitQueue) startConsumeUsedRing() func() error {
-	return func() error {
-
-		// The goroutine blocks until it receives a signal on the event file
-		// descriptor, so it will never notice the context being canceled.
-		// To resolve this, we can just produce a fake-signal ourselves to wake
-		// it up.
-		if err := sq.callEventFD.Kick(); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("wake up goroutine: %w", err)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// BlockAndGetHeads waits for the device to signal that it has used descriptor chains and returns all [UsedElement]s
-func (sq *SplitQueue) BlockAndGetHeads(ctx context.Context) ([]UsedElement, error) {
-	var n int
-	var err error
-	for ctx.Err() == nil {
-
-		// Wait for a signal from the device.
-		if n, err = sq.epoll.Block(); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("wait: %w", err)
-		}
-		if n > 0 {
-			stillNeedToTake, out := sq.usedRing.take(-1)
-			sq.more = stillNeedToTake
-			if stillNeedToTake == 0 {
-				_ = sq.epoll.Clear() //???
-			}
-			return out, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return nil, ctx.Err()
-}
-
-func (sq *SplitQueue) TakeSingle(ctx context.Context) (uint16, error) {
-	var n int
-	var err error
-	for ctx.Err() == nil {
-		out, ok := sq.usedRing.takeOne()
-		if ok {
-			return out, nil
-		}
-		// Wait for a signal from the device.
-		if n, err = sq.epoll.Block(); err != nil {
-			return 0, fmt.Errorf("wait: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if n > 0 {
-			out, ok = sq.usedRing.takeOne()
-			if ok {
-				_ = sq.epoll.Clear() //???
-				return out, nil
-			} else {
-				continue //???
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return 0, ctx.Err()
-}
-
-func (sq *SplitQueue) BlockAndGetHeadsCapped(ctx context.Context, maxToTake int) ([]UsedElement, error) {
-	var n int
-	var err error
-	for ctx.Err() == nil {
-
-		//we have leftovers in the fridge
-		if sq.more > 0 {
-			stillNeedToTake, out := sq.usedRing.take(maxToTake)
-			sq.more = stillNeedToTake
-			return out, nil
-		}
-		//look inside the fridge
-		stillNeedToTake, out := sq.usedRing.take(maxToTake)
-		if len(out) > 0 {
-			sq.more = stillNeedToTake
-			return out, nil
-		}
-		//fridge is empty I guess
-
-		// Wait for a signal from the device.
-		if n, err = sq.epoll.Block(); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("wait: %w", err)
-		}
-		if n > 0 {
-			_ = sq.epoll.Clear() //???
-			stillNeedToTake, out = sq.usedRing.take(maxToTake)
-			sq.more = stillNeedToTake
-			return out, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil, ctx.Err()
-}
-
-// OfferDescriptorChain offers a descriptor chain to the device which contains a
-// number of device-readable buffers (out buffers) and device-writable buffers
-// (in buffers).
-//
-// All buffers in the outBuffers slice will be concatenated by chaining
-// descriptors, one for each buffer in the slice. When a buffer is too large to
-// fit into a single descriptor (limited by the system's page size), it will be
-// split up into multiple descriptors within the chain.
-// When numInBuffers is greater than zero, the given number of device-writable
-// descriptors will be appended to the end of the chain, each referencing a
-// whole memory page (see [os.Getpagesize]).
-//
-// When the queue is full and no more descriptor chains can be added, a wrapped
-// [ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors] will be returned. If you set waitFree to true,
-// this method will handle this error and will block instead until there are
-// enough free descriptors again.
-//
-// After defining the descriptor chain in the [DescriptorTable], the index of
-// the head of the chain will be made available to the device using the
-// [AvailableRing] and will be returned by this method.
-// Callers should read from the [SplitQueue.UsedDescriptorChains] channel to be
-// notified when the descriptor chain was used by the device and should free the
-// used descriptor chains again using [SplitQueue.FreeDescriptorChain] when
-// they're done with them. When this does not happen, the queue will run full
-// and any further calls to [SplitQueue.OfferDescriptorChain] will stall.
-
-func (sq *SplitQueue) OfferInDescriptorChains() (uint16, error) {
-	// Create a descriptor chain for the given buffers.
-	var (
-		head uint16
-		err  error
-	)
-	for {
-		head, err = sq.descriptorTable.createDescriptorForInputs()
-		if err == nil {
-			break
-		}
-
-		// I don't wanna use errors.Is, it's slow
-		//goland:noinspection GoDirectComparisonOfErrors
-		if err == ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors {
-			return 0, err
-		} else {
-			return 0, fmt.Errorf("create descriptor chain: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Make the descriptor chain available to the device.
-	sq.availableRing.offerSingle(head)
-
-	// Notify the device to make it process the updated available ring.
-	if err := sq.kickEventFD.Kick(); err != nil {
-		return head, fmt.Errorf("notify device: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return head, nil
-}
-
-func (sq *SplitQueue) OfferOutDescriptorChains(prepend []byte, outBuffers [][]byte) ([]uint16, error) {
-	// TODO change this
-	// Each descriptor can only hold a whole memory page, so split large out
-	// buffers into multiple smaller ones.
-	outBuffers = splitBuffers(outBuffers, sq.itemSize)
-
-	chains := make([]uint16, len(outBuffers))
-
-	// Create a descriptor chain for the given buffers.
-	var (
-		head uint16
-		err  error
-	)
-	for i := range outBuffers {
-		for {
-			bufs := [][]byte{prepend, outBuffers[i]}
-			head, err = sq.descriptorTable.createDescriptorChain(bufs, 0)
-			if err == nil {
-				break
-			}
-
-			// I don't wanna use errors.Is, it's slow
-			//goland:noinspection GoDirectComparisonOfErrors
-			if err == ErrNotEnoughFreeDescriptors {
-				// Wait for more free descriptors to be put back into the queue.
-				// If the number of free descriptors is still not sufficient, we'll
-				// land here again.
-				//todo should never happen
-				syscall.Syscall(syscall.SYS_SCHED_YIELD, 0, 0, 0) // Cheap barrier
-				continue
-			}
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create descriptor chain: %w", err)
-		}
-		chains[i] = head
-	}
-
-	// Make the descriptor chain available to the device.
-	sq.availableRing.offer(chains)
-
-	// Notify the device to make it process the updated available ring.
-	if err := sq.kickEventFD.Kick(); err != nil {
-		return chains, fmt.Errorf("notify device: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return chains, nil
-}
-
-// GetDescriptorChain returns the device-readable buffers (out buffers) and
-// device-writable buffers (in buffers) of the descriptor chain with the given
-// head index.
-// The head index must be one that was returned by a previous call to
-// [SplitQueue.OfferDescriptorChain] and the descriptor chain must not have been
-// freed yet.
-//
-// Be careful to only access the returned buffer slices when the device is no
-// longer using them. They must not be accessed after
-// [SplitQueue.FreeDescriptorChain] has been called.
-func (sq *SplitQueue) GetDescriptorChain(head uint16) (outBuffers, inBuffers [][]byte, err error) {
-	return sq.descriptorTable.getDescriptorChain(head)
-}
-
-func (sq *SplitQueue) GetDescriptorItem(head uint16) ([]byte, error) {
-	sq.descriptorTable.descriptors[head].length = uint32(sq.descriptorTable.itemSize)
-	return sq.descriptorTable.getDescriptorItem(head)
-}
-
-func (sq *SplitQueue) GetDescriptorChainContents(head uint16, out []byte, maxLen int) (int, error) {
-	return sq.descriptorTable.getDescriptorChainContents(head, out, maxLen)
-}
-
-func (sq *SplitQueue) GetDescriptorInbuffers(head uint16, inBuffers *[][]byte) error {
-	return sq.descriptorTable.getDescriptorInbuffers(head, inBuffers)
-}
-
-// FreeDescriptorChain frees the descriptor chain with the given head index.
-// The head index must be one that was returned by a previous call to
-// [SplitQueue.OfferDescriptorChain] and the descriptor chain must not have been
-// freed yet.
-//
-// This creates new room in the queue which can be used by following
-// [SplitQueue.OfferDescriptorChain] calls.
-// When there are outstanding calls for [SplitQueue.OfferDescriptorChain] that
-// are waiting for free room in the queue, they may become unblocked by this.
-func (sq *SplitQueue) FreeDescriptorChain(head uint16) error {
-	//not called under lock
-	if err := sq.descriptorTable.freeDescriptorChain(head); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("free: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (sq *SplitQueue) SetDescSize(head uint16, sz int) {
-	//not called under lock
-	sq.descriptorTable.descriptors[int(head)].length = uint32(sz)
-}
-
-func (sq *SplitQueue) OfferDescriptorChains(chains []uint16, kick bool) error {
-	//todo not doing this may break eventually?
-	//not called under lock
-	//if err := sq.descriptorTable.freeDescriptorChain(head); err != nil {
-	//	return fmt.Errorf("free: %w", err)
-	//}
-
-	// Make the descriptor chain available to the device.
-	sq.availableRing.offer(chains)
-
-	// Notify the device to make it process the updated available ring.
-	if kick {
-		return sq.Kick()
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (sq *SplitQueue) Kick() error {
-	if err := sq.kickEventFD.Kick(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("notify device: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Close releases all resources used for this queue.
-// The implementation will try to release as many resources as possible and
-// collect potential errors before returning them.
-func (sq *SplitQueue) Close() error {
-	var errs []error
-
-	if sq.stop != nil {
-		// This has to happen before the event file descriptors may be closed.
-		if err := sq.stop(); err != nil {
-			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("stop consume used ring: %w", err))
-		}
-
-		// Make sure that this code block is executed only once.
-		sq.stop = nil
-	}
-
-	if err := sq.kickEventFD.Close(); err != nil {
-		errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("close kick event file descriptor: %w", err))
-	}
-	if err := sq.callEventFD.Close(); err != nil {
-		errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("close call event file descriptor: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	if err := sq.descriptorTable.releaseBuffers(); err != nil {
-		errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("release descriptor buffers: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	if sq.buf != nil {
-		if err := unix.Munmap(sq.buf); err == nil {
-			sq.buf = nil
-		} else {
-			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("unmap virtqueue buffer: %w", err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return errors.Join(errs...)
-}
-
-// ensureInitialized is used as a guard to prevent methods to be called on an
-// uninitialized instance.
-func (sq *SplitQueue) ensureInitialized() {
-	if sq.buf == nil {
-		panic("used ring is not initialized")
-	}
-}
-
-func align(index, alignment int) int {
-	remainder := index % alignment
-	if remainder == 0 {
-		return index
-	}
-	return index + alignment - remainder
-}
-
-// splitBuffers processes a list of buffers and splits each buffer that is
-// larger than the size limit into multiple smaller buffers.
-// If none of the buffers are too big though, do nothing, to avoid allocation for now
-func splitBuffers(buffers [][]byte, sizeLimit int) [][]byte {
-	for i := range buffers {
-		if len(buffers[i]) > sizeLimit {
-			return reallySplitBuffers(buffers, sizeLimit)
-		}
-	}
-	return buffers
-}
-
-func reallySplitBuffers(buffers [][]byte, sizeLimit int) [][]byte {
-	result := make([][]byte, 0, len(buffers))
-	for _, buffer := range buffers {
-		for added := 0; added < len(buffer); added += sizeLimit {
-			if len(buffer)-added <= sizeLimit {
-				result = append(result, buffer[added:])
-				break
-			}
-			result = append(result, buffer[added:added+sizeLimit])
-		}
-	}
-
-	return result
-}

overlay/virtqueue/split_virtqueue_internal_test.go

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestSplitQueue_MemoryAlignment(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name      string
-		queueSize int
-	}{
-		{
-			name:      "minimal queue size",
-			queueSize: 1,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "small queue size",
-			queueSize: 8,
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "large queue size",
-			queueSize: 256,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			sq, err := NewSplitQueue(tt.queueSize)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			assert.Zero(t, sq.descriptorTable.Address()%descriptorTableAlignment)
-			assert.Zero(t, sq.availableRing.Address()%availableRingAlignment)
-			assert.Zero(t, sq.usedRing.Address()%usedRingAlignment)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSplitBuffers(t *testing.T) {
-	const sizeLimit = 16
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		buffers  [][]byte
-		expected [][]byte
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "no buffers",
-			buffers:  make([][]byte, 0),
-			expected: make([][]byte, 0),
-		},
-		{
-			name: "small",
-			buffers: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, 11),
-			},
-			expected: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, 11),
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "exact size",
-			buffers: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, sizeLimit),
-			},
-			expected: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, sizeLimit),
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "large",
-			buffers: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, 42),
-			},
-			expected: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, 16),
-				make([]byte, 16),
-				make([]byte, 10),
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "mixed",
-			buffers: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, 7),
-				make([]byte, 30),
-				make([]byte, 15),
-				make([]byte, 32),
-			},
-			expected: [][]byte{
-				make([]byte, 7),
-				make([]byte, 16),
-				make([]byte, 14),
-				make([]byte, 15),
-				make([]byte, 16),
-				make([]byte, 16),
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			actual := splitBuffers(tt.buffers, sizeLimit)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, actual)
-		})
-	}
-}

overlay/virtqueue/used_element.go

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-// usedElementSize is the number of bytes needed to store a [UsedElement] in
-// memory.
-const usedElementSize = 8
-
-// UsedElement is an element of the [UsedRing] and describes a descriptor chain
-// that was used by the device.
-type UsedElement struct {
-	// DescriptorIndex is the index of the head of the used descriptor chain in
-	// the [DescriptorTable].
-	// The index is 32-bit here for padding reasons.
-	DescriptorIndex uint32
-	// Length is the number of bytes written into the device writable portion of
-	// the buffer described by the descriptor chain.
-	Length uint32
-}
-
-func (u *UsedElement) GetHead() uint16 {
-	return uint16(u.DescriptorIndex)
-}

overlay/virtqueue/used_element_internal_test.go

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestUsedElement_Size(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.EqualValues(t, usedElementSize, unsafe.Sizeof(UsedElement{}))
-}

overlay/virtqueue/used_ring.go

@@ -1,184 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"unsafe"
-)
-
-// usedRingFlag is a flag that describes a [UsedRing].
-type usedRingFlag uint16
-
-const (
-	// usedRingFlagNoNotify is used by the host to advise the guest to not
-	// kick it when adding a buffer. It's unreliable, so it's simply an
-	// optimization. Guest will still kick when it's out of buffers.
-	usedRingFlagNoNotify usedRingFlag = 1 << iota
-)
-
-// usedRingSize is the number of bytes needed to store a [UsedRing] with the
-// given queue size in memory.
-func usedRingSize(queueSize int) int {
-	return 6 + usedElementSize*queueSize
-}
-
-// usedRingAlignment is the minimum alignment of a [UsedRing] in memory, as
-// required by the virtio spec.
-const usedRingAlignment = 4
-
-// UsedRing is where the device returns descriptor chains once it is done with
-// them. Each ring entry is a [UsedElement]. It is only written to by the device
-// and read by the driver.
-//
-// Because the size of the ring depends on the queue size, we cannot define a
-// Go struct with a static size that maps to the memory of the ring. Instead,
-// this struct only contains pointers to the corresponding memory areas.
-type UsedRing struct {
-	initialized bool
-
-	// flags that describe this ring.
-	flags *usedRingFlag
-	// ringIndex indicates where the device would put the next entry into the
-	// ring (modulo the queue size).
-	ringIndex *uint16
-	// ring contains the [UsedElement]s. It wraps around at queue size.
-	ring []UsedElement
-	// availableEvent is not used by this implementation, but we reserve it
-	// anyway to avoid issues in case a device may try to write to it, contrary
-	// to the virtio specification.
-	availableEvent *uint16
-
-	// lastIndex is the internal ringIndex up to which all [UsedElement]s were
-	// processed.
-	lastIndex uint16
-
-	//mu sync.Mutex
-}
-
-// newUsedRing creates a used ring that uses the given underlying memory. The
-// length of the memory slice must match the size needed for the ring (see
-// [usedRingSize]) for the given queue size.
-func newUsedRing(queueSize int, mem []byte) *UsedRing {
-	ringSize := usedRingSize(queueSize)
-	if len(mem) != ringSize {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("memory size (%v) does not match required size "+
-			"for used ring: %v", len(mem), ringSize))
-	}
-
-	r := UsedRing{
-		initialized:    true,
-		flags:          (*usedRingFlag)(unsafe.Pointer(&mem[0])),
-		ringIndex:      (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&mem[2])),
-		ring:           unsafe.Slice((*UsedElement)(unsafe.Pointer(&mem[4])), queueSize),
-		availableEvent: (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&mem[ringSize-2])),
-	}
-	r.lastIndex = *r.ringIndex
-	return &r
-}
-
-// Address returns the pointer to the beginning of the ring in memory.
-// Do not modify the memory directly to not interfere with this implementation.
-func (r *UsedRing) Address() uintptr {
-	if !r.initialized {
-		panic("used ring is not initialized")
-	}
-	return uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(r.flags))
-}
-
-// take returns all new [UsedElement]s that the device put into the ring and
-// that weren't already returned by a previous call to this method.
-// had a lock, I removed it
-func (r *UsedRing) take(maxToTake int) (int, []UsedElement) {
-	//r.mu.Lock()
-	//defer r.mu.Unlock()
-
-	ringIndex := *r.ringIndex
-	if ringIndex == r.lastIndex {
-		// Nothing new.
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-
-	// Calculate the number new used elements that we can read from the ring.
-	// The ring index may wrap, so special handling for that case is needed.
-	count := int(ringIndex - r.lastIndex)
-	if count < 0 {
-		count += 0xffff
-	}
-
-	stillNeedToTake := 0
-
-	if maxToTake > 0 {
-		stillNeedToTake = count - maxToTake
-		if stillNeedToTake < 0 {
-			stillNeedToTake = 0
-		}
-		count = min(count, maxToTake)
-	}
-
-	// The number of new elements can never exceed the queue size.
-	if count > len(r.ring) {
-		panic("used ring contains more new elements than the ring is long")
-	}
-
-	elems := make([]UsedElement, count)
-	for i := range count {
-		elems[i] = r.ring[r.lastIndex%uint16(len(r.ring))]
-		r.lastIndex++
-	}
-
-	return stillNeedToTake, elems
-}
-
-func (r *UsedRing) takeOne() (uint16, bool) {
-	//r.mu.Lock()
-	//defer r.mu.Unlock()
-
-	ringIndex := *r.ringIndex
-	if ringIndex == r.lastIndex {
-		// Nothing new.
-		return 0xffff, false
-	}
-
-	// Calculate the number new used elements that we can read from the ring.
-	// The ring index may wrap, so special handling for that case is needed.
-	count := int(ringIndex - r.lastIndex)
-	if count < 0 {
-		count += 0xffff
-	}
-
-	// The number of new elements can never exceed the queue size.
-	if count > len(r.ring) {
-		panic("used ring contains more new elements than the ring is long")
-	}
-
-	if count == 0 {
-		return 0xffff, false
-	}
-
-	out := r.ring[r.lastIndex%uint16(len(r.ring))].GetHead()
-	r.lastIndex++
-
-	return out, true
-}
-
-// InitOfferSingle is only used to pre-fill the used queue at startup, and should not be used if the device is running!
-func (r *UsedRing) InitOfferSingle(x uint16, size int) {
-	//always called under lock
-	//r.mu.Lock()
-	//defer r.mu.Unlock()
-
-	offset := 0
-	// Add descriptor chain heads to the ring.
-
-	// The 16-bit ring index may overflow. This is expected and is not an
-	// issue because the size of the ring array (which equals the queue
-	// size) is always a power of 2 and smaller than the highest possible
-	// 16-bit value.
-	insertIndex := int(*r.ringIndex+uint16(offset)) % len(r.ring)
-	r.ring[insertIndex] = UsedElement{
-		DescriptorIndex: uint32(x),
-		Length:          uint32(size),
-	}
-
-	// Increase the ring index by the number of descriptor chains added to the ring.
-	*r.ringIndex += 1
-}

overlay/virtqueue/used_ring_internal_test.go

@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-package virtqueue
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestUsedRing_MemoryLayout(t *testing.T) {
-	const queueSize = 2
-
-	memory := make([]byte, usedRingSize(queueSize))
-	r := newUsedRing(queueSize, memory)
-
-	*r.flags = 0x01ff
-	*r.ringIndex = 1
-	r.ring[0] = UsedElement{
-		DescriptorIndex: 0x0123,
-		Length:          0x4567,
-	}
-	r.ring[1] = UsedElement{
-		DescriptorIndex: 0x89ab,
-		Length:          0xcdef,
-	}
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte{
-		0xff, 0x01,
-		0x01, 0x00,
-		0x23, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
-		0x67, 0x45, 0x00, 0x00,
-		0xab, 0x89, 0x00, 0x00,
-		0xef, 0xcd, 0x00, 0x00,
-		0x00, 0x00,
-	}, memory)
-}
-
-//func TestUsedRing_Take(t *testing.T) {
-//	const queueSize = 8
-//
-//	tests := []struct {
-//		name      string
-//		ring      []UsedElement
-//		ringIndex uint16
-//		lastIndex uint16
-//		expected  []UsedElement
-//	}{
-//		{
-//			name: "nothing new",
-//			ring: []UsedElement{
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 1},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 2},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 3},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 4},
-//				{},
-//				{},
-//				{},
-//				{},
-//			},
-//			ringIndex: 4,
-//			lastIndex: 4,
-//			expected:  nil,
-//		},
-//		{
-//			name: "no overflow",
-//			ring: []UsedElement{
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 1},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 2},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 3},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 4},
-//				{},
-//				{},
-//				{},
-//				{},
-//			},
-//			ringIndex: 4,
-//			lastIndex: 1,
-//			expected: []UsedElement{
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 2},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 3},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 4},
-//			},
-//		},
-//		{
-//			name: "ring overflow",
-//			ring: []UsedElement{
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 9},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 10},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 3},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 4},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 5},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 6},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 7},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 8},
-//			},
-//			ringIndex: 10,
-//			lastIndex: 7,
-//			expected: []UsedElement{
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 8},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 9},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 10},
-//			},
-//		},
-//		{
-//			name: "index overflow",
-//			ring: []UsedElement{
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 9},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 10},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 3},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 4},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 5},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 6},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 7},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 8},
-//			},
-//			ringIndex: 2,
-//			lastIndex: 65535,
-//			expected: []UsedElement{
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 8},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 9},
-//				{DescriptorIndex: 10},
-//			},
-//		},
-//	}
-//	for _, tt := range tests {
-//		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-//			memory := make([]byte, usedRingSize(queueSize))
-//			r := newUsedRing(queueSize, memory)
-//
-//			copy(r.ring, tt.ring)
-//			*r.ringIndex = tt.ringIndex
-//			r.lastIndex = tt.lastIndex
-//
-//			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, r.take())
-//		})
-//	}
-//}

packet/outpacket.go

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-package packet
-
-import (
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util/virtio"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-type OutPacket struct {
-	Segments        [][]byte
-	SegmentPayloads [][]byte
-	SegmentHeaders  [][]byte
-	SegmentIDs      []uint16
-	//todo virtio header?
-	SegSize      int
-	SegCounter   int
-	Valid        bool
-	wasSegmented bool
-
-	Scratch []byte
-}
-
-func NewOut() *OutPacket {
-	out := new(OutPacket)
-	out.Segments = make([][]byte, 0, 64)
-	out.SegmentHeaders = make([][]byte, 0, 64)
-	out.SegmentPayloads = make([][]byte, 0, 64)
-	out.SegmentIDs = make([]uint16, 0, 64)
-	out.Scratch = make([]byte, Size)
-	return out
-}
-
-func (pkt *OutPacket) Reset() {
-	pkt.Segments = pkt.Segments[:0]
-	pkt.SegmentPayloads = pkt.SegmentPayloads[:0]
-	pkt.SegmentHeaders = pkt.SegmentHeaders[:0]
-	pkt.SegmentIDs = pkt.SegmentIDs[:0]
-	pkt.SegSize = 0
-	pkt.Valid = false
-	pkt.wasSegmented = false
-}
-
-func (pkt *OutPacket) UseSegment(segID uint16, seg []byte, isV6 bool) int {
-	pkt.Valid = true
-	pkt.SegmentIDs = append(pkt.SegmentIDs, segID)
-	pkt.Segments = append(pkt.Segments, seg) //todo do we need this?
-
-	vhdr := virtio.NetHdr{ //todo
-		Flags:      unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_DATA_VALID,
-		GSOType:    unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_NONE,
-		HdrLen:     0,
-		GSOSize:    0,
-		CsumStart:  0,
-		CsumOffset: 0,
-		NumBuffers: 0,
-	}
-
-	hdr := seg[0 : virtio.NetHdrSize+14]
-	_ = vhdr.Encode(hdr)
-	if isV6 {
-		hdr[virtio.NetHdrSize+14-2] = 0x86
-		hdr[virtio.NetHdrSize+14-1] = 0xdd
-	} else {
-		hdr[virtio.NetHdrSize+14-2] = 0x08
-		hdr[virtio.NetHdrSize+14-1] = 0x00
-	}
-
-	pkt.SegmentHeaders = append(pkt.SegmentHeaders, hdr)
-	pkt.SegmentPayloads = append(pkt.SegmentPayloads, seg[virtio.NetHdrSize+14:])
-	return len(pkt.SegmentIDs) - 1
-}

packet/packet.go

@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-package packet
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"iter"
-	"net/netip"
-	"slices"
-	"syscall"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-const Size = 0xffff
-
-type Packet struct {
-	Payload []byte
-	Control []byte
-	Name    []byte
-	SegSize int
-
-	//todo should this hold out as well?
-	OutLen int
-
-	wasSegmented bool
-	isV4         bool
-}
-
-func New(isV4 bool) *Packet {
-	return &Packet{
-		Payload: make([]byte, Size),
-		Control: make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(2)),
-		Name:    make([]byte, unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6),
-		isV4:    isV4,
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *Packet) AddrPort() netip.AddrPort {
-	var ip netip.Addr
-	// Its ok to skip the ok check here, the slicing is the only error that can occur and it will panic
-	if p.isV4 {
-		ip, _ = netip.AddrFromSlice(p.Name[4:8])
-	} else {
-		ip, _ = netip.AddrFromSlice(p.Name[8:24])
-	}
-	return netip.AddrPortFrom(ip.Unmap(), binary.BigEndian.Uint16(p.Name[2:4]))
-}
-
-func (p *Packet) updateCtrl(ctrlLen int) {
-	p.SegSize = len(p.Payload)
-	p.wasSegmented = false
-	if ctrlLen == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-	if len(p.Control) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-	cmsgs, err := unix.ParseSocketControlMessage(p.Control)
-	if err != nil {
-		return // oh well
-	}
-
-	for _, c := range cmsgs {
-		if c.Header.Level == unix.SOL_UDP && c.Header.Type == unix.UDP_GRO && len(c.Data) >= 2 {
-			p.wasSegmented = true
-			p.SegSize = int(binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(c.Data[:2]))
-			return
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Update sets a Packet into "just received, not processed" state
-func (p *Packet) Update(ctrlLen int) {
-	p.OutLen = -1
-	p.updateCtrl(ctrlLen)
-}
-
-func (p *Packet) SetSegSizeForTX() {
-	p.SegSize = len(p.Payload)
-	hdr := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&p.Control[0]))
-	hdr.Level = unix.SOL_UDP
-	hdr.Type = unix.UDP_SEGMENT
-	hdr.SetLen(syscall.CmsgLen(2))
-	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint16(p.Control[unix.CmsgLen(0):unix.CmsgLen(0)+2], uint16(p.SegSize))
-}
-
-func (p *Packet) CompatibleForSegmentationWith(otherP *Packet, currentTotalSize int) bool {
-	//same dest
-	if !slices.Equal(p.Name, otherP.Name) {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	//don't get too big
-	if len(p.Payload)+currentTotalSize >= 0xffff {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	//same body len
-	//todo allow single different size at end
-	if len(p.Payload) != len(otherP.Payload) {
-		return false //todo technically you can cram one extra in
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func (p *Packet) Segments() iter.Seq[[]byte] {
-	return func(yield func([]byte) bool) {
-		//cursor := 0
-		for offset := 0; offset < len(p.Payload); offset += p.SegSize {
-			end := offset + p.SegSize
-			if end > len(p.Payload) {
-				end = len(p.Payload)
-			}
-			if !yield(p.Payload[offset:end]) {
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}

packet/virtio.go

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-package packet
-
-import (
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/util/virtio"
-)
-
-type VirtIOPacket struct {
-	Payload   []byte
-	Header    virtio.NetHdr
-	Chains    []uint16
-	ChainRefs [][]byte
-	// OfferDescriptorChains(chains []uint16, kick bool) error
-}
-
-func NewVIO() *VirtIOPacket {
-	out := new(VirtIOPacket)
-	out.Payload = nil
-	out.ChainRefs = make([][]byte, 0, 4)
-	out.Chains = make([]uint16, 0, 8)
-	return out
-}
-
-func (v *VirtIOPacket) Reset() {
-	v.Payload = nil
-	v.ChainRefs = v.ChainRefs[:0]
-	v.Chains = v.Chains[:0]
-}
-
-type VirtIOTXPacket struct {
-	VirtIOPacket
-}
-
-func NewVIOTX(isV4 bool) *VirtIOTXPacket {
-	out := new(VirtIOTXPacket)
-	out.VirtIOPacket = *NewVIO()
-	return out
-}

pki.go

@@ -100,62 +100,55 @@ func (p *PKI) reloadCerts(c *config.C, initial bool) *util.ContextualError {
 		currentState := p.cs.Load()
 		if newState.v1Cert != nil {
 			if currentState.v1Cert == nil {
-				//adding certs is fine, actually. Networks-in-common confirmed in newCertState().
+				return util.NewContextualError("v1 certificate was added, restart required", nil, err)
-			} else {
-				// did IP in cert change? if so, don't set
-				if !slices.Equal(currentState.v1Cert.Networks(), newState.v1Cert.Networks()) {
-					return util.NewContextualError(
-						"Networks in new cert was different from old",
-						m{"new_networks": newState.v1Cert.Networks(), "old_networks": currentState.v1Cert.Networks(), "cert_version": cert.Version1},
-						nil,
-					)
-				}
-
-				if currentState.v1Cert.Curve() != newState.v1Cert.Curve() {
-					return util.NewContextualError(
-						"Curve in new v1 cert was different from old",
-						m{"new_curve": newState.v1Cert.Curve(), "old_curve": currentState.v1Cert.Curve(), "cert_version": cert.Version1},
-						nil,
-					)
-				}
 			}
+
+			// did IP in cert change? if so, don't set
+			if !slices.Equal(currentState.v1Cert.Networks(), newState.v1Cert.Networks()) {
+				return util.NewContextualError(
+					"Networks in new cert was different from old",
+					m{"new_networks": newState.v1Cert.Networks(), "old_networks": currentState.v1Cert.Networks()},
+					nil,
+				)
+			}
+
+			if currentState.v1Cert.Curve() != newState.v1Cert.Curve() {
+				return util.NewContextualError(
+					"Curve in new cert was different from old",
+					m{"new_curve": newState.v1Cert.Curve(), "old_curve": currentState.v1Cert.Curve()},
+					nil,
+				)
+			}
+
+		} else if currentState.v1Cert != nil {
+			//TODO: CERT-V2 we should be able to tear this down
+			return util.NewContextualError("v1 certificate was removed, restart required", nil, err)
 		}
 
 		if newState.v2Cert != nil {
 			if currentState.v2Cert == nil {
-				//adding certs is fine, actually
+				return util.NewContextualError("v2 certificate was added, restart required", nil, err)
-			} else {
-				// did IP in cert change? if so, don't set
-				if !slices.Equal(currentState.v2Cert.Networks(), newState.v2Cert.Networks()) {
-					return util.NewContextualError(
-						"Networks in new cert was different from old",
-						m{"new_networks": newState.v2Cert.Networks(), "old_networks": currentState.v2Cert.Networks(), "cert_version": cert.Version2},
-						nil,
-					)
-				}
-
-				if currentState.v2Cert.Curve() != newState.v2Cert.Curve() {
-					return util.NewContextualError(
-						"Curve in new cert was different from old",
-						m{"new_curve": newState.v2Cert.Curve(), "old_curve": currentState.v2Cert.Curve(), "cert_version": cert.Version2},
-						nil,
-					)
-				}
 			}
 
-		} else if currentState.v2Cert != nil {
+			// did IP in cert change? if so, don't set
-			//newState.v1Cert is non-nil bc empty certstates aren't permitted
+			if !slices.Equal(currentState.v2Cert.Networks(), newState.v2Cert.Networks()) {
-			if newState.v1Cert == nil {
-				return util.NewContextualError("v1 and v2 certs are nil, this should be impossible", nil, err)
-			}
-			//if we're going to v1-only, we need to make sure we didn't orphan any v2-cert vpnaddrs
-			if !slices.Equal(currentState.v2Cert.Networks(), newState.v1Cert.Networks()) {
 				return util.NewContextualError(
-					"Removing a V2 cert is not permitted unless it has identical networks to the new V1 cert",
+					"Networks in new cert was different from old",
-					m{"new_v1_networks": newState.v1Cert.Networks(), "old_v2_networks": currentState.v2Cert.Networks()},
+					m{"new_networks": newState.v2Cert.Networks(), "old_networks": currentState.v2Cert.Networks()},
 					nil,
 				)
 			}
+
+			if currentState.v2Cert.Curve() != newState.v2Cert.Curve() {
+				return util.NewContextualError(
+					"Curve in new cert was different from old",
+					m{"new_curve": newState.v2Cert.Curve(), "old_curve": currentState.v2Cert.Curve()},
+					nil,
+				)
+			}
+
+		} else if currentState.v2Cert != nil {
+			return util.NewContextualError("v2 certificate was removed, restart required", nil, err)
 		}
 
 		// Cipher cant be hot swapped so just leave it at what it was before
@@ -523,13 +516,9 @@ func loadCAPoolFromConfig(l *logrus.Logger, c *config.C) (*cert.CAPool, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error while adding CA certificate to CA trust store: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	bl := c.GetStringSlice("pki.blocklist", []string{})
+	for _, fp := range c.GetStringSlice("pki.blocklist", []string{}) {
-	if len(bl) > 0 {
+		l.WithField("fingerprint", fp).Info("Blocklisting cert")
-		for _, fp := range bl {
+		caPool.BlocklistFingerprint(fp)
-			caPool.BlocklistFingerprint(fp)
-		}
-
-		l.WithField("fingerprintCount", len(bl)).Info("Blocklisted certificates")
 	}
 
 	return caPool, nil

service/service_test.go

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert_test"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/overlay"
-	"go.yaml.in/yaml/v3"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
 type m = map[string]any

udp/conn.go

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
 )
 
 const MTU = 9001
 
 type EncReader func(
-	[]*packet.Packet,
+	addr netip.AddrPort,
+	payload []byte,
 )
 
 type Conn interface {
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ type Conn interface {
 	ListenOut(r EncReader)
 	WriteTo(b []byte, addr netip.AddrPort) error
 	ReloadConfig(c *config.C)
-	Prep(pkt *packet.Packet, addr netip.AddrPort) error
-	WriteBatch(pkt []*packet.Packet) (int, error)
 	Close() error
 }
 

udp/udp_linux.go

@@ -14,22 +14,22 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/config"
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
-const iovMax = 128 //1024 //no unix constant for this? from limits.h
-//todo I'd like this to be 1024 but we seem to hit errors around ~130?
-
 type StdConn struct {
-	sysFd     int
+	sysFd int
-	isV4      bool
+	isV4  bool
-	l         *logrus.Logger
+	l     *logrus.Logger
-	batch     int
+	batch int
-	enableGRO bool
+}
 
-	msgs []rawMessage
+func maybeIPV4(ip net.IP) (net.IP, bool) {
-	iovs [][]iovec
+	ip4 := ip.To4()
+	if ip4 != nil {
+		return ip4, true
+	}
+	return ip, false
 }
 
 func NewListener(l *logrus.Logger, ip netip.Addr, port int, multi bool, batch int) (Conn, error) {
@@ -69,20 +69,7 @@ func NewListener(l *logrus.Logger, ip netip.Addr, port int, multi bool, batch in
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to bind to socket: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	const batchSize = 8192
+	return &StdConn{sysFd: fd, isV4: ip.Is4(), l: l, batch: batch}, err
-	msgs := make([]rawMessage, 0, batchSize) //todo configure
-	iovs := make([][]iovec, batchSize)
-	for i := range iovs {
-		iovs[i] = make([]iovec, iovMax)
-	}
-	return &StdConn{
-		sysFd: fd,
-		isV4:  ip.Is4(),
-		l:     l,
-		batch: batch,
-		msgs:  msgs,
-		iovs:  iovs,
-	}, err
 }
 
 func (u *StdConn) Rebind() error {
@@ -132,7 +119,9 @@ func (u *StdConn) LocalAddr() (netip.AddrPort, error) {
 }
 
 func (u *StdConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) {
-	msgs, packets := u.PrepareRawMessages(u.batch, u.isV4)
+	var ip netip.Addr
+
+	msgs, buffers, names := u.PrepareRawMessages(u.batch)
 	read := u.ReadMulti
 	if u.batch == 1 {
 		read = u.ReadSingle
@@ -146,12 +135,13 @@ func (u *StdConn) ListenOut(r EncReader) {
 		}
 
 		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-			packets[i].Payload = packets[i].Payload[:msgs[i].Len]
+			// Its ok to skip the ok check here, the slicing is the only error that can occur and it will panic
-			packets[i].Update(getRawMessageControlLen(&msgs[i]))
+			if u.isV4 {
-		}
+				ip, _ = netip.AddrFromSlice(names[i][4:8])
-		r(packets[:n])
+			} else {
-		for i := 0; i < n; i++ { //todo reset this in prev loop, but this makes debug ez
+				ip, _ = netip.AddrFromSlice(names[i][8:24])
-			msgs[i].Hdr.Controllen = uint64(unix.CmsgSpace(2))
+			}
+			r(netip.AddrPortFrom(ip.Unmap(), binary.BigEndian.Uint16(names[i][2:4])), buffers[i][:msgs[i].Len])
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -204,147 +194,6 @@ func (u *StdConn) WriteTo(b []byte, ip netip.AddrPort) error {
 	return u.writeTo6(b, ip)
 }
 
-func (u *StdConn) WriteToBatch(b []byte, ip netip.AddrPort) error {
-	if u.isV4 {
-		return u.writeTo4(b, ip)
-	}
-	return u.writeTo6(b, ip)
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) Prep(pkt *packet.Packet, addr netip.AddrPort) error {
-	nl, err := u.encodeSockaddr(pkt.Name, addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	pkt.Name = pkt.Name[:nl]
-	pkt.OutLen = len(pkt.Payload)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) WriteBatch(pkts []*packet.Packet) (int, error) {
-	if len(pkts) == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-
-	u.msgs = u.msgs[:0]
-	//u.iovs = u.iovs[:0]
-
-	sent := 0
-	var mostRecentPkt *packet.Packet
-	mostRecentPktSize := 0
-	//segmenting := false
-	idx := 0
-	for _, pkt := range pkts {
-		if len(pkt.Payload) == 0 || pkt.OutLen == -1 {
-			sent++
-			continue
-		}
-		lastIdx := idx - 1
-		if mostRecentPkt != nil && pkt.CompatibleForSegmentationWith(mostRecentPkt, mostRecentPktSize) && u.msgs[lastIdx].Hdr.Iovlen < iovMax {
-			u.msgs[lastIdx].Hdr.Controllen = uint64(len(mostRecentPkt.Control))
-			u.msgs[lastIdx].Hdr.Control = &mostRecentPkt.Control[0]
-
-			u.iovs[lastIdx][u.msgs[lastIdx].Hdr.Iovlen].Base = &pkt.Payload[0]
-			u.iovs[lastIdx][u.msgs[lastIdx].Hdr.Iovlen].Len = uint64(len(pkt.Payload))
-			u.msgs[lastIdx].Hdr.Iovlen++
-
-			mostRecentPktSize += len(pkt.Payload)
-			mostRecentPkt.SetSegSizeForTX()
-		} else {
-			u.msgs = append(u.msgs, rawMessage{})
-			u.iovs[idx][0] = iovec{
-				Base: &pkt.Payload[0],
-				Len:  uint64(len(pkt.Payload)),
-			}
-
-			msg := &u.msgs[idx]
-			iov := &u.iovs[idx][0]
-			idx++
-
-			msg.Hdr.Iov = iov
-			msg.Hdr.Iovlen = 1
-			setRawMessageControl(msg, nil)
-			msg.Hdr.Flags = 0
-
-			msg.Hdr.Name = &pkt.Name[0]
-			msg.Hdr.Namelen = uint32(len(pkt.Name))
-			mostRecentPkt = pkt
-			mostRecentPktSize = len(pkt.Payload)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(u.msgs) == 0 {
-		return sent, nil
-	}
-
-	offset := 0
-	for offset < len(u.msgs) {
-		n, _, errno := unix.Syscall6(
-			unix.SYS_SENDMMSG,
-			uintptr(u.sysFd),
-			uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&u.msgs[offset])),
-			uintptr(len(u.msgs)-offset),
-			0,
-			0,
-			0,
-		)
-
-		if errno != 0 {
-			if errno == unix.EINTR {
-				continue
-			}
-			//for i := 0; i < len(u.msgs); i++ {
-			//	for j := 0; j < int(u.msgs[i].Hdr.Iovlen); j++ {
-			//		u.l.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-			//			"msg_index": i,
-			//			"iov idx":   j,
-			//			"iov":       fmt.Sprintf("%+v", u.iovs[i][j]),
-			//		}).Warn("failed to send message")
-			//	}
-			//
-			//}
-			u.l.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
-				"errno":   errno,
-				"idx":     idx,
-				"len":     len(u.msgs),
-				"deets":   fmt.Sprintf("%+v", u.msgs),
-				"lastIOV": fmt.Sprintf("%+v", u.iovs[len(u.msgs)-1][u.msgs[len(u.msgs)-1].Hdr.Iovlen-1]),
-			}).Error("failed to send message")
-			return sent + offset, &net.OpError{Op: "sendmmsg", Err: errno}
-		}
-
-		if n == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-		offset += int(n)
-	}
-
-	return sent + len(u.msgs), nil
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) encodeSockaddr(dst []byte, addr netip.AddrPort) (uint32, error) {
-	if u.isV4 {
-		if !addr.Addr().Is4() {
-			return 0, fmt.Errorf("Listener is IPv4, but writing to IPv6 remote")
-		}
-		var sa unix.RawSockaddrInet4
-		sa.Family = unix.AF_INET
-		sa.Addr = addr.Addr().As4()
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16((*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.Port))[:], addr.Port())
-		size := unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4
-		copy(dst[:size], (*(*[unix.SizeofSockaddrInet4]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa)))[:])
-		return uint32(size), nil
-	}
-
-	var sa unix.RawSockaddrInet6
-	sa.Family = unix.AF_INET6
-	sa.Addr = addr.Addr().As16()
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16((*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.Port))[:], addr.Port())
-	size := unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6
-	copy(dst[:size], (*(*[unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa)))[:])
-	return uint32(size), nil
-}
-
 func (u *StdConn) writeTo6(b []byte, ip netip.AddrPort) error {
 	var rsa unix.RawSockaddrInet6
 	rsa.Family = unix.AF_INET6
@@ -445,27 +294,6 @@ func (u *StdConn) ReloadConfig(c *config.C) {
 			u.l.WithError(err).Error("Failed to set listen.so_mark")
 		}
 	}
-	u.configureGRO(true)
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) configureGRO(enable bool) {
-	if enable == u.enableGRO {
-		return
-	}
-
-	if enable {
-		if err := unix.SetsockoptInt(u.sysFd, unix.SOL_UDP, unix.UDP_GRO, 1); err != nil {
-			u.l.WithError(err).Warn("Failed to enable UDP GRO")
-			return
-		}
-		u.enableGRO = true
-		u.l.Info("UDP GRO enabled")
-	} else {
-		if err := unix.SetsockoptInt(u.sysFd, unix.SOL_UDP, unix.UDP_GRO, 0); err != nil && err != unix.ENOPROTOOPT {
-			u.l.WithError(err).Warn("Failed to disable UDP GRO")
-		}
-		u.enableGRO = false
-	}
 }
 
 func (u *StdConn) getMemInfo(meminfo *[unix.SK_MEMINFO_VARS]uint32) error {

udp/udp_linux_64.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 package udp
 
 import (
-	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/packet"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
@@ -34,59 +33,25 @@ type rawMessage struct {
 	Pad0 [4]byte
 }
 
-func setRawMessageControl(msg *rawMessage, buf []byte) {
+func (u *StdConn) PrepareRawMessages(n int) ([]rawMessage, [][]byte, [][]byte) {
-	if len(buf) == 0 {
-		msg.Hdr.Control = nil
-		msg.Hdr.Controllen = 0
-		return
-	}
-	msg.Hdr.Control = &buf[0]
-	msg.Hdr.Controllen = uint64(len(buf))
-}
-
-func getRawMessageControlLen(msg *rawMessage) int {
-	return int(msg.Hdr.Controllen)
-}
-
-func setCmsgLen(h *unix.Cmsghdr, l int) {
-	h.Len = uint64(l)
-}
-
-func (u *StdConn) PrepareRawMessages(n int, isV4 bool) ([]rawMessage, []*packet.Packet) {
 	msgs := make([]rawMessage, n)
-	packets := make([]*packet.Packet, n)
+	buffers := make([][]byte, n)
+	names := make([][]byte, n)
 
 	for i := range msgs {
-		packets[i] = packet.New(isV4)
+		buffers[i] = make([]byte, MTU)
+		names[i] = make([]byte, unix.SizeofSockaddrInet6)
 
 		vs := []iovec{
-			{Base: &packets[i].Payload[0], Len: uint64(packet.Size)},
+			{Base: &buffers[i][0], Len: uint64(len(buffers[i]))},
 		}
 
 		msgs[i].Hdr.Iov = &vs[0]
 		msgs[i].Hdr.Iovlen = uint64(len(vs))
 
-		msgs[i].Hdr.Name = &packets[i].Name[0]
+		msgs[i].Hdr.Name = &names[i][0]
-		msgs[i].Hdr.Namelen = uint32(len(packets[i].Name))
+		msgs[i].Hdr.Namelen = uint32(len(names[i]))
-
-		if u.enableGRO {
-			msgs[i].Hdr.Control = &packets[i].Control[0]
-			msgs[i].Hdr.Controllen = uint64(len(packets[i].Control))
-		} else {
-			msgs[i].Hdr.Control = nil
-			msgs[i].Hdr.Controllen = 0
-		}
 	}
 
-	return msgs, packets
+	return msgs, buffers, names
-}
-
-func setIovecSlice(iov *iovec, b []byte) {
-	if len(b) == 0 {
-		iov.Base = nil
-		iov.Len = 0
-		return
-	}
-	iov.Base = &b[0]
-	iov.Len = uint64(len(b))
 }

util/virtio/doc.go

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-// Package virtio contains some generic types and concepts related to the virtio
-// protocol.
-package virtio

util/virtio/features.go

@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-package virtio
-
-// Feature contains feature bits that describe a virtio device or driver.
-type Feature uint64
-
-// Device-independent feature bits.
-//
-// Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/virtio/virtio/v1.2/csd01/virtio-v1.2-csd01.html#x1-6600006
-const (
-	// FeatureIndirectDescriptors indicates that the driver can use descriptors
-	// with an additional layer of indirection.
-	FeatureIndirectDescriptors Feature = 1 << 28
-
-	// FeatureVersion1 indicates compliance with version 1.0 of the virtio
-	// specification.
-	FeatureVersion1 Feature = 1 << 32
-)
-
-// Feature bits for networking devices.
-//
-// Source: https://docs.oasis-open.org/virtio/virtio/v1.2/csd01/virtio-v1.2-csd01.html#x1-2200003
-const (
-	// FeatureNetDeviceCsum indicates that the device can handle packets with
-	// partial checksum (checksum offload).
-	FeatureNetDeviceCsum Feature = 1 << 0
-
-	// FeatureNetDriverCsum indicates that the driver can handle packets with
-	// partial checksum.
-	FeatureNetDriverCsum Feature = 1 << 1
-
-	// FeatureNetCtrlDriverOffloads indicates support for dynamic offload state
-	// reconfiguration.
-	FeatureNetCtrlDriverOffloads Feature = 1 << 2
-
-	// FeatureNetMTU indicates that the device reports a maximum MTU value.
-	FeatureNetMTU Feature = 1 << 3
-
-	// FeatureNetMAC indicates that the device provides a MAC address.
-	FeatureNetMAC Feature = 1 << 5
-
-	// FeatureNetDriverTSO4 indicates that the driver supports the TCP
-	// segmentation offload for received IPv4 packets.
-	FeatureNetDriverTSO4 Feature = 1 << 7
-
-	// FeatureNetDriverTSO6 indicates that the driver supports the TCP
-	// segmentation offload for received IPv6 packets.
-	FeatureNetDriverTSO6 Feature = 1 << 8
-
-	// FeatureNetDriverECN indicates that the driver supports the TCP
-	// segmentation offload with ECN for received packets.
-	FeatureNetDriverECN Feature = 1 << 9
-
-	// FeatureNetDriverUFO indicates that the driver supports the UDP
-	// fragmentation offload for received packets.
-	FeatureNetDriverUFO Feature = 1 << 10
-
-	// FeatureNetDeviceTSO4 indicates that the device supports the TCP
-	// segmentation offload for received IPv4 packets.
-	FeatureNetDeviceTSO4 Feature = 1 << 11
-
-	// FeatureNetDeviceTSO6 indicates that the device supports the TCP
-	// segmentation offload for received IPv6 packets.
-	FeatureNetDeviceTSO6 Feature = 1 << 12
-
-	// FeatureNetDeviceECN indicates that the device supports the TCP
-	// segmentation offload with ECN for received packets.
-	FeatureNetDeviceECN Feature = 1 << 13
-
-	// FeatureNetDeviceUFO indicates that the device supports the UDP
-	// fragmentation offload for received packets.
-	FeatureNetDeviceUFO Feature = 1 << 14
-
-	// FeatureNetMergeRXBuffers indicates that the driver can handle merged
-	// receive buffers.
-	// When this feature is negotiated, devices may merge multiple descriptor
-	// chains together to transport large received packets. [NetHdr.NumBuffers]
-	// will then contain the number of merged descriptor chains.
-	FeatureNetMergeRXBuffers Feature = 1 << 15
-
-	// FeatureNetStatus indicates that the device configuration status field is
-	// available.
-	FeatureNetStatus Feature = 1 << 16
-
-	// FeatureNetCtrlVQ indicates that a control channel virtqueue is
-	// available.
-	FeatureNetCtrlVQ Feature = 1 << 17
-
-	// FeatureNetCtrlRX indicates support for RX mode control (e.g. promiscuous
-	// or all-multicast) for packet receive filtering.
-	FeatureNetCtrlRX Feature = 1 << 18
-
-	// FeatureNetCtrlVLAN indicates support for VLAN filtering through the
-	// control channel.
-	FeatureNetCtrlVLAN Feature = 1 << 19
-
-	// FeatureNetDriverAnnounce indicates that the driver can send gratuitous
-	// packets.
-	FeatureNetDriverAnnounce Feature = 1 << 21
-
-	// FeatureNetMQ indicates that the device supports multiqueue with automatic
-	// receive steering.
-	FeatureNetMQ Feature = 1 << 22
-
-	// FeatureNetCtrlMACAddr indicates that the MAC address can be set through
-	// the control channel.
-	FeatureNetCtrlMACAddr Feature = 1 << 23
-
-	// FeatureNetDeviceUSO indicates that the device supports the UDP
-	// segmentation offload for received packets.
-	FeatureNetDeviceUSO Feature = 1 << 56
-
-	// FeatureNetHashReport indicates that the device can report a per-packet
-	// hash value and type.
-	FeatureNetHashReport Feature = 1 << 57
-
-	// FeatureNetDriverHdrLen indicates that the driver can provide the exact
-	// header length value (see [NetHdr.HdrLen]).
-	// Devices may benefit from knowing the exact header length.
-	FeatureNetDriverHdrLen Feature = 1 << 59
-
-	// FeatureNetRSS indicates that the device supports RSS (receive-side
-	// scaling) with configurable hash parameters.
-	FeatureNetRSS Feature = 1 << 60
-
-	// FeatureNetRSCExt indicates that the device can process duplicated ACKs
-	// and report the number of coalesced segments and duplicated ACKs.
-	FeatureNetRSCExt Feature = 1 << 61
-
-	// FeatureNetStandby indicates that the device may act as a standby for a
-	// primary device with the same MAC address.
-	FeatureNetStandby Feature = 1 << 62
-
-	// FeatureNetSpeedDuplex indicates that the device can report link speed and
-	// duplex mode.
-	FeatureNetSpeedDuplex Feature = 1 << 63
-)

util/virtio/net_hdr.go

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-package virtio
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-// Workaround to make Go doc links work.
-var _ unix.Errno
-
-// NetHdrSize is the number of bytes needed to store a [NetHdr] in memory.
-const NetHdrSize = 12
-
-// ErrNetHdrBufferTooSmall is returned when a buffer is too small to fit a
-// virtio_net_hdr.
-var ErrNetHdrBufferTooSmall = errors.New("the buffer is too small to fit a virtio_net_hdr")
-
-// NetHdr defines the virtio_net_hdr as described by the virtio specification.
-type NetHdr struct {
-	// Flags that describe the packet.
-	// Possible values are:
-	//   - [unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_NEEDS_CSUM]
-	//   - [unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_DATA_VALID]
-	//   - [unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_RSC_INFO]
-	Flags uint8
-	// GSOType contains the type of segmentation offload that should be used for
-	// the packet.
-	// Possible values are:
-	//   - [unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_NONE]
-	//   - [unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_TCPV4]
-	//   - [unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_UDP]
-	//   - [unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_TCPV6]
-	//   - [unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_UDP_L4]
-	//   - [unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_ECN]
-	GSOType uint8
-	// HdrLen contains the length of the headers that need to be replicated by
-	// segmentation offloads. It's the number of bytes from the beginning of the
-	// packet to the beginning of the transport payload.
-	// Only used when [FeatureNetDriverHdrLen] is negotiated.
-	HdrLen uint16
-	// GSOSize contains the maximum size of each segmented packet beyond the
-	// header (payload size). In case of TCP, this is the MSS.
-	GSOSize uint16
-	// CsumStart contains the offset within the packet from which on the
-	// checksum should be computed.
-	CsumStart uint16
-	// CsumOffset specifies how many bytes after [NetHdr.CsumStart] the computed
-	// 16-bit checksum should be inserted.
-	CsumOffset uint16
-	// NumBuffers contains the number of merged descriptor chains when
-	// [FeatureNetMergeRXBuffers] is negotiated.
-	// This field is only used for packets received by the driver and should be
-	// zero for transmitted packets.
-	NumBuffers uint16
-}
-
-// Decode decodes the [NetHdr] from the given byte slice. The slice must contain
-// at least [NetHdrSize] bytes.
-func (v *NetHdr) Decode(data []byte) error {
-	if len(data) < NetHdrSize {
-		return ErrNetHdrBufferTooSmall
-	}
-	copy(unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(v)), NetHdrSize), data[:NetHdrSize])
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Encode encodes the [NetHdr] into the given byte slice. The slice must have
-// room for at least [NetHdrSize] bytes.
-func (v *NetHdr) Encode(data []byte) error {
-	if len(data) < NetHdrSize {
-		return ErrNetHdrBufferTooSmall
-	}
-	copy(data[:NetHdrSize], unsafe.Slice((*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(v)), NetHdrSize))
-	return nil
-}

util/virtio/net_hdr_test.go

@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-package virtio
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-func TestNetHdr_Size(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.EqualValues(t, NetHdrSize, unsafe.Sizeof(NetHdr{}))
-}
-
-func TestNetHdr_Encoding(t *testing.T) {
-	vnethdr := NetHdr{
-		Flags:      unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_F_NEEDS_CSUM,
-		GSOType:    unix.VIRTIO_NET_HDR_GSO_UDP_L4,
-		HdrLen:     42,
-		GSOSize:    1472,
-		CsumStart:  34,
-		CsumOffset: 6,
-		NumBuffers: 16,
-	}
-
-	buf := make([]byte, NetHdrSize)
-	require.NoError(t, vnethdr.Encode(buf))
-
-	assert.Equal(t, []byte{
-		0x01, 0x05,
-		0x2a, 0x00,
-		0xc0, 0x05,
-		0x22, 0x00,
-		0x06, 0x00,
-		0x10, 0x00,
-	}, buf)
-
-	var decoded NetHdr
-	require.NoError(t, decoded.Decode(buf))
-
-	assert.Equal(t, vnethdr, decoded)
-}